메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 20-34

Nonsurgical innovations in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFAMELANOTIDE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ALPHA INTERMEDIN DERIVATIVE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA2B INTERFERON; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BETULIC ACID; CAPECITABINE; CELECOXIB; CUV 1647; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYCLOPAMINE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE (PYRIMIDINE DIMER); EFLORNITHINE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR KINASE INHIBITOR; ERLOTINIB; ETRETIN; FLUOROURACIL; GAMMA INTERFERON; GDC 0449; GEFITINIB; IMIQUIMOD; INDOMETACIN; INGENOL; INTERFERON; ISOTRETINOIN; MELANIN; PERILLYL ALCOHOL; PLACEBO; RESIQUIMOD; RETINOID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 77954504982     PISSN: 19412789     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (245)
  • 1
    • 77954496755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Skin cancer. National Cancer Institute. http://www. cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/skin. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) National Cancer Institute
  • 2
    • 60449092062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck I: Histopathology and clinical behavior
    • McGuire JF, Ge NN, Dyson S. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck I: histopathology and clinical behavior. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009;30(2):121-133.
    • (2009) Am J Otolaryngol , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-133
    • McGuire, J.F.1    Ge, N.N.2    Dyson, S.3
  • 3
    • 72349098586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mohs versus traditional surgical excision for facial and auricular nonmelanoma skin cancer: An analysis of cost-effectiveness
    • Seidler AM, Bramlette TB, Washington CV, et al. Mohs versus traditional surgical excision for facial and auricular nonmelanoma skin cancer: an analysis of cost-effectiveness. Dermatol Surg. 2009;35(11):1776-1187.
    • (2009) Dermatol Surg , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1776-1187
    • Seidler, A.M.1    Bramlette, T.B.2    Washington, C.V.3
  • 4
    • 77954476021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing the cost of preventing nonmelanoma skin cancer
    • King SC, Chen S. Analyzing the cost of preventing nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(12): 2745-2746.
    • (2009) J Invest Dermatol , vol.129 , Issue.12 , pp. 2745-2746
    • King, S.C.1    Chen, S.2
  • 6
    • 68749098363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and initial management of the patient with facial skin cancer
    • Ho T, Byrne PJ. Evaluation and initial management of the patient with facial skin cancer. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2009;17(3):301-307.
    • (2009) Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-307
    • Ho, T.1    Byrne, P.J.2
  • 7
    • 36549088599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive diagnostic tools for nonmelanoma skin cancer
    • Ulrich M, Stockfleth E, Roewert-Huber J, et al. Noninvasive diagnostic tools for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157 Suppl 2:56-58.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 56-58
    • Ulrich, M.1    Stockfleth, E.2    Roewert-Huber, J.3
  • 10
    • 65349144401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck II: Surgical treatment and reconstruction
    • Ge NN, McGuire JF, Dyson S, Chark D. Nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck II: surgical treatment and reconstruction. Am J Otolaryngol. 2009;30(3):181-192.
    • (2009) Am J Otolaryngol , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-192
    • Ge, N.N.1    McGuire, J.F.2    Dyson, S.3    Chark, D.4
  • 13
    • 28444472828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet A radiation: Testing and labeling for sunscreen products
    • Nash JF, Tanner PR, Matts PJ. Ultraviolet A radiation: testing and labeling for sunscreen products. Dermatol Clin. 2006;24(1):63-74.
    • (2006) Dermatol Clin , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-74
    • Nash, J.F.1    Tanner, P.R.2    Matts, P.J.3
  • 14
    • 41849121468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad-spectrum sunscreens provide better protection from solar ultraviolet-simulated radiation and natural sunlight-induced immunosuppression in human beings
    • Moyal DD, Fourtanier AM. Broad-spectrum sunscreens provide better protection from solar ultraviolet-simulated radiation and natural sunlight-induced immunosuppression in human beings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S149-S154.
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , Issue.5
    • Moyal, D.D.1    Fourtanier, A.M.2
  • 16
    • 0030775138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of retinol in preventing squamous cell skin cancer in moderate-risk subjects: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group
    • Moon TE, Levine N, Cartmel B, et al. Effect of retinol in preventing squamous cell skin cancer in moderate-risk subjects: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997;6(11): 949-956.
    • (1997) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 949-956
    • Moon, T.E.1    Levine, N.2    Cartmel, B.3
  • 17
    • 0032955702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoids: Present role and future potential
    • Evans TR, Kaye SB. Retinoids: present role and future potential. Br J Cancer. 1999;80(1-2):1-8.
    • (1999) Br J Cancer , vol.80 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-8
    • Evans, T.R.1    Kaye, S.B.2
  • 19
    • 0033676093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the use of vitamin A (retinoids) in the prevention and treatment of cancer
    • Niles RM. Recent advances in the use of vitamin A (retinoids) in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Nutrition. 2000;16(11-12): 1084-1089.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1084-1089
    • Niles, R.M.1
  • 20
    • 0025602652 scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site
    • Nicholson RC, Mader S, Nagpal S, et al. Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site. EMBO J. 1990;9(13):4443-4454.
    • (1990) EMBO J , vol.9 , Issue.13 , pp. 4443-4454
    • Nicholson, R.C.1    Mader, S.2    Nagpal, S.3
  • 21
    • 0028173207 scopus 로고
    • A new class of retinoids with selective inhibition of AP-1 inhibits proliferation
    • Fanjul A, Dawson MI, Hobbs PD, et al. A new class of retinoids with selective inhibition of AP-1 inhibits proliferation. Nature. 1994;372(6501):107-111.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , Issue.6501 , pp. 107-111
    • Fanjul, A.1    Dawson, M.I.2    Hobbs, P.D.3
  • 22
    • 0032827814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of UV-induced skin tumors in hairless mice by selective COX-2 inhibition
    • Pentland AP, Schoggins JW, Scott GA, et al. Reduction of UV-induced skin tumors in hairless mice by selective COX-2 inhibition. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20(10):1939-1944.
    • (1999) Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1939-1944
    • Pentland, A.P.1    Schoggins, J.W.2    Scott, G.A.3
  • 23
    • 0031843401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: Implications for the development of skin cancer
    • Buckman SY, Gresham A, Hale P, et al. COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(5):723-729.
    • (1998) Carcinogenesis , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 723-729
    • Buckman, S.Y.1    Gresham, A.2    Hale, P.3
  • 24
    • 0033609665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin-H-synthase isozyme expression in normal and neoplastic human skin
    • Müller-Decker K, Reinerth G, Krieg P, et al. Prostaglandin-H-synthase isozyme expression in normal and neoplastic human skin. Int J Cancer. 1999;82(5):648-656.
    • (1999) Int J Cancer , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 648-656
    • Müller-Decker, K.1    Reinerth, G.2    Krieg, P.3
  • 25
    • 0032815072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemopreventive activity of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin against ultraviolet light-induced skin carcinogenesis
    • Fischer SM, Lo HH, Gordon GB, et al. Chemopreventive activity of celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin against ultraviolet light-induced skin carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog. 1999;25(4):231-240.
    • (1999) Mol Carcinog , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 231-240
    • Fischer, S.M.1    Lo, H.H.2    Gordon, G.B.3
  • 26
    • 33749149901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer chemoprevention with systemic retinoids: An adjunct in the management of selected high-risk patients
    • Campbell RM, DiGiovanna JJ. Skin cancer chemoprevention with systemic retinoids: an adjunct in the management of selected high-risk patients. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19(5):306-314.
    • (2006) Dermatol Ther , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 306-314
    • Campbell, R.M.1    Digiovanna, J.J.2
  • 27
    • 33646021928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with systemic retinoids: Practical dosing and management of adverse effects
    • Otley CC, Stasko T, Tope WD, Lebwohl M. Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with systemic retinoids: practical dosing and management of adverse effects. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(4):562-568.
    • (2006) Dermatol Surg , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 562-568
    • Otley, C.C.1    Stasko, T.2    Tope, W.D.3    Lebwohl, M.4
  • 28
    • 0034042963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state-of-the-art in chemoprevention of skin cancer
    • Stratton SP, Dorr RT, Alberts DS. The state-of-the-art in chemoprevention of skin cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36(10): 1292-1297.
    • (2000) Eur J Cancer , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 1292-1297
    • Stratton, S.P.1    Dorr, R.T.2    Alberts, D.S.3
  • 30
    • 0014829871 scopus 로고
    • Retinoic acid: Topical treatment of senile or actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas
    • Bollag W, Ott F. Retinoic acid: topical treatment of senile or actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinomas. Agents Actions. 1970;1(4):172-175.
    • (1970) Agents Actions , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 172-175
    • Bollag, W.1    Ott, F.2
  • 31
    • 0011344715 scopus 로고
    • Response of actinic keratoses to topical vitamin A acid
    • Barranco VP, Olson RL, Everett MA. Response of actinic keratoses to topical vitamin A acid. Cutis. 1970;6:681-685.
    • (1970) Cutis , vol.6 , pp. 681-685
    • Barranco, V.P.1    Olson, R.L.2    Everett, M.A.3
  • 32
    • 0016862801 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A acid in benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the skin
    • Bollag W, Ott F. Vitamin A acid in benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the skin. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1975;74:163-166.
    • (1975) Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) , vol.74 , pp. 163-166
    • Bollag, W.1    Ott, F.2
  • 33
    • 0018140894 scopus 로고
    • Acid for the topical management of epithelial neoplasms. combination with 5-fluorouracil
    • Kurka M, Orfanos CE, Pullmann H. Vitamin A acid for the topical management of epithelial neoplasms. Combination with 5-fluorouracil. Hautarzt. 1978;29(6):313-318.
    • (1978) Hautarzt , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 313-318
    • Kurka, M.1    Orfanos, C.E.2    Pullmann, H.3    Vitamin, A.4
  • 35
    • 0025977374 scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face with arotinoid methyl sulfone (Ro 14-9706) cream versus tretinoin cream: A double-blind, comparative study
    • Misiewicz J, Sendagorta E, Golebiowska A, et al. Topical treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face with arotinoid methyl sulfone (Ro 14-9706) cream versus tretinoin cream: a double-blind, comparative study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24(3):448-451.
