메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 220-238

When babies watch television: Attention-getting, attention-holding, and the implications for learning from video material

Author keywords

Attention; Attention deficit; Distractibility; Infants; Learning; Television; Toddlers

Indexed keywords


EID: 77952550271     PISSN: 02732297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (181)
  • 1
    • 34547274044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing television use and reading in children with ADHD and non-referred children across two age groups
    • Acevedo-Polakovich I.D., Lorch E.P., and Milich R. Comparing television use and reading in children with ADHD and non-referred children across two age groups. Media Psychology 9 (2007) 447-472
    • (2007) Media Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 447-472
    • Acevedo-Polakovich, I.D.1    Lorch, E.P.2    Milich, R.3
  • 2
    • 0035261197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children, adolescents, and television
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics 107 (2001) 423-425
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , pp. 423-425
    • American Academy of Pediatrics1
  • 3
    • 77952553242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Blooming, Buzzing Confusion to Media Literacy: The Early Development of Television Viewing
    • Anderson, and Hanson. From Blooming, Buzzing Confusion to Media Literacy: The Early Development of Television Viewing. Developmental Review 30 2 (2010) 239-255
    • (2010) Developmental Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-255
    • Anderson1    Hanson2
  • 4
    • 0001780840 scopus 로고
    • The effects of TV program comprehensibility on preschool children's visual attention to television
    • Anderson D.R. The effects of TV program comprehensibility on preschool children's visual attention to television. Child Development 52 (1981) 151-157
    • (1981) Child Development , vol.52 , pp. 151-157
    • Anderson, D.R.1
  • 5
    • 0032388774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational television is not an oxymoron
    • Anderson D.R. Educational television is not an oxymoron. Annals of Public Policy Research 557 (1998) 24-38
    • (1998) Annals of Public Policy Research , vol.557 , pp. 24-38
    • Anderson, D.R.1
  • 7
    • 0023359636 scopus 로고
    • Attentional inertia reduces distractibility during young children's TV viewing
    • Anderson D.R., Choi H.P., and Lorch E.P. Attentional inertia reduces distractibility during young children's TV viewing. Child Development 58 (1987) 798-806
    • (1987) Child Development , vol.58 , pp. 798-806
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Choi, H.P.2    Lorch, E.P.3
  • 8
    • 0042051765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peril and potential of media for infants
    • Anderson D.R., and Evans M.K. Peril and potential of media for infants. Zero to Three 22 (2001) 10-16
    • (2001) Zero to Three , vol.22 , pp. 10-16
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Evans, M.K.2
  • 10
    • 84940064261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and television
    • Bryant J., and Vandewater P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Anderson D.R., and Kirkorian H.L. Attention and television. In: Bryant J., and Vandewater P. (Eds). The psychology of entertainment (2006), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 35-54
    • (2006) The psychology of entertainment , pp. 35-54
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Kirkorian, H.L.2
  • 11
    • 0000651221 scopus 로고
    • Young children's attention to Sesame Street
    • Anderson D.R., and Levin S.R. Young children's attention to Sesame Street. Child Development 47 (1976) 806-811
    • (1976) Child Development , vol.47 , pp. 806-811
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Levin, S.R.2
  • 12
  • 14
    • 0001780840 scopus 로고
    • The effect of television program comprehensibility on preschool children's visual attention to television
    • Anderson D.R., Lorch E.P., Field D.E., and Sanders J. The effect of television program comprehensibility on preschool children's visual attention to television. Child Development 52 (1981) 151-157
    • (1981) Child Development , vol.52 , pp. 151-157
    • Anderson, D.R.1    Lorch, E.P.2    Field, D.E.3    Sanders, J.4
  • 17
    • 0035537454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links between social understanding and early word learning: Challenges to current accounts
    • Baldwin D.A., and Moses L.J. Links between social understanding and early word learning: Challenges to current accounts. Social Development 10 (2001) 309-329
    • (2001) Social Development , vol.10 , pp. 309-329
    • Baldwin, D.A.1    Moses, L.J.2
  • 21
    • 0030116922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in deferred imitation by 6-24-month-old infants
    • Barr R., Dowden A., and Hayne H. Developmental changes in deferred imitation by 6-24-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development 19 (1996) 159-170