    • (1991) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-451
    • Misiewicz, J.1    Sendagorta, E.2    Golebiowska, A.3
  • 36
    • 0028213876 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of topical isotretinoin in the treatment of actinic keratoses
    • Alirezai M, Dupuy P, Amblard P, et al. Clinical evaluation of topical isotretinoin in the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30(3):447-451.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-451
    • Alirezai, M.1    Dupuy, P.2    Amblard, P.3
  • 37
    • 0028213980 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a low-fat diet on the incidence of actinic keratosis
    • Black HS, Herd JA, Goldberg LH, et al. Effect of a low-fat diet on the incidence of actinic keratosis. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(18): 1272-1275.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , Issue.18 , pp. 1272-1275
    • Black, H.S.1    Herd, J.A.2    Goldberg, L.H.3
  • 38
    • 68549109479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake and risk of skin cancer: A prospective study in Australian adults
    • Ibiebele TI, van der Pols JC, Hughes MC, et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of skin cancer: a prospective study in Australian adults. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(7):1678-1684.
    • (2009) Int J Cancer , vol.125 , Issue.7 , pp. 1678-1684
    • Ibiebele, T.I.1    van der Pols, J.C.2    Hughes, M.C.3
  • 39
    • 0022343988 scopus 로고
    • Relation of antioxidants and level of dietary lipid to epidermal lipid peroxidation and ultraviolet carcinogenesis
    • Black HS, Lenger WA, Gerguis J, Thornby JI. Relation of antioxidants and level of dietary lipid to epidermal lipid peroxidation and ultraviolet carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 1985;45(12 Pt 1):6254-6259.
    • (1985) Cancer Res , vol.45 , pp. 6254-6259
    • Black, H.S.1    Lenger, W.A.2    Gerguis, J.3    Thornby, J.I.4
  • 40
    • 0032254146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perillyl alcohol: Applications in oncology
    • Belanger JT. Perillyl alcohol: applications in oncology. Altern Med Rev. 1998;3(6):448-457.
    • (1998) Altern Med Rev , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 448-457
    • Belanger, J.T.1
  • 41
    • 0032980875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes
    • Crowell PL. Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. J Nutr. 1999;129(3):775S-778S.
    • (1999) J Nutr , vol.129 , pp. 775-778
    • Crowell, P.L.1
  • 42
    • 0032519560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of perillyl alcohol on UVB-induced murine skin cancer and AP-1 transactivation
    • Barthelman M, Chen W, Gensler HL, et al. Inhibitory effects of perillyl alcohol on UVB-induced murine skin cancer and AP-1 transactivation. Cancer Res. 1998;58(4):711-716.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 711-716
    • Barthelman, M.1    Chen, W.2    Gensler, H.L.3
  • 43
    • 62549143912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perillyl alcohol attenuates Ras-ERK signaling to inhibit murine skin inflammation and tumorigenesis
    • Chaudhary SC, Alam MS, Siddiqui MS, Athar M. Perillyl alcohol attenuates Ras-ERK signaling to inhibit murine skin inflammation and tumorigenesis. Chem Biol Interact. 2009;179(2-3):145-153.
    • (2009) Chem Biol Interact , vol.179 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 145-153
    • Chaudhary, S.C.1    Alam, M.S.2    Siddiqui, M.S.3    Athar, M.4
  • 44
    • 42649142587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 1 study of topical perillyl alcohol cream for chemoprevention of skin cancer
    • Stratton SP, Saboda KL, Myrdal PB, et al. Phase 1 study of topical perillyl alcohol cream for chemoprevention of skin cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(3):325-330.
    • (2008) Nutr Cancer , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-330
    • Stratton, S.P.1    Saboda, K.L.2    Myrdal, P.B.3
  • 46
    • 45549096212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T4 endonuclease V: Review and application to dermatology
    • Cafardi JA, Elmets CA. T4 endonuclease V: review and application to dermatology. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2008;8(6):829-838.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 829-838
    • Cafardi, J.A.1    Elmets, C.A.2
  • 47
    • 0035941996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of topically applied T4 endonuclease V in liposomes on skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum: A randomised study. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Study Group
    • Yarosh D, Klein J, O'Connor A, et al. Effect of topically applied T4 endonuclease V in liposomes on skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum: a randomised study. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Study Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9260):926-929.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , Issue.9260 , pp. 926-929
    • Yarosh, D.1    Klein, J.2    O'Connor, A.3
  • 48
    • 0037202618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced DNA repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers changes thebiological response to UV-B radiation
    • Yarosh DB. Enhanced DNA repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers changes thebiological response to UV-B radiation. Mutat Res. 2002;509(1-2):221-226.
    • (2002) Mutat Res , vol.509 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 221-226
    • Yarosh, D.B.1
  • 49
    • 46749097976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage in xeroderma pigmentosum: T4N5 lotion and gene therapy
    • Zahid S, Brownell I. Repairing DNA damage in xeroderma pigmentosum: T4N5 lotion and gene therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(4):405-408.
    • (2008) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 405-408
    • Zahid, S.1    Brownell, I.2    Repairing, D.N.A.3
  • 51
    • 77954526018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of topical bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V in renal allograft recipients with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer
    • Available at:, Accessed on: March 4,
    • Elmets CA et al. A phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of topical bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V in renal allograft recipients with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00089180. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/show/NCT00089180. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00089180
    • Elmets, C.A.1
  • 52
    • 0027651969 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the photoprotective effects of vitamin
    • Fryer MJ. Evidence for the photoprotective effects of vitamin E. Photochem Photobiol. 1993;58(2):304-12.
    • (1993) E. Photochem Photobiol , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-312
    • Fryer, M.J.1
  • 53
    • 0035725242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging- and photoaging-dependent changes of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the epidermis and dermis of human skin in vivo
    • Rhie G, Shin MH, Seo JY, et al. Aging- and photoaging-dependent changes of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the epidermis and dermis of human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2001;117(5):1212-1217.
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 1212-1217
    • Rhie, G.1    Shin, M.H.2    Seo, J.Y.3
  • 54
    • 0025730356 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation
    • Gensler HL, Magdaleno M. Topical vitamin E inhibition of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Nutr Cancer. 1991;15(2):97-106.
    • (1991) Nutr Cancer , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-106
    • Gensler, H.L.1    Magdaleno, M.2
  • 55
    • 67549133535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprevention of human actinic keratoses by topical DL-a-tocopherol
    • et al
    • Foote JA Ranger-Moore JR, Einspahr JG, et al. Chemoprevention of human actinic keratoses by topical DL-a-tocopherol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila, Pa). 2009;2(4): 394-400.
    • (2009) Cancer Prev Res (Phila, Pa) , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 394-400
    • Foote, J.A.1    Ranger-Moore, J.R.2    Einspahr, J.G.3
  • 56
    • 0001913298 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of polyamine metabolism and the consequent effects on cell proliferation
    • In: L Wattenberg, ed. Cancer Chemoprevention., FL: CRC Press
    • McCann PP, Bitonti AJ, Pegg AE. Inhibition of polyamine metabolism and the consequent effects on cell proliferation. In: L Wattenberg, ed. Cancer Chemoprevention. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;1992:531-539.
    • (1992) Boca Raton , pp. 531-539
    • McCann, P.P.1    Bitonti, A.J.2    Pegg, A.E.3
  • 57
    • 0023881236 scopus 로고
    • Polyamine metabolism and its importance in neoplastic growth and a target for chemotherapy
    • Pegg AE. Polyamine metabolism and its importance in neoplastic growth and a target for chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 1988;48(4):759-774.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 759-774
    • Pegg, A.E.1
  • 58
    • 0023707798 scopus 로고
    • Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in difluoromethylornithine-resistant L1210 cells by polyamines and synthetic analogues
    • Pegg AE, Madhubala R, Karneji T, et al. Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in difluoromethylornithine-resistant L1210 cells by polyamines and synthetic analogues. J Biol Chem. 1988;263(22):11008-11014.
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , Issue.22 , pp. 11008-11014
    • Pegg, A.E.1    Madhubala, R.2    Karneji, T.3
  • 59
    • 77649208537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting ornithine decarboxylase for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. Cancer Prev Res (Phila
    • Elmets CA, Athar M. Targeting ornithine decarboxylase for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. Cancer Prev Res (Phila, Pa). 2010;3(1):8-11.
    • (2010) Pa) , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-11
    • Elmets, C.A.1    Athar, M.2
  • 60
    • 0034523080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprevention of human actinic keratoses by topical 2-(Difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine
    • Alberts DS, Dorr RT, Einspahr JG, et al. Chemoprevention of human actinic keratoses by topical 2-(Difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9(12):1281-1286.
    • (2000) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. 1281-1286
    • Alberts, D.S.1    Dorr, R.T.2    Einspahr, J.G.3
  • 61
    • 0036156755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of biologic endpoints by topical difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in subjects at high-risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer
    • Einspahr JG, Nelson MA, Saboda K, et al. Modulation of biologic endpoints by topical difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in subjects at high-risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8(1):149-155.
    • (2002) Clin Cancer Res , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-155
    • Einspahr, J.G.1    Nelson, M.A.2    Saboda, K.3
  • 62
    • 77649195334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 skin cancer prevention study of {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine in subjects with previous history of skin cancer
    • Bailey HH, Kim K, Verma AK, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 skin cancer prevention study of {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine in subjects with previous history of skin cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2010;3(1):35-47.
    • (2010) Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-47
    • Bailey, H.H.1    Kim, K.2    Verma, A.K.3
  • 63
    • 71449099687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase IIB randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with and without a topical corticosteroid cream (triamcinolone 0.1%) in the therapy of actinic keratoses (AK) on the forearms
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Alberts DS. Phase IIB randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with and without a topical corticosteroid cream (triamcinolone 0.1%) in the therapy of actinic keratoses (AK) on the forearms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00021294. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00021294. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00021294
    • Alberts, D.S.1
  • 64
    • 77954521430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoprevention of skin cancers with DFMO: A controlled, randomized clinical trial
    • Accessed on: March 4,
    • Carbone PP. Chemoprevention of skin cancers with DFMO: a controlled, randomized clinical trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005884. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00005884. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005884
    • Carbone, P.P.1
  • 65
    • 84943667213 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intralesional interferon in actinic keratoses
    • Edwards L, Levine N, Weidner M, et al. Effect of intralesional interferon in actinic keratoses. Arch Derm. 1986;122:779-782.