    • (1996) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.19 , pp. 159-170
    • Barr, R.1    Dowden, A.2    Hayne, H.3
  • 22
    • 0033192189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in imitation from television in infancy
    • Barr R., and Hayne H. Developmental changes in imitation from television in infancy. Child Development 70 (1999) 1067-1081
    • (1999) Child Development , vol.70 , pp. 1067-1081
    • Barr, R.1    Hayne, H.2
  • 23
    • 0002641470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in deferred imitation: Implications for memory development
    • Rovee-Collier C., and Lipsitt L.P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Barr R., and Hayne H. Age-related changes in deferred imitation: Implications for memory development. In: Rovee-Collier C., and Lipsitt L.P. (Eds). Progress in infancy research (2000), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 21-67
    • (2000) Progress in infancy research , pp. 21-67
    • Barr, R.1    Hayne, H.2
  • 25
    • 77952552802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of learning between 2D and 3D sources during infancy: Informing theory and practice
    • Barr R. Transfer of learning between 2D and 3D sources during infancy: Informing theory and practice. Developmental Review 30 2 (2010) 128-154
    • (2010) Developmental Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-154
    • Barr, R.1
  • 26
    • 54949111287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-enactment of televised content by 2-year olds: Toddlers use language learned from television to solve a difficult imitation problem
    • Barr R., and Wyss N. Re-enactment of televised content by 2-year olds: Toddlers use language learned from television to solve a difficult imitation problem. Infant Behavior and Development 31 (2008) 696-702
    • (2008) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.31 , pp. 696-702
    • Barr, R.1    Wyss, N.2
  • 27
    • 41449092281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant attention and responsiveness to television increases with prior exposure and parental interaction
    • Barr R., Zack E., Garcia A., and Muentener P. Infant attention and responsiveness to television increases with prior exposure and parental interaction. Infancy 13 (2008) 30-56
    • (2008) Infancy , vol.13 , pp. 30-56
    • Barr, R.1    Zack, E.2    Garcia, A.3    Muentener, P.4
  • 29
    • 0346361695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in long-term explicit memory late in the first year of life: Behavioral and electrophysiological indices
    • Bauer P.J., Wiebe S.A., Carver L.J., Waters J.M., and Nelson C.A. Developments in long-term explicit memory late in the first year of life: Behavioral and electrophysiological indices. Psychological Science 14 (2003) 629-635
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 629-635
    • Bauer, P.J.1    Wiebe, S.A.2    Carver, L.J.3    Waters, J.M.4    Nelson, C.A.5
  • 30
    • 0001644882 scopus 로고
    • Brain development over the first year of life
    • Dawson G., and Fischer K. (Eds), Guilford, New York
    • Bell M.A., and Fox N.A. Brain development over the first year of life. In: Dawson G., and Fischer K. (Eds). Human development and the developing brain (1994), Guilford, New York 314-345
    • (1994) Human development and the developing brain , pp. 314-345
    • Bell, M.A.1    Fox, N.A.2
  • 31
    • 84965484129 scopus 로고
    • Attentional inertia and recognition memory in adult television viewing
    • Burns J.J., and Anderson D.R. Attentional inertia and recognition memory in adult television viewing. Communication Research 20 (1993) 777-799
    • (1993) Communication Research , vol.20 , pp. 777-799
    • Burns, J.J.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 32
    • 0001692787 scopus 로고
    • The relation between selective attention to television forms and children's comprehension of content
    • Calvert S.L., Huston A.C., Watkins B.A., and Wright J.C. The relation between selective attention to television forms and children's comprehension of content. Child Development 53 (1982) 601-610
    • (1982) Child Development , vol.53 , pp. 601-610
    • Calvert, S.L.1    Huston, A.C.2    Watkins, B.A.3    Wright, J.C.4
  • 33
    • 0023355940 scopus 로고
    • Form cues and content difficulty as determinants of children's cognitive processing of televised educational messages
    • Campbell T.A., Wright J.C., and Huston A.C. Form cues and content difficulty as determinants of children's cognitive processing of televised educational messages. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 43 (1987) 311-327
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 311-327
    • Campbell, T.A.1    Wright, J.C.2    Huston, A.C.3
  • 35
    • 33645023194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event related potential (ERP) indices of infants' recognition of familiar and unfamiliar objects in two and three dimensions