    • (1986) Arch Derm , vol.122 , pp. 779-782
    • Edwards, L.1    Levine, N.2    Weidner, M.3
  • 66
    • 0025338225 scopus 로고
    • The effect of topical interferon alpha 2b on actinic keratoses
    • Edwards L, Levine N, Smiles KA. The effect of topical interferon alpha 2b on actinic keratoses. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990;16(5):446-449.
    • (1990) J Dermatol Surg Oncol , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 446-449
    • Edwards, L.1    Levine, N.2    Smiles, K.A.3
  • 67
    • 0032851069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. British Association of Dermatologists
    • Telfer NR, Colver GB, Bowers PW. Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. British Association of Dermatologists. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141(3):415-423.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.141 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-423
    • Telfer, N.R.1    Colver, G.B.2    Bowers, P.W.3
  • 68
    • 33646509240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of basal cell carcinomas treated with perilesional interferon alfa 2b as monotherapy
    • Tucker SB, Polasek JW, Perri AJ, Goldsmith EA. Long-term follow-up of basal cell carcinomas treated with perilesional interferon alfa 2b as monotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(6):1033-1038.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1033-1038
    • Tucker, S.B.1    Polasek, J.W.2    Perri, A.J.3    Goldsmith, E.A.4
  • 69
    • 0025083873 scopus 로고
    • Intralesional interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma
    • Cornell RC, Greenway HT, Tucker SB, et al. Intralesional interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23:694-700.
    • (1990) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.23 , pp. 694-700
    • Cornell, R.C.1    Greenway, H.T.2    Tucker, S.B.3
  • 70
    • 0028916478 scopus 로고
    • Use of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma
    • Chimenti S, Peris K, Di Cristofaro S, et al. Use of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Dermatology. 1995;190:214-217.
    • (1995) Dermatology , vol.190 , pp. 214-217
    • Chimenti, S.1    Peris, K.2    Di Cristofaro, S.3
  • 71
    • 0022467385 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with intralesional interferon
    • Greenway HT, Cornell RC, Tanner DJ, et al. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with intralesional interferon. J Am Acad Derm. 1986; 15:437-443.
    • (1986) J Am Acad Derm , vol.15 , pp. 437-443
    • Greenway, H.T.1    Cornell, R.C.2    Tanner, D.J.3
  • 72
    • 0026693223 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of aggressive basal cell carcinoma with intralesional interferon: Evaluation of efficacy by Mohs surgery
    • Stenquist B, Wennberg AM, Gisslen H, et al. Treatment of aggressive basal cell carcinoma with intralesional interferon: evaluation of efficacy by Mohs surgery. J Am Acad Derm. 1992; 27:65-69.
    • (1992) J Am Acad Derm , vol.27 , pp. 65-69
    • Stenquist, B.1    Wennberg, A.M.2    Gisslen, H.3
  • 73
    • 24944590701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of basal cell carcinoma located in the head and neck region with intralesional interferon alpha-2a: Evaluation of long-term follow-up results
    • Bostanci S, Kocyigit P, Alp A, et al. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma located in the head and neck region with intralesional interferon alpha-2a: evaluation of long-term follow-up results. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(10):661-667.
    • (2005) Clin Drug Investig , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 661-667
    • Bostanci, S.1    Kocyigit, P.2    Alp, A.3
  • 74
    • 0025886219 scopus 로고
    • Interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
    • Ikic D, Padovan I, Pipic N, et al. Interferon therapy for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Pharm Ther Toxicol. 1991;29:342-346.
    • (1991) Int J Clin Pharm Ther Toxicol , vol.29 , pp. 342-346
    • Ikic, D.1    Padovan, I.2    Pipic, N.3
  • 75
    • 0026490144 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by intralesional interferon-alp 2b therapy
    • Edwards L, Berman B, Rapini RP, et al. Treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by intralesional interferon-alp 2b therapy. Arch Derm. 1992;128:1486-1489.
    • (1992) Arch Derm , vol.128 , pp. 1486-1489
    • Edwards, L.1    Berman, B.2    Rapini, R.P.3
  • 76
    • 0025809190 scopus 로고
    • Intralesional interferon-alpha 2b in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma
    • Buechner S. Intralesional interferon-alpha 2b in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Derm. 1991;24:731-734.
    • (1991) J Am Acad Derm , vol.24 , pp. 731-734
    • Buechner, S.1
  • 78
    • 19444386150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psoriasis exacerbated by interferon-alpha in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
    • Ladoyanni E, Nambi R. Psoriasis exacerbated by interferon-alpha in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Drugs Dermatol. 2005;4(2):221-222.
    • (2005) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-222
    • Ladoyanni, E.1    Nambi, R.2
  • 79
    • 33748484868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for management of melanoma during pregnancy: Risk for the fetus?
    • Egberts F, Lischner S, Russo P, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for management of melanoma during pregnancy: risk for the fetus? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2006;4:717-720.
    • (2006) J Dtsch Dermatol Ges , vol.4 , pp. 717-720
    • Egberts, F.1    Lischner, S.2    Russo, P.3
  • 80
    • 33646177310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of new treatment modalities for actinic keratosis
    • Berman B, Villa AM, Ramirez CC. Mechanisms of action of new treatment modalities for actinic keratosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5(2):167-173.
    • (2006) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-173
    • Berman, B.1    Villa, A.M.2    Ramirez, C.C.3
  • 81
    • 3242683363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapies for non-melanoma skin cancer
    • Chakrabarty A, Geisse JK. Medical therapies for non-melanoma skin cancer. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22(3):183-188.
    • (2004) Clin Dermatol , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-188
    • Chakrabarty, A.1    Geisse, J.K.2
  • 82
    • 0018768696 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the skin with 5-fluorouracil ointment. A 10-year follow-up study
    • Reymann F. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the skin with 5-fluorouracil ointment. A 10-year follow-up study. Dermatologica. 1979;158(5):368-372.
    • (1979) Dermatologica , vol.158 , Issue.5 , pp. 368-372
    • Reymann, F.1
  • 83
    • 0021920469 scopus 로고
    • Fluorouracil paste treatment of thin basal cell carcinomas
    • Epstein E. Fluorouracil paste treatment of thin basal cell carcinomas. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121(2):207-213.
    • (1985) Arch Dermatol , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-213
    • Epstein, E.1
  • 84
    • 0017990386 scopus 로고
    • Tendency of fluorouracil to conceal deep foci of invasive basal cell carcinoma
    • Mohs FE, Jones DL, Bloom RF. Tendency of fluorouracil to conceal deep foci of invasive basal cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 1978;114(7):1021-1022.
    • (1978) Arch Dermatol , vol.114 , Issue.7 , pp. 1021-1022
    • Mohs, F.E.1    Jones, D.L.2    Bloom, R.F.3
  • 85
    • 0037366476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of Bowen's disease with 5-fluorouracil
    • Bargman H, Hochman J. Topical treatment of Bowen's disease with 5-fluorouracil. J Cutan Med Surg. 2003;7(2):101-105.
    • (2003) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-105
    • Bargman, H.1    Hochman, J.2
  • 86
    • 0037362509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease
    • Salim A, Leman JA, McColl JH, et al. Randomized comparison of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil in Bowen's disease. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148(3):539-543.
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.148 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-543
    • Salim, A.1    Leman, J.A.2    McColl, J.H.3
  • 87
    • 33846248756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of post-transplant premalignant skin disease: A randomized intrapatient comparative study of 5-fluorouracil cream and topical photodynamic therapy
    • Perrett CM, McGregor JM, Warwick J, et al. Treatment of post-transplant premalignant skin disease: a randomized intrapatient comparative study of 5-fluorouracil cream and topical photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(2):320-328.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 320-328
    • Perrett, C.M.1    McGregor, J.M.2    Warwick, J.3
  • 88
    • 0035020545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical 5-fluorouracil to treat multiple or unresectable facial squamous cell carcinomas in xeroderma pigmentosum
    • Hamouda B, Jamila Z, Najet R, et al. Topical 5-fluorouracil to treat multiple or unresectable facial squamous cell carcinomas in xeroderma pigmentosum. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(6):1054.
    • J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(6):1054
    • Hamouda, B.1    Jamila, Z.2    Najet, R.3
  • 89
    • 0033638724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral 5-fluorouracil in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the aged
    • Cartei G, Cartei F, Interlandi G, et al. Oral 5-fluorouracil in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the aged. Am J Clin Oncol. 2000;23(2):181-184.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-184
    • Cartei, G.1    Cartei, F.2    Interlandi, G.3
  • 90
    • 60349098402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to a topical regimen of 5-fluorouracil, 0.5%, cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses
    • Yentzer B, Hick J, Williams L, et al. Adherence to a topical regimen of 5-fluorouracil, 0.5%, cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(2):203-205.
    • (2009) Arch Dermatol , vol.145 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-205
    • Yentzer, B.1    Hick, J.2    Williams, L.3
  • 92
    • 0035986664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% fluorouracil cream and 5% fluorouracil cream applied to each side of the face in patients with actinic keratosis
    • Loven K, Stein L, Furst K, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% fluorouracil cream and 5% fluorouracil cream applied to each side of the face in patients with actinic keratosis. Clin Ther. 2002;24(6):990-1000.
    • (2002) Clin Ther , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 990-1000
    • Loven, K.1    Stein, L.2    Furst, K.3
  • 93
    • 33745295528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary Care Education Consortium; Texas Academy of Family Physicians. Actinic keratoses: Sequelae and treatments. Recommendations from a consensus panel
    • suppl
    • Berman B, Bienstock L, Kuritzky L, et al; Primary Care Education Consortium; Texas Academy of Family Physicians. Actinic keratoses: sequelae and treatments. Recommendations from a consensus panel. J Fam Pract. 2006;55(5):suppl 1-8.
    • (2006) J Fam Pract , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-8
    • Berman, B.1    Bienstock, L.2    Kuritzky, L.3
  • 94
    • 0026070360 scopus 로고
    • Weekly pulse dosing: Effective and comfortable topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of multiple facial actinic keratoses
    • Pearlman DL. Weekly pulse dosing: effective and comfortable topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of multiple facial actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;25(4):665-667.