    • Carver L.J., Meltzoff A.N., and Johnson G. Event related potential (ERP) indices of infants' recognition of familiar and unfamiliar objects in two and three dimensions. Developmental Science 9 (2006) 51-62
    • (2006) Developmental Science , vol.9 , pp. 51-62
    • Carver, L.J.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2    Johnson, G.3
  • 36
    • 0036212843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, correlates, and trajectory of television viewing among infants and toddlers
    • Certain L.K., and Kahn R.S. Prevalence, correlates, and trajectory of television viewing among infants and toddlers. Pediatrics 109 (2002) 634-642
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 634-642
    • Certain, L.K.1    Kahn, R.S.2
  • 37
    • 0012529031 scopus 로고
    • A temporal analysis of toy play and distractibility in young children
    • Choi H.P., and Anderson D.R. A temporal analysis of toy play and distractibility in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 52 (1991) 41-69
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 41-69
    • Choi, H.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 40
    • 1842429671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children
    • Christakis D.A., Zimmerman F.J., DiGiuseppe D.L., and McCarthy C.A. Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics 113 (2004) 708-713
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 708-713
    • Christakis, D.A.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    DiGiuseppe, D.L.3    McCarthy, C.A.4
  • 41
    • 0002803717 scopus 로고
    • Development of regional brain glucose metabolism in relation to behavior and plasticity
    • Dawson G., and Fischer K. (Eds), Guilford, New York
    • Chugani H. Development of regional brain glucose metabolism in relation to behavior and plasticity. In: Dawson G., and Fischer K. (Eds). Human behavior and the developing brain (1994), Guilford, New York 153-175
    • (1994) Human behavior and the developing brain , pp. 153-175
    • Chugani, H.1
  • 42
    • 40849140626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Televised social interaction and object learning in 14- and 18-month-old infants
    • Cleveland A., and Striano T. Televised social interaction and object learning in 14- and 18-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development 31 (2008) 326-331
    • (2008) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.31 , pp. 326-331
    • Cleveland, A.1    Striano, T.2
  • 43
    • 0015402284 scopus 로고
    • Attention-getting and attention-holding processes of infant visual preferences
    • Cohen L.B. Attention-getting and attention-holding processes of infant visual preferences. Child Development 43 (1972) 869-879
    • (1972) Child Development , vol.43 , pp. 869-879
    • Cohen, L.B.1
  • 44
    • 0016550781 scopus 로고
    • The effects of stimulus complexity in infant visual attention
    • Cohen L.B., DeLoache J.S., and Rissman M.W. The effects of stimulus complexity in infant visual attention. Child Development 46 (1975) 611-617
    • (1975) Child Development , vol.46 , pp. 611-617
    • Cohen, L.B.1    DeLoache, J.S.2    Rissman, M.W.3
  • 45
    • 0035227313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of visual attention in infancy
    • Colombo J. The development of visual attention in infancy. Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001) 337-367
    • (2001) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 337-367
    • Colombo, J.1
  • 46
    • 33750897271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of endogenous attention in infancy and early childhood
    • Kail R. (Ed), Elsevier, New York
    • Colombo J., and Cheatham C. The emergence of endogenous attention in infancy and early childhood. In: Kail R. (Ed). Advances in child development and behavior (2006), Elsevier, New York 283-322
    • (2006) Advances in child development and behavior , pp. 283-322
    • Colombo, J.1    Cheatham, C.2
  • 47
    • 0035515976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart-rate defined phases of attention. Look duration, and infants' performance on the paired-comparison procedure
    • Colombo J., Richman W.A., Shaddy D.G., Greenhoot A.F., and Maikranz J. Heart-rate defined phases of attention. Look duration, and infants' performance on the paired-comparison procedure. Child Development 72 (2001) 1605-1616
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 1605-1616
    • Colombo, J.1    Richman, W.A.2    Shaddy, D.G.3    Greenhoot, A.F.4    Maikranz, J.5
  • 48
    • 77949914326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Courage, M. L., Murphy, A. N., Goulding, S., & Setliff, A. E. (2010). When the television is on: The impact of infant-directed video on 6- and 18-month-olds attention during toy play and on parent-infant interaction. Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 176-188.
    • Courage, M. L., Murphy, A. N., Goulding, S., & Setliff, A. E. (2010). When the television is on: The impact of infant-directed video on 6- and 18-month-olds attention during toy play and on parent-infant interaction. Infant Behavior and Development, 33, 176-188.