    • (1991) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 665-667
    • Pearlman, D.L.1
  • 95
    • 0027109075 scopus 로고
    • Cancer. p53, guardian of the genome
    • Lane DP. Cancer. p53, guardian of the genome. Nature. 1992;358(6381):15-16.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , Issue.6381 , pp. 15-16
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 96
    • 0037231699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The actinic (solar) keratosis: A 21st-century perspective
    • Fu W, Cockerell C. The actinic (solar) keratosis: a 21st-century perspective. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(1):66-70.
    • (2003) Arch Dermatol , vol.139 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-70
    • Fu, W.1    Cockerell, C.2
  • 97
    • 34548824355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of actinic keratoses with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod creams
    • Price NM. The treatment of actinic keratoses with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod creams. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6(8):778-781.
    • (2007) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 778-781
    • Price, N.M.1
  • 98
    • 77954517152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The VA Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention Trial
    • VAKCCT, Accessed on: March 4
    • The VA Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention Trial (VAKCCT). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00847912. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00847912. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00847912
  • 99
    • 77954495653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Approval for Imiquimod
    • Accessed on: March 4,
    • FDA Approval for Imiquimod. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/fda-imiquimod Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) National Cancer Institute
  • 100
    • 36549032065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod: Mode of action
    • Schön MP, Schön M. Imiquimod: mode of action. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157 Suppl 2:8-13.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 8-13
    • Schön, M.P.1    Schön, M.2
  • 101
    • 36849006427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different apoptotic patterns observed in tissues damaged by phenol and TCA peels
    • Yamamoto Y, Uede K, Otani T, et al. Different apoptotic patterns observed in tissues damaged by phenol and TCA peels. J Dermatol Sci. 2006; 2(suppl):75-81.
    • (2006) J Dermatol Sci , vol.2 , pp. 75-81
    • Yamamoto, Y.1    Uede, K.2    Otani, T.3
  • 102
    • 0031887044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenol peeling and the history of phenol peeling
    • Stuzin JM. Phenol peeling and the history of phenol peeling. Clin Plast Surg. 1998;25:1-19.
    • (1998) Clin Plast Surg , vol.25 , pp. 1-19
    • Stuzin, J.M.1
  • 103
    • 61849089841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenol peels as a novel therapeutic approach for actinic keratosis and Bowen disease: Prospective pilot trial with assessment of clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical correlations
    • Kaminaka C, Yamamoto Y, Yonei N, et al. Phenol peels as a novel therapeutic approach for actinic keratosis and Bowen disease: prospective pilot trial with assessment of clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical correlations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(4):615-625.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-625
    • Kaminaka, C.1    Yamamoto, Y.2    Yonei, N.3
  • 104
    • 0031900829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine induction in hairless mouse and rat skin after topical application of the immune response modifiers imiquimod and S-28463
    • Imbertson LM, Beaurline JM, Couture AM, et al. Cytokine induction in hairless mouse and rat skin after topical application of the immune response modifiers imiquimod and S-28463. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110:734-739.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.110 , pp. 734-739
    • Imbertson, L.M.1    Beaurline, J.M.2    Couture, A.M.3
  • 105
    • 0033540341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modifiers, R-848 and imiquimod
    • Wagner TL, Ahonen CL, Couture AM, et al. Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modifiers, R-848 and imiquimod. Cell Immunol. 1999;191:10-19.
    • (1999) Cell Immunol , vol.191 , pp. 10-19
    • Wagner, T.L.1    Ahonen, C.L.2    Couture, A.M.3
  • 106
    • 0036008014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway
    • Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. 2002;3:196-200.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 196-200
    • Hemmi, H.1    Kaisho, T.2    Takeuchi, O.3
  • 107
    • 0035992269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of type I interferon signaling proteins is an early event in squamous skin carcinogenesis
    • Clifford JL, Walch E, Yang X, et al. Suppression of type I interferon signaling proteins is an early event in squamous skin carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:2067-2072.
    • (2002) Clin Cancer Res , vol.8 , pp. 2067-2072
    • Clifford, J.L.1    Walch, E.2    Yang, X.3
  • 108
    • 0041920772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-selective induction of apoptosis and the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod
    • Schön M, Bong AB, Drewniok C, et al. Tumor-selective induction of apoptosis and the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(15):1138-1149.
    • (2003) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.95 , Issue.15 , pp. 1138-1149
    • Schön, M.1    Bong, A.B.2    Drewniok, C.3
  • 109
    • 2442555760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptor-independent apoptosis in malignant melanoma induced by the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod
    • Schön MP, Wienrich BG, Drewniok C, et al. Death receptor-independent apoptosis in malignant melanoma induced by the small-molecule immune response modifier imiquimod. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(5):1266-1276.
    • (2004) J Invest Dermatol , vol.122 , Issue.5 , pp. 1266-1276
    • Schön, M.P.1    Wienrich, B.G.2    Drewniok, C.3
  • 110
    • 2642689658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteases to die for
    • Cryns V, Yuan J. Proteases to die for. Genes Dev. 1998;12(11):1551-1570.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , Issue.11 , pp. 1551-1570
    • Cryns, V.1    Yuan, J.2
  • 111
    • 0036857317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod: An international update on therapeutic uses in dermatology
    • Tyring S, Conant M, Marini M, et al. Imiquimod: an international update on therapeutic uses in dermatology. Int J Dermatol. 2002;41(11):810-816.
    • (2002) Int J Dermatol , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 810-816
    • Tyring, S.1    Conant, M.2    Marini, M.3
  • 112
    • 33644927271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod-induced regression of actinic keratosis is associated with infiltration by T lymphocytes and dendritic cells: A randomized controlled trial
    • Ooi T, Barnetson RS, Zhuang L, et al. Imiquimod-induced regression of actinic keratosis is associated with infiltration by T lymphocytes and dendritic cells: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(1):72-78.
    • (2006) Br J Dermatol , vol.154 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-78
    • Ooi, T.1    Barnetson, R.S.2    Zhuang, L.3
  • 113
    • 0036845121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to assess 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses
    • Stockfleth E, Meyer T, Benninghoff B, et al. A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to assess 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138(11):1498-1502.
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , Issue.11 , pp. 1498-1502
    • Stockfleth, E.1    Meyer, T.2    Benninghoff, B.3
  • 114
    • 0036788815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycle therapy of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp with 5% topical imiquimod cream: An open-label trial
    • Salasche SJ, Levine N, Morrison L. Cycle therapy of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp with 5% topical imiquimod cream: an open-label trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(4):571-577.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 571-577
    • Salasche, S.J.1    Levine, N.2    Morrison, L.3
  • 115
    • 2342450044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Results from two phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials
    • Lebwohl M, Dinehart S, Whiting D, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from two phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, vehicle-controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(5):714-721.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 714-721
    • Lebwohl, M.1    Dinehart, S.2    Whiting, D.3
  • 116
    • 4644304377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, clinical trial with histology
    • Szeimies RM, Gerritsen MJ, Gupta G, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, clinical trial with histology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(4):547-555.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 547-555
    • Szeimies, R.M.1    Gerritsen, M.J.2    Gupta, G.3
  • 117
    • 33747596885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effectiveness of imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Critical review and meta-analysis of efficacy studies
    • Gupta AK, Davey V, Mcphail H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Critical review and meta-analysis of efficacy studies. J Cutan Med Surg. 2005;9(5):209-214.
    • (2005) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 209-214
    • Gupta, A.K.1    Davey, V.2    McPhail, H.3
  • 118
    • 36549032062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre, open-label study using imiquimod 5% cream in one or two 4-week courses of treatment for multiple actinic keratoses on the head
    • Stockfleth E, Sterry W, Carey-Yard M, et al. Multicentre, open-label study using imiquimod 5% cream in one or two 4-week courses of treatment for multiple actinic keratoses on the head. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157 Suppl 2:41-46.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 41-46
    • Stockfleth, E.1    Sterry, W.2    Carey-Yard, M.3
  • 119
    • 34250674001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head
    • Alomar A, Bichel J, McRae S. Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(1): 133-141.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-141
    • Alomar, A.1    Bichel, J.2    McRae, S.3
  • 120
    • 17444394323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosing with 5% imiquimod cream 3 times per week for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Results of two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled trials
    • Korman N, Moy R, Ling M, et al. Dosing with 5% imiquimod cream 3 times per week for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, vehicle-controlled trials. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141(4):467-473.
    • (2005) Arch Dermatol , vol.141 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-473
    • Korman, N.1    Moy, R.2    Ling, M.3
  • 121
    • 57649220006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized pilot study of imiquimod 5% cream applied once per week for 6 months for the treatment of actinic keratoses
    • Zeichner JA, Stern DW, Uliasz A, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized pilot study of imiquimod 5% cream applied once per week for 6 months for the treatment of actinic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(1):59-62.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-62
    • Zeichner, J.A.1    Stern, D.W.2    Uliasz, A.3
  • 122
    • 37549064316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of imiquimod as an adjunct to cryotherapy for actinic keratoses
    • Tan JK, Thomas DR, Poulin Y, et al. Efficacy of imiquimod as an adjunct to cryotherapy for actinic keratoses. J Cutan Med Surg. 2007;11(6):195-201.
    • (2007) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 195-201
    • Tan, J.K.1    Thomas, D.R.2    Poulin, Y.3
  • 123
    • 36549087129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: Results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients
    • Ulrich C, Bichel J, Euvrard S, et al. Topical immunomodulation under systemic immunosuppression: results of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses in kidney, heart, and liver transplant patients. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157 Suppl 2:25-31.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 25-31
    • Ulrich, C.1    Bichel, J.2    Euvrard, S.3
  • 124
    • 77954512935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing imiquimod for treating actinic keratosis of the full face or balding scalp: Imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% applied daily for two 2-week or 3-week cycles
    • Presented at: The 12th, May 3-6, Tel-Aviv, Israel
    • Swanson N, Rosen T, Berman B, et al. Optimizing imiquimod for treating actinic keratosis of the full face or balding scalp: imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% applied daily for two 2-week or 3-week cycles. Presented at: The 12th World Congress on Cancers of the Skin; May 3-6, 2009; Tel-Aviv, Israel.
    • (2009) World Congress On Cancers of The Skin;
    • Swanson, N.1    Rosen, T.2    Berman, B.3
  • 125
    • 77954504863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve month sustained clearance of actinic keratoses of the full face or balding scalp after imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% applied daily for two 2-week or 3-week cycles
    • Presented at, Waikaloa, Hawaii
    • Swanson N, Hanke CW, Berman B, et al. Twelve month sustained clearance of actinic keratoses of the full face or balding scalp after imiquimod 2.5% and 3.75% applied daily for two 2-week or 3-week cycles. Presented at: The Hawaii Dermatology Seminar; February 2010; Waikaloa, Hawaii.
    • (2010) The Hawaii Dermatology Seminar; February
    • Swanson, N.1    Hanke, C.W.2    Berman, B.3
  • 126
    • 33646531439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Patel GK, Goodwin R, Chawla M, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream monotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(6):1025-1032.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Patel, G.K.1    Goodwin, R.2    Chawla, M.3
  • 127
    • 34147137132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Bowen's disease with topical 5% imiquimod cream: Retrospective study
    • Rosen T, Harting M, Gibson M. Treatment of Bowen's disease with topical 5% imiquimod cream: retrospective study. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33(4):427-431.
    • (2007) Dermatol Surg , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 427-431
    • Rosen, T.1    Harting, M.2    Gibson, M.3
  • 128
    • 33745843689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma
    • Peris K, Micantonio T, Fargnoli MC, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(2): 324-327.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 324-327
    • Peris, K.1    Micantonio, T.2    Fargnoli, M.C.3
  • 129
    • 0036553654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream
    • Schroeder TL, Sengelmann RD. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(4):545-548.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 545-548
    • Schroeder, T.L.1    Sengelmann, R.D.2
  • 130
    • 0036785087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis with 5% imiquimod cream: A case report
    • Orengo I, Rosen T, Guill CK. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis with 5% imiquimod cream: a case report. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(4 Suppl):S225-S228.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , Issue.4
    • Orengo, I.1    Rosen, T.2    Guill, C.K.3
  • 131
    • 33847769655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of perianal Bowen's disease with imiquimod
    • van Egmond S, Hoedemaker C, Sinclair R. Successful treatment of perianal Bowen's disease with imiquimod. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46(3):318-319.
    • (2007) Int J Dermatol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 318-319
    • van Egmond, S.1    Hoedemaker, C.2    Sinclair, R.3
  • 132
    • 0036121486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Bowen's disease of the penis with imiquimod
    • Thai KE, Sinclair RD. Treatment of Bowen's disease of the penis with imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(3): 470-471.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 470-471
    • Thai, K.E.1    Sinclair, R.D.2
  • 133
    • 49049088796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowen's disease of the penis treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream
    • Taliaferro SJ, Cohen GF. Bowen's disease of the penis treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(5):483-485.
    • (2008) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 483-485
    • Taliaferro, S.J.1    Cohen, G.F.2
  • 134
    • 0035139352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod and 5% fluorouracil therapy for anal and perianal squamous cell carcinoma in situ in an HIV-1-positive man
    • Pehoushek J, Smith KJ. Imiquimod and 5% fluorouracil therapy for anal and perianal squamous cell carcinoma in situ in an HIV-1-positive man. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(1):14-16.
    • (2001) Arch Dermatol , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-16
    • Pehoushek, J.1    Smith, K.J.2
  • 135
    • 23244449225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowen disease of the eyelid successfully treated with imiquimod
    • Brannan PA, Anderson HK, Kersten RC, et al. Bowen disease of the eyelid successfully treated with imiquimod. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;21(4):321-322.
    • (2005) Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-322
    • Brannan, P.A.1    Anderson, H.K.2    Kersten, R.C.3
  • 136
    • 1842586464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of large facial Bowen's disease: Case report
    • Suppl
    • Kossard S. Treatment of large facial Bowen's disease: case report. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28 Suppl 1:13-15.
    • (2003) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-15
    • Kossard, S.1
  • 137
    • 36448956492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of imiquimod 5% cream in Bowen's disease
    • Prabhu S, Rao R, Sripathi H, et al. Successful use of imiquimod 5% cream in Bowen's disease. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2007;73(6):423-425.
    • (2007) Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 423-425
    • Prabhu, S.1    Rao, R.2    Sripathi, H.3
  • 138
    • 0034973036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) in renal transplant patients treated with 5% imiquimod and 5% 5-fluorouracil therapy
    • Smith KJ, Germain M, Skelton H. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) in renal transplant patients treated with 5% imiquimod and 5% 5-fluorouracil therapy. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(6):561-564.
    • (2001) Dermatol Surg , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 561-564
    • Smith, K.J.1    Germain, M.2    Skelton, H.3
  • 139
    • 57049088647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexisting perianal squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, and condylomata acuminata treated with topical imiquimod 5%
    • Murua AA, González LC, García-Río I, et al. Coexisting perianal squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, and condylomata acuminata treated with topical imiquimod 5%. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(12):1334-1336.
    • (2008) Int J Dermatol , vol.47 , Issue.12 , pp. 1334-1336
    • Murua, A.A.1    González, L.C.2    García-Río, I.3
  • 140
    • 33646461545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma with 5-percent imiquimod cream
    • Konstantopoulou M, Lord MG, Macfarlane AW. Treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma with 5-percent imiquimod cream. Dermatol Online J. 2006;12(3):10.
    • (2006) Dermatol Online J , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 10
    • Konstantopoulou, M.1    Lord, M.G.2    Macfarlane, A.W.3
  • 141
    • 1342266717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod for the treatment of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma
    • Nouri K, O'Connell C, Rivas MP. Imiquimod for the treatment of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. J Drugs Dermatol. 2003;2(6):669-673.
    • (2003) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 669-673
    • Nouri, K.1    O'Connell, C.2    Rivas, M.P.3
  • 142
    • 18244373976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod: An effective alternative for the treatment of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
    • Martin-Garcia RF. Imiquimod: an effective alternative for the treatment of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(3):371-374.
    • (2005) Dermatol Surg , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-374
    • Martin-Garcia, R.F.1
  • 143
    • 0742289604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma treated with topical imiquimod 5%
    • Oster-Schmidt C. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma treated with topical imiquimod 5%. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18(1):93-95.
    • (2004) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-95
    • Oster-Schmidt, C.1
  • 144
    • 1842787097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma using topical imiquimod
    • Hengge UR, Schaller J. Successful treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma using topical imiquimod. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:404-406.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 404-406
    • Hengge, U.R.1    Schaller, J.2
  • 145
    • 2442635010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive squamous cell carcinoma treated with imiquimod 5% cream
    • Flórez Á, Feal C, de la Torre C, Cruces M. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma treated with imiquimod 5% cream. Acta Derm Venereol. 2004;84:227-228.
    • (2004) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.84 , pp. 227-228
    • Flórez, Á.1    Feal, C.2    de la Torre, C.3    Cruces, M.4
  • 146
    • 33644815097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy of cutaneous cell carcinoma in two retirement home residents
    • Oster-Schmidt C, Dirschka T. Therapy of cutaneous cell carcinoma in two retirement home residents. J Dtsch Dermatol. 2005;3(9):705-708.
    • (2005) J Dtsch Dermatol , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 705-708
    • Oster-Schmidt, C.1    Dirschka, T.2
  • 147
    • 2342473348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies
    • Geisse J, Caro I, Lindholm J, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(5):722-733.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 722-733
    • Geisse, J.1    Caro, I.2    Lindholm, J.3
  • 148
    • 0032694077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream
    • Beutner KR, Geisse JK, Helman D, et al. Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(6):1002-1007.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 1002-1007
    • Beutner, K.R.1    Geisse, J.K.2    Helman, D.3
  • 149
    • 0036737628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study
    • Geisse JK, Rich P, Pandya A, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(3):390-398.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-398
    • Geisse, J.K.1    Rich, P.2    Pandya, A.3
  • 150
    • 18944395052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe
    • Schulze HJ, Cribier B, Requena L, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from a randomized vehicle-controlled phase III study in Europe. Br J Dermatol. 2005;152(5):939-947.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.152 , Issue.5 , pp. 939-947
    • Schulze, H.J.1    Cribier, B.2    Requena, L.3
  • 151
    • 0036715342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: Comparison of dosing regimens
    • Shumack S, Robinson J, Kossard S, et al. Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: comparison of dosing regimens. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138(9): 1165-1171.
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , Issue.9 , pp. 1165-1171
    • Shumack, S.1    Robinson, J.2    Kossard, S.3
  • 152
    • 0036886426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: Randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion
    • Sterry W, Ruzicka T, Herrera E, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: randomized studies comparing low-frequency dosing with and without occlusion. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147(6): 1227-1236.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.147 , Issue.6 , pp. 1227-1236
    • Sterry, W.1    Ruzicka, T.2    Herrera, E.3
  • 153
    • 73149117784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
    • Love WE, Bernhard JD, Bordeaux JS. Topical imiquimod or fluorouracil therapy for basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(12):1431-1438.
    • (2009) Arch Dermatol , vol.145 , Issue.12 , pp. 1431-1438
    • Love, W.E.1    Bernhard, J.D.2    Bordeaux, J.S.3
  • 154
    • 0029099053 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine induction by the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609
    • Testerman TL, Gerster JF, Imbertson LM, et al. Cytokine induction by the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609. J Leukoc Biol. 1995;58:365-372.
    • (1995) J Leukoc Biol , vol.58 , pp. 365-372
    • Testerman, T.L.1    Gerster, J.F.2    Imbertson, L.M.3
  • 155
    • 0028875151 scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of the imidazoquinoline S-28463
    • Tomai MA, Gibson SJ, Imbertson LM, et al. Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of the imidazoquinoline S-28463. Antiviral Res. 1995;28:253-264.
    • (1995) Antiviral Res , vol.28 , pp. 253-264
    • Tomai, M.A.1    Gibson, S.J.2    Imbertson, L.M.3
  • 157
    • 45749148641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis
    • Szeimies RM, Bichel J, Ortonne JP, et al. A phase II dose-ranging study of topical resiquimod to treat actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(1):205-210.