  • 49
    • 33646705643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants' attention to patterned stimuli: Developmental change from 3 to 12 months of age
    • Courage M.L., Reynolds G.D., and Richards J.E. Infants' attention to patterned stimuli: Developmental change from 3 to 12 months of age. Child Development 77 3 (2006) 680-695
    • (2006) Child Development , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 680-695
    • Courage, M.L.1    Reynolds, G.D.2    Richards, J.E.3
  • 50
    • 63349106414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debating the impact of television and video material on very young children: Attention, learning, and the developing Brain
    • Courage M.L., and Setliff A.E. Debating the impact of television and video material on very young children: Attention, learning, and the developing Brain. Child Development Perspectives 3 (2009) 72-78
    • (2009) Child Development Perspectives , vol.3 , pp. 72-78
    • Courage, M.L.1    Setliff, A.E.2
  • 51
    • 0036267193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children
    • Dennison B.A., Erb T.A., and Jenkins P.L. Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children. Pediatrics 109 (2002) 1028-1035
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 1028-1035
    • Dennison, B.A.1    Erb, T.A.2    Jenkins, P.L.3
  • 52
    • 0022104937 scopus 로고
    • Development of the ability to use recall to guide action as indicated by infants' performance on AB
    • Diamond A. Development of the ability to use recall to guide action as indicated by infants' performance on AB. Child Development 56 (1985) 868-883
    • (1985) Child Development , vol.56 , pp. 868-883
    • Diamond, A.1
  • 53
    • 0024493827 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on Piaget's AB task: Evidence for dependence on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    • Diamond A., and Goldman-Rakic P. Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on Piaget's AB task: Evidence for dependence on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Experimental Brain Research 74 (1989) 24-40
    • (1989) Experimental Brain Research , vol.74 , pp. 24-40
    • Diamond, A.1    Goldman-Rakic, P.2
  • 54
    • 52149120495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video versus reality: Infants' attention and affective responses to video and live presentations
    • Diener M.L., Pierroutsakos S.L., Troseth G.L., and Roberts A. Video versus reality: Infants' attention and affective responses to video and live presentations. Media Psychology 11 (2008) 418-441
    • (2008) Media Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 418-441
    • Diener, M.L.1    Pierroutsakos, S.L.2    Troseth, G.L.3    Roberts, A.4
  • 55
    • 58149368288 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of fantasy and reality: Preschoolers' reactions to interruptions in their play
    • DiLalla L.F., and Watson M. Differentiation of fantasy and reality: Preschoolers' reactions to interruptions in their play. Developmental Psychology 24 (1988) 286-291
    • (1988) Developmental Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 286-291
    • DiLalla, L.F.1    Watson, M.2
  • 56
    • 0005826046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic noise exposure and physiological response: A prospective study of children living under environmental stress
    • Evans G.W., Bullinger M., and Hygge S. Chronic noise exposure and physiological response: A prospective study of children living under environmental stress. Psychological Science 9 (1998) 75-77
    • (1998) Psychological Science , vol.9 , pp. 75-77
    • Evans, G.W.1    Bullinger, M.2    Hygge, S.3
  • 57
    • 37049252445 scopus 로고
    • Pattern vision in newborn infants
    • Fantz R.L. Pattern vision in newborn infants. Science 140 (1963) 296-297
    • (1963) Science , vol.140 , pp. 296-297
    • Fantz, R.L.1
  • 58
    • 37049229327 scopus 로고
    • Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones
    • Fantz R.L. Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones. Science 146 (1964) 668-670
    • (1964) Science , vol.146 , pp. 668-670
    • Fantz, R.L.1
  • 59
    • 76749131225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of reanalysis: Television viewing and attention problems
    • Foster E.M., and Watkins S. The value of reanalysis: Television viewing and attention problems. Child Development 81 (2010) 368-375
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , pp. 368-375
    • Foster, E.M.1    Watkins, S.2
  • 60
    • 0005852946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in infants' recognition of briefly presented visual stimuli
    • Frick J.E., and Richards J.E. Individual differences in infants' recognition of briefly presented visual stimuli. Infancy 2 3 (2001) 331-352
    • (2001) Infancy , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 331-352
    • Frick, J.E.1    Richards, J.E.2
  • 63
    • 32744461353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of network and public television programs on 4- and 5-year-olds' ability to attend to educational tasks
    • Geist E.A., and Gibson M. The effect of network and public television programs on 4- and 5-year-olds' ability to attend to educational tasks. Journal of Instructional Psychology 27 (2000) 250-261
    • (2000) Journal of Instructional Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 250-261
    • Geist, E.A.1    Gibson, M.2
  • 64
    • 22644451842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some thoughts about claims for innate knowledge and infant physical reasoning