    • (2008) Br J Dermatol , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 205-210
    • Szeimies, R.M.1    Bichel, J.2    Ortonne, J.P.3
  • 158
    • 12344290175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor activity of 3-ingenyl angelate: Plasma membrane and mitochondrial disruption and necrotic cell death
    • Ogbourne SM, Suhrbier A, Jones B, et al. Antitumor activity of 3-ingenyl angelate: plasma membrane and mitochondrial disruption and necrotic cell death. Cancer Res. 2004;64(8):2833-2839.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , Issue.8 , pp. 2833-2839
    • Ogbourne, S.M.1    Suhrbier, A.2    Jones, B.3
  • 159
    • 58249101137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEP005 (ingenol mebutate) gel, a novel agent for the treatment of actinic keratosis: Results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicentre, phase IIa study
    • Siller G, Gebauer K, Welburn P, et al. PEP005 (ingenol mebutate) gel, a novel agent for the treatment of actinic keratosis: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicentre, phase IIa study. Australas J Dermatol. 2009;50(1):16-22.
    • (2009) Australas J Dermatol , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-22
    • Siller, G.1    Gebauer, K.2    Welburn, P.3
  • 160
    • 0017163186 scopus 로고
    • Home treatment of basal cell carcinoma
    • Weedon D, Chick J. Home treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Med J Aust. 1976;1:928.
    • (1976) Med J Aust , vol.1 , pp. 928
    • Weedon, D.1    Chick, J.2
  • 161
    • 0024151015 scopus 로고
    • Home treatment of skin cancer and solar keratoses
    • Green AC, Beardmore GL. Home treatment of skin cancer and solar keratoses. Australas J Dermatol. 1988;29:127-130.
    • (1988) Australas J Dermatol , vol.29 , pp. 127-130
    • Green, A.C.1    Beardmore, G.L.2
  • 162
    • 0038456210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptors and melanoma resistance to apoptosis
    • Ivanov VN, Bhoumik A, Ronai Z. Death receptors and melanoma resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene. 2003;22:3152-3161.
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 3152-3161
    • Ivanov, V.N.1    Bhoumik, A.2    Ronai, Z.3
  • 163
    • 0037169358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy
    • Johnstone RW, Ruefli AA, Lowe SW. Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell. 2002;108:153-164.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.108 , pp. 153-164
    • Johnstone, R.W.1    Ruefli, A.A.2    Lowe, S.W.3
  • 164
    • 33751583347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophils are a key component of the antitumor efficacy of topical chemotherapy with ingenol-3-angelate
    • Challacombe JM, Suhrbier A, Parsons PG, et al. Neutrophils are a key component of the antitumor efficacy of topical chemotherapy with ingenol-3-angelate. J Immunol. 2006;177(11):8123-8132.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.177 , Issue.11 , pp. 8123-8132
    • Challacombe, J.M.1    Suhrbier, A.2    Parsons, P.G.3
  • 165
    • 65749118370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, vehicle-controlled study of ingenol mebutate gel 0.025% and 0.05% for actinic keratosis
    • Anderson L, Schmieder GJ, Werschler WP, et al. Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, vehicle-controlled study of ingenol mebutate gel 0.025% and 0.05% for actinic keratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(6):934-943.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 934-943
    • Anderson, L.1    Schmieder, G.J.2    Werschler, W.P.3
  • 166
    • 77954498891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005
    • (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.015% in patients with actinic keratoses on the head (face or scalp) (region-IIa)., Accessed on: March 4,
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005 (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.015% in patients with actinic keratoses on the head (face or scalp) (region-IIa). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00916006. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00916006. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00916006
  • 167
    • 77954498891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005
    • (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.015% in patients with actinic keratoses on the head (face or scalp) (region-IIb)., Accessed on: March 4
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005 (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.015% in patients with actinic keratoses on the head (face or scalp) (region-IIb). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00915551. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00915551. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00915551
  • 168
    • 77954476020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-center, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PEP005
    • (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.05% in patients with actinic keratoses on non-head locations (trunk and extremities)., Accessed on: March 4
    • A multi-center, open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PEP005 (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.05% in patients with actinic keratoses on non-head locations (trunk and extremities). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00917306. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00917306. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00917306
  • 169
    • 77954498891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005
    • (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.05%, in patients with actinic keratoses on n-head locations (region-Ib), Accessed on: March 4
    • A multi-center, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEP005 (Ingenol Mebutate) gel, 0.05%, in patients with actinic keratoses on n-head locations (region-Ib). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00942604. http:// www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00942604. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00942604
  • 170
    • 0032610169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic targets of cancer chemoprevention: Interruption of tumor development by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism
    • Marks F, Fürstenberger G, Müller-Decker K. Metabolic targets of cancer chemoprevention: interruption of tumor development by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1999;151:45-67.
    • (1999) Recent Results Cancer Res , vol.151 , pp. 45-67
    • Marks, F.1    Fürstenberger, G.2    Müller-Decker, K.3
  • 171
    • 0033973713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathology of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoplasia
    • Fosslien E. Molecular pathology of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoplasia. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2000;30(1):3-21.
    • (2000) Ann Clin Lab Sci , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-21
    • Fosslien, E.1
  • 172
    • 0036837835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclooxygenase inhibitors block cell growth, increase ceramide and inhibit cell cycle
    • Kundu N, Smyth MJ, Samsel L, Fulton AM. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors block cell growth, increase ceramide and inhibit cell cycle. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;76(1):57-64.
    • (2002) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-64
    • Kundu, N.1    Smyth, M.J.2    Samsel, L.3    Fulton, A.M.4
  • 173
    • 10744231656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in murine and human nonmelanoma skin cancers: Implications for therapeutic approaches
    • An KP, Athar M, Tang X, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in murine and human nonmelanoma skin cancers: implications for therapeutic approaches. Photochem Photobiol. 2002;76(1):73-80.
    • (2002) Photochem Photobiol , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-80
    • An, K.P.1    Athar, M.2    Tang, X.3
  • 174
    • 0030841385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open study to assess the efficacy and safety of topical 3% diclofenac in a 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses
    • Rivers JK, McLean DI. An open study to assess the efficacy and safety of topical 3% diclofenac in a 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133(10):1239-1242.
    • (1997) Arch Dermatol , vol.133 , Issue.10 , pp. 1239-1242
    • Rivers, J.K.1    McLean, D.I.2
  • 175
    • 0035659622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses
    • Wolf JE Jr, Taylor JR, Tschen E, Kang S. Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol. 2001;40(11):709-713.
    • (2001) Int J Dermatol , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 709-713
    • Wolf Jr., J.E.1    Taylor, J.R.2    Tschen, E.3    Kang, S.4
  • 176
    • 0030859691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical diclofenac/hyaluronic acid gel in the treatment of solar keratoses
    • McEwan LE, Smith JG. Topical diclofenac/hyaluronic acid gel in the treatment of solar keratoses. Australas J Dermatol. 1997;38(4):187-189.
    • (1997) Australas J Dermatol , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 187-189
    • McEwan, L.E.1    Smith, J.G.2
  • 177
    • 33646204466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp
    • Smith SR, Morhenn VB, Piacquadio DJ. Bilateral comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the face and scalp. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5(2):156-159.
    • (2006) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 156-159
    • Smith, S.R.1    Morhenn, V.B.2    Piacquadio, D.J.3
  • 178
    • 45849132060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis
    • Kose O, Koc E, Erbil AH, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2008;19(3):159-163.
    • (2008) J Dermatolog Treat , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 159-163
    • Kose, O.1    Koc, E.2    Erbil, A.H.3
  • 179
    • 1342311511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel for the treatment ofactinic keratoses
    • Rivers JK. Topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel for the treatment ofactinic keratoses. Skin Therapy Lett. 2004;9(1):1-3.
    • (2004) Skin Therapy Lett , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Rivers, J.K.1
  • 180
    • 52449126834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diclofenac sodium 3% gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses postcryosurgery
    • Berlin JM, Rigel DS. Diclofenac sodium 3% gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses postcryosurgery. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(7):669-673.
    • (2008) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 669-673
    • Berlin, J.M.1    Rigel, D.S.2
  • 181
    • 0036178561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel
    • Rivers JK, Arlette J, Shear N, et al. Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146(1):94-100.
    • (2002) Br J Dermatol , vol.146 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-100
    • Rivers, J.K.1    Arlette, J.2    Shear, N.3
  • 182
    • 65449130055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on non-melanoma skin cancer incidence in the SKICAP-AK trial
    • Clouser MC, Roe DJ, Foote JA, et al. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on non-melanoma skin cancer incidence in the SKICAP-AK trial. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(4):276-283.
    • (2009) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 276-283
    • Clouser, M.C.1    Roe, D.J.2    Foote, J.A.3
  • 183
    • 27144452276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of Bowen's disease successfully treated topically with 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel
    • Dawe SA, Salisbury JR, Higgins E. Two cases of Bowen's disease successfully treated topically with 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30(6):712-713.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 712-713
    • Dawe, S.A.1    Salisbury, J.R.2    Higgins, E.3
  • 184
    • 34247352956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does progression from actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease end with treatment
    • diclofenac 3% gel, an old drug in a new environment?
    • Patel MJ, Stockfleth E. Does progression from actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease end with treatment: diclofenac 3% gel, an old drug in a new environment? Br J Dermatol. 2007;156 Suppl 3:53-56.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.156 , Issue.3 , pp. 53-56
    • Patel, M.J.1    Stockfleth, E.2
  • 185
    • 56749130019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowen's disease-a review of newer treatment options
    • Neubert T, Lehmann P. Bowen's disease-a review of newer treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(5): 1085-1095.
    • (2008) Ther Clin Risk Manag , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 1085-1095
    • Neubert, T.1    Lehmann, P.2
  • 186
    • 1842531376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celecoxib: A potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in cancer prevention
    • Kismet K, Akay MT, Abbasoglu O, Ercan A. Celecoxib: a potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in cancer prevention. Cancer Detect Prev. 2004;28(2):127-142.
    • (2004) Cancer Detect Prev , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-142
    • Kismet, K.1    Akay, M.T.2    Abbasoglu, O.3    Ercan, A.4
  • 187
    • 77954464569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of celecoxib in subjects with actinic keratoses
    • Accessed on: March 4,
    • A phase II/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of celecoxib in subjects with actinic keratoses. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00027976. http://clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00027976. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00027976
  • 188
    • 77954463933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of Celecoxib in subjects with basal cell nevus syndrome
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of Celecoxib in subjects with basal cell nevus syndrome. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023621. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00023621. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023621
  • 189
    • 58149240781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of betulin, the main pentacyclic triterpene from extract of outer bark of birch (Betulae alba cortex)
    • Jäger S, Laszczyk MN, Scheffler A. A preliminary pharmacokinetic study of betulin, the main pentacyclic triterpene from extract of outer bark of birch (Betulae alba cortex). Molecules. 2008;13(12): 3224-3235.
    • (2008) Molecules , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 3224-3235
    • Jäger, S.1    Laszczyk, M.N.2    Scheffler, A.3
  • 190
    • 33751330871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birch bark research and development
    • Krasutsky PA. Birch bark research and development. Nat Prod Rep. 2006;23(6):919-942.
    • (2006) Nat Prod Rep , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 919-942
    • Krasutsky, P.A.1
  • 191
    • 59249107100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of actinic keratoses with a novel betulin-based oleogel. A prospective, randomized, comparative pilot study
    • Huyke C, Reuter J, Rödig M, et al. Treatment of actinic keratoses with a novel betulin-based oleogel. A prospective, randomized, comparative pilot study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2009;7(2):128-133.
    • (2009) J Dtsch Dermatol Ges , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-133
    • Huyke, C.1    Reuter, J.2    Rödig, M.3
  • 192
    • 0031723219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The teratogenic Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine inhibits sonic hedgehog signal transduction
    • Incardona JP, Gaffield W, Kapur RP, Roelink H. The teratogenic Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine inhibits sonic hedgehog signal transduction. Development. 1998;125(18): 3553-3562.
    • (1998) Development , vol.125 , Issue.18 , pp. 3553-3562
    • Incardona, J.P.1    Gaffield, W.2    Kapur, R.P.3    Roelink, H.4
  • 193
    • 18244387256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclopamine as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of tumors related to hedgehog pathway mutations
    • Miller SJ, Yu TC. Cyclopamine as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of tumors related to hedgehog pathway mutations. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(2):187.
    • (2002) Dermatol Surg , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 187
    • Miller, S.J.1    Yu, T.C.2
  • 194
    • 0034695567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More surprises in the hedgehog signaling pathway
    • McMahon AP. More surprises in the hedgehog signaling pathway. Cell. 2000;100(2):185-188.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-188
    • McMahon, A.P.1
  • 195
    • 35848929300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between the Sonic hedgehog pathway and basal cell carcinoma
    • Lupi O. Correlations between the Sonic hedgehog pathway and basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46(11): 1113-1117.
    • (2007) Int J Dermatol , vol.46 , Issue.11 , pp. 1113-1117
    • Lupi, O.1
  • 196
    • 77649219333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the scalpel: Targeting hedgehog in skin cancer prevention
    • Rudin CM. Beyond the scalpel: targeting hedgehog in skin cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2010;3(1): 1-3.
    • (2010) Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Rudin, C.M.1
  • 197
    • 52649111039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal cell carcinomas: Attack of the hedgehog
    • Epstein EH. Basal cell carcinomas: attack of the hedgehog. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(10):743-754.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 743-754
    • Epstein, E.H.1
  • 198
    • 15844381336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome
    • Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie J, et al. Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome. Science. 1996;272(5268):1668-1671.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , Issue.5268 , pp. 1668-1671
    • Johnson, R.L.1    Rothman, A.L.2    Xie, J.3
  • 199
    • 70349238733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the hedgehog pathway in advanced basal-cell carcinoma
    • Von Hoff DD, LoRusso PM, Rudin CM, et al. Inhibition of the hedgehog pathway in advanced basal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1164-1172.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , Issue.12 , pp. 1164-1172
    • von Hoff, D.D.1    Lorusso, P.M.2    Rudin, C.M.3
  • 200
    • 70349237014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Following the hedgehog to new cancer therapies
    • Dlugosz AA, Talpaz M. Following the hedgehog to new cancer therapies. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1202-1205.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , Issue.12 , pp. 1202-1205
    • Dlugosz, A.A.1    Talpaz, M.2
  • 201
    • 70349244812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of medulloblastoma with hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449
    • Rudin CM, Hann CL, Laterra J, et al. Treatment of medulloblastoma with hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1173-1178.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , Issue.12 , pp. 1173-1178
    • Rudin, C.M.1    Hann, C.L.2    Laterra, J.3
  • 202
    • 77954480323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, phase II multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a systemic hedgehog pathway antagonist
    • (GDC-0449) in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), Accessed on: March 4
    • A randomized, phase II multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a systemic hedgehog pathway antagonist (GDC-0449) in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957229. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00957229. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957229
  • 203
    • 77954472327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label, multicenter extension study of GDC-0449 (hedgehog pathway inhibitor) in patients treated with GDC-0449 in a previous Genentech-sponsored phase I or phase II cancer study
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • An open-label, multicenter extension study of GDC-0449 (hedgehog pathway inhibitor) in patients treated with GDC-0449 in a previous Genentech-sponsored phase I or phase II cancer study. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00959647. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00959647. Accessed on: March 4, 2010
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00959647
  • 204
    • 46749142039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy: Off-label and alternative use in dermatological practice
    • Buggiani G, Troiano M, Rossi R, et al. Photodynamic therapy: off-label and alternative use in dermatological practice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2008;5(2):134-138.
    • (2008) Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 134-138
    • Buggiani, G.1    Troiano, M.2    Rossi, R.3
  • 205
    • 46749155782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of skin cancer and pre-cancer using topical ALA-PDT-a single hospital experience
    • Wang XL, Wang HW, Guo MX et al. Treatment of skin cancer and pre-cancer using topical ALA-PDT-a single hospital experience. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2008;5(2): 127-133.
    • (2008) Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-133
    • Wang, X.L.1    Wang, H.W.2    Guo, M.X.3
  • 206
    • 0036697139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl 5-aminolevulinate compared with cryotherapy for actinic keratosis: A prospective, randomized study
    • Szeimies RM, Karrer S, Radakovic-Fijan S, et al. Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl 5-aminolevulinate compared with cryotherapy for actinic keratosis: a prospective, randomized study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(2):258-262.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-262
    • Szeimies, R.M.1    Karrer, S.2    Radakovic-Fijan, S.3
  • 207
    • 0348129530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of short incubation, broad-area photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses and diffuse photodamage
    • Touma D, Yaar M, Whitehead S, Konnikov N, et al. A trial of short incubation, broad-area photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses and diffuse photodamage. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(1):33-40.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-40
    • Touma, D.1    Yaar, M.2    Whitehead, S.3    Konnikov, N.4
  • 208
    • 33845701344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: An international consensus. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology, 2005
    • Braathen LR, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: an international consensus. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology, 2005. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(1):125-143.
    • (2007) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-143
    • Braathen, L.R.1    Szeimies, R.M.2    Basset-Seguin, N.3
  • 209
    • 9144225389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: Investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials
    • Piacquadio DJ, Chen DM, Farber HF, et al. Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid topical solution and visible blue light in the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: investigator-blinded, phase 3, multicenter trials. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(1):41-46.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Piacquadio, D.J.1    Chen, D.M.2    Farber, H.F.3
  • 210
    • 72749105409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cancer: Preventive photodynamic therapy in patients with face and scalp cancerization. A randomized placebo controlled study
    • Epub, 2009 Oct 26
    • Apalla Z, Sotiriou E, Chovarda E, et al. Skin cancer: preventive photodynamic therapy in patients with face and scalp cancerization. A randomized placebo controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(1):171-175. Epub 2009 Oct 26.
    • (2010) Br J Dermatol , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 171-175
    • Apalla, Z.1    Sotiriou, E.2    Chovarda, E.3
  • 211
    • 0037328759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl aminolevulinate for actinic keratosis: Results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial
    • Pariser DM, Lowe NJ, Stewart DM, et al. Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl aminolevulinate for actinic keratosis: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(2):227-232.
    • (2003) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-232
    • Pariser, D.M.1    Lowe, N.J.2    Stewart, D.M.3
  • 212
    • 25144511078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized multicenter study to compare two treatment regimens of topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix)-PDT in actinic keratosis of the face and scalp
    • Tarstedt M, Rosdahl I, Berne B, et al. A randomized multicenter study to compare two treatment regimens of topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix)-PDT in actinic keratosis of the face and scalp. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005;85(5): 424-428.
    • (2005) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.85 , Issue.5 , pp. 424-428
    • Tarstedt, M.1    Rosdahl, I.2    Berne, B.3
  • 213
    • 12444321967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: A prospective, randomized study
    • Freeman M, Vinciullo C, Francis D, et al. A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a prospective, randomized study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14(2): 99-106.
    • (2003) J Dermatolog Treat , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Freeman, M.1    Vinciullo, C.2    Francis, D.3
  • 215
    • 68749122243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraindividual, right-left comparison of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy vs. 5% imiquimod cream for actinic keratoses on the upper extremities
    • Epub Apr 8
    • Sotiriou E, Apalla Z, Maliamani F, et al. Intraindividual, right-left comparison of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy vs. 5% imiquimod cream for actinic keratoses on the upper extremities. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(9):1061-1065. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
    • (2009) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.23 , Issue.9
    • Sotiriou, E.1    Apalla, Z.2    Maliamani, F.3
  • 216
    • 60849138793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of actinic keratoses with sequential use of photodynamic therapy; and imiquimod 5% cream
    • Shaffelburg M. Treatment of actinic keratoses with sequential use of photodynamic therapy; and imiquimod 5% cream. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8(1):35-39.
    • (2009) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-39
    • Shaffelburg, M.1
  • 217
    • 41149179664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractionated aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy provides additional evidence for the use of PDT for non-melanoma skin cancer
    • de Haas ER, de Vijlder HC, Sterenborg HJ, et al. Fractionated aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy provides additional evidence for the use of PDT for non-melanoma skin cancer. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(4): 426-430.
    • (2008) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 426-430
    • de Haas, E.R.1    de Vijlder, H.C.2    Sterenborg, H.J.3
  • 218
    • 67649908744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open pilot study of ambulatory photodynamic therapy using a wearable low-irradiance organic light-emitting diode light source in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer
    • Attili SK, Lesar A, McNeill A, et al. An open pilot study of ambulatory photodynamic therapy using a wearable low-irradiance organic light-emitting diode light source in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(1):170-173.
    • (2009) Br J Dermatol , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 170-173
    • Attili, S.K.1    Lesar, A.2    McNeill, A.3
  • 219
    • 77954531709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, evaluator-blinded, parallel group comparison of PDT with Levulan topical solution plus blue light versus Levulan Topical Solution Vehicle plus blue light for the treatment of AK and reduction of new NMSC in organ transplant recipients
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Marcus SL. A randomized, evaluator-blinded, parallel group comparison of PDT with Levulan topical solution plus blue light versus Levulan Topical Solution Vehicle plus blue light for the treatment of AK and reduction of new NMSC in organ transplant recipients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00865878.http:// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00865878.Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00865878
    • Marcus, S.L.1
  • 220
    • 33747626714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial resurfacing for non-melanoma skin cancer prophylaxis
    • Hantash BM, Stewart DB, Cooper ZA, et al. Facial resurfacing for non-melanoma skin cancer prophylaxis. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(8):976-982.
    • (2006) Arch Dermatol , vol.142 , Issue.8 , pp. 976-982
    • Hantash, B.M.1    Stewart, D.B.2    Cooper, Z.A.3
  • 221
    • 0030667017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon dioxide laser. An alternative for the treatment of actinically damaged skin
    • Trimas SJ, Ellis DA, Metz RD. The carbon dioxide laser. An alternative for the treatment of actinically damaged skin. Dermatol Surg. 1997;23(10):885-889.
    • (1997) Dermatol Surg , vol.23 , Issue.10 , pp. 885-889
    • Trimas, S.J.1    Ellis, D.A.2    Metz, R.D.3
  • 222
    • 0033037208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case report of laser resurfacing as a skin cancer prophylaxis
    • Massey RA, Eliezri YD. A case report of laser resurfacing as a skin cancer prophylaxis. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25(6): 513-516.
    • (1999) Dermatol Surg , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 513-516
    • Massey, R.A.1    Eliezri, Y.D.2
  • 223
    • 1542343889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full face laser resurfacing: Therapy and prophylaxis for actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer
    • Iyer S, Friedli A, Bowes L, et al. Full face laser resurfacing: therapy and prophylaxis for actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;34(2): 114-119.
    • (2004) Lasers Surg Med , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-119
    • Iyer, S.1    Friedli, A.2    Bowes, L.3
  • 224
    • 33645075753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence rates and long-term follow-up after laser resurfacing as a treatment for widespread actinic keratoses on the face and scalp
    • Ostertag JU, Quaedvlieg PJ, Neumann MH, et al. Recurrence rates and long-term follow-up after laser resurfacing as a treatment for widespread actinic keratoses on the face and scalp. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(2):261-267.
    • (2006) Dermatol Surg , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-267
    • Ostertag, J.U.1    Quaedvlieg, P.J.2    Neumann, M.H.3
  • 226
    • 51049101051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowen's disease treated by carbon dioxide laser. A series of 44 patients
    • Covadonga Martínez-González M, del Pozo J, Paradela S, et al. Bowen's disease treated by carbon dioxide laser. A series of 44 patients. J Dermatolog Treat. 2008;19(5):293-299.
    • (2008) J Dermatolog Treat , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 293-299
    • Covadonga, M.G.M.1    del Pozo, J.2    Paradela, S.3
  • 227
    • 65349093366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of facial skin cancer treatment with high-energy pulsed neodymium and Nd:YAG lasers
    • Moskalik K, Kozlov A, Demin E, et al. The efficacy of facial skin cancer treatment with high-energy pulsed neodymium and Nd:YAG lasers. Photomed Laser Surg. 2009;27(2): 345-349.
    • (2009) Photomed Laser Surg , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 345-349
    • Moskalik, K.1    Kozlov, A.2    Demin, E.3
  • 228
    • 33746160662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhuang L, et al. [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone significantly increased pigmentation and decreased UV damage in fair-skinned Caucasian volunteers
    • Barnetson RS, Ooi TK, Zhuang L, et al. [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone significantly increased pigmentation and decreased UV damage in fair-skinned Caucasian volunteers. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126(8): 1869-1878.
    • (2006) J Invest Dermatol , vol.126 , Issue.8 , pp. 1869-1878
    • Barnetson, R.S.1    Ooi, T.K.2
  • 229
    • 0000448866 scopus 로고
    • Hruby VJ, et al. 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: A highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity
    • Sawyer TK, Sanfilippo PJ, Hruby VJ, et al. 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980;77(10):5754--578.
    • (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.77 , Issue.10 , pp. 5754-5578
    • Sawyer, T.K.1    Sanfilippo, P.J.2
  • 230
    • 77954504200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CT-2) A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous bioresorbable Implants of Afamelanotide (CUV1647) for the Prophylactic
    • Treatment of Pre-Cancerous Skin Lesions of the Head, Forearms and Hands in Immune Compromised, Organ Transplant Patients., Accessed on: March 4,
    • CT-2) A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous bioresorbable Implants of Afamelanotide (CUV1647) for the Prophylactic Treatment of Pre-Cancerous Skin Lesions of the Head, Forearms and Hands in Immune Compromised, Organ Transplant Patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00829192. http:// www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/show/NCT00829192. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00829192
  • 231
    • 74949131241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor gene numerical aberrations are frequent events in actinic keratoses and invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas
    • Toll A, Salgado R, Yébenes M, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene numerical aberrations are frequent events in actinic keratoses and invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(2):151-153.
    • (2010) Exp Dermatol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-153
    • Toll, A.1    Salgado, R.2    Yébenes, M.3
  • 232
    • 33748913430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor associated skin eruption
    • Seiverling EV, Fernanadez EM, Adams D. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor associated skin eruption. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5(4):368-369.
    • (2006) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 368-369
    • Seiverling, E.V.1    Fernanadez, E.M.2    Adams, D.3
  • 233
    • 0142055937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized trial
    • Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, et al. Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003 Oct 22;290(16): 2149-2158.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.16 , pp. 2149-2158
    • Kris, M.G.1    Natale, R.B.2    Herbst, R.S.3
  • 234
    • 77954507810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase Study of ZD1839 (iressa), epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
    • A phase II study of ZD1839 (Iressa), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcin- oma of the skin. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00054691.http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT00054691. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT00054691 , pp. 4
  • 235
    • 77954475080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase III trial of Erlotinib and radiotherapy in patients with stage III cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • A phase III trial of Erlotinib and radiotherapy in patients with stage III cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00369512. http://www. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00369512. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00369512
  • 236
    • 77954530679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter randomized phase II study of Erlotinib, Cisplatin and radiotherapy versus Cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
    • Accessed on: March 4,
    • Multicenter randomized phase II study of Erlotinib, Cisplatin and radiotherapy versus Cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01009489. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01009489. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01009489
  • 237
    • 77954526380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of Bevacizumab/Tarceva and Tarceva/Sulindac in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Randomized study of Bevacizumab/Tarceva and Tarceva/Sulindac in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00392665. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00392665. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00392665
  • 238
    • 77954529589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II study of secondary primary tumor prevention with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine kinase inhibitor Erlotinib (OSI-774, Tarceva™), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor
    • (Celecoxib) in early stage (stage I/II) squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck., Accessed on: March 4
    • Phase I/II study of secondary primary tumor prevention with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine kinase inhibitor Erlotinib (OSI-774, Tarceva™), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor (Celecoxib) in early stage (stage I/II) squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00400374. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT00400374. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00400374
  • 239
    • 77954484911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of Cetuximab as monotherapy and first line Treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin expressing EGFR
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Phase II study of Cetuximab as monotherapy and first line Treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin expressing EGFR. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00240682. http://www. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00240682. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00240682
  • 240
    • 77954461963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2, single-arm, open-label, multi-center trial of second-line panitumumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
    • Accessed on: March 4,
    • Phase 2, single-arm, open-label, multi-center trial of second-line panitumumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00446446. http://www. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00446446. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00446446
  • 241
    • 77954504862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, open-label, controlled, phase II trial of combination chemotherapy with or without panitumumab as first-line treatment of subjects with metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer, and cross-over second-line panitumumab monotherapy of subjects who fail the combination chemotherapy
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • A randomized, open-label, controlled, phase II trial of combination chemotherapy with or without panitumumab as first-line treatment of subjects with metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer, and cross-over second-line panitumumab monotherapy of subjects who fail the combination chemotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00454779. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00454779. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00454779
  • 242
    • 77954529967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I study panitumumab plus chemoradiotherapy and induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • Phase I study panitumumab plus chemoradiotherapy and induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00513383. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/show/NCT00513383. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00513383
  • 243
    • 77954526017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 2 randomized trial of radiotherapy plus panitumumab compared to chemoradiotherapy with unresected, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • A phase 2 randomized trial of radiotherapy plus panitumumab compared to chemoradiotherapy with unresected, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00547157. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT00547157. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00547157
  • 244
    • 77954463563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II trial of postoperative radiation, cisplatin, and panitumumab in locally advanced head and neck cancer
    • Accessed on: March 4
    • A phase II trial of postoperative radiation, cisplatin, and panitumumab in locally advanced head and neck cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798655. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00798655. Accessed on: March 4, 2010.
    • (2010) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00798655
  • 245
    • 77954474437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of capecitabine in secondary prevention of skin cancer in solid organ-transplanted recipients (OTR)
    • Jirakulaporn T, Mathew J, Lindgren BR, et al. Efficacy of capecitabine in secondary prevention of skin cancer in solid organ-transplanted recipients (OTR). J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(15S):1519
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , Issue.15 , pp. 1519
    • Jirakulaporn, T.1    Mathew, J.2    Lindgren, B.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.