    • Haith M.M. Some thoughts about claims for innate knowledge and infant physical reasoning. Developmental Science 2 (1999) 153-156
    • (1999) Developmental Science , vol.2 , pp. 153-156
    • Haith, M.M.1
  • 65
    • 21144470724 scopus 로고
    • Peer imitation by toddlers in laboratory, home, and day care contexts: Implications for social learning and memory
    • Hanna E., and Meltzoff A.N. Peer imitation by toddlers in laboratory, home, and day care contexts: Implications for social learning and memory. Developmental Psychology 29 (1993) 701-710
    • (1993) Developmental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 701-710
    • Hanna, E.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2
  • 67
    • 77952543899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory development in toddlers
    • Courage M.L., and Cowan N. (Eds), Psychology Press, Hove, UK
    • Hayne H. Memory development in toddlers. In: Courage M.L., and Cowan N. (Eds). The development of memory in infancy and childhood (2009), Psychology Press, Hove, UK 43-68
    • (2009) The development of memory in infancy and childhood , pp. 43-68
    • Hayne, H.1
  • 68
    • 0013179906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation from television by 24- and 30-month-olds
    • Hayne H., Herbert J., and Simcock G. Imitation from television by 24- and 30-month-olds. Developmental Science 6 (2003) 254-261
    • (2003) Developmental Science , vol.6 , pp. 254-261
    • Hayne, H.1    Herbert, J.2    Simcock, G.3
  • 70
    • 0006693496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stimulus movement and attention on peripheral stimulus localization by 8-26-week-old infants
    • Hicks J.M., and Richards J.E. The effects of stimulus movement and attention on peripheral stimulus localization by 8-26-week-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development 21 (1998) 571-589
    • (1998) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.21 , pp. 571-589
    • Hicks, J.M.1    Richards, J.E.2
  • 71
    • 0040258284 scopus 로고
    • Distractibility and concentration of attention in children's development
    • Higgins A.T., and Turnure J.E. Distractibility and concentration of attention in children's development. Child Development 55 (1984) 1799-1810
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 1799-1810
    • Higgins, A.T.1    Turnure, J.E.2
  • 72
    • 0018447556 scopus 로고
    • Infant visual and vocal responses to television
    • Hollenbeck A.R., and Slaby R.G. Infant visual and vocal responses to television. Child Development 50 (1979) 41-45
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 41-45
    • Hollenbeck, A.R.1    Slaby, R.G.2
  • 73
    • 0001290151 scopus 로고
    • Shifts of visual attention in the infant: A neuroscientific approach
    • Rovee-Collier C. (Ed), Ablex, Norwood, NJ
    • Hood B.M. Shifts of visual attention in the infant: A neuroscientific approach. In: Rovee-Collier C. (Ed). Advances in infancy research Vol. 9 (1995), Ablex, Norwood, NJ 163-216
    • (1995) Advances in infancy research , vol.9 , pp. 163-216
    • Hood, B.M.1
  • 74
    • 77952549721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning hearts and minds: Television and the very young audience
    • Howard S., and Roberts S. Winning hearts and minds: Television and the very young audience. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 3 (2002) 315-337
    • (2002) Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood , vol.3 , pp. 315-337
    • Howard, S.1    Roberts, S.2
  • 75
    • 0013178092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of reminders in young children's memory development
    • Balter L., and Tamis-Lemonda C. (Eds), Garland, New York
    • Hudson J.A., and Sheffield E.G. The role of reminders in young children's memory development. In: Balter L., and Tamis-Lemonda C. (Eds). Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues (1999), Garland, New York 193-214
    • (1999) Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues , pp. 193-214
    • Hudson, J.A.1    Sheffield, E.G.2
  • 76
    • 33646708184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral stimulus localization by 5-14-week-old infants during phases of attention
    • Hunter S.K., and Richards J.E. Peripheral stimulus localization by 5-14-week-old infants during phases of attention. Infancy 4 (2003) 1-25
    • (2003) Infancy , vol.4 , pp. 1-25
    • Hunter, S.K.1    Richards, J.E.2
  • 77
    • 85075297157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From attention to comprehension: How children watch and learn from television
    • Pecora N., Murray J.P., and Wartella E.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Huston A.C., Bickham D.S., Lee J.H., and Wright J.C. From attention to comprehension: How children watch and learn from television. In: Pecora N., Murray J.P., and Wartella E.A. (Eds). Children and television: Fifty years of research (2007), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 41-63
    • (2007) Children and television: Fifty years of research , pp. 41-63
    • Huston, A.C.1    Bickham, D.S.2    Lee, J.H.3    Wright, J.C.4
  • 78
    • 0347502051 scopus 로고
    • Children's comprehension of televised formal features with masculine and feminine connotations
    • Huston A.C., Greer D., Wright J.C., Welch R., and Ross R. Children's comprehension of televised formal features with masculine and feminine connotations. Developmental Psychology 20 (1984) 707-716
    • (1984) Developmental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 707-716
    • Huston, A.C.1    Greer, D.2    Wright, J.C.3    Welch, R.4    Ross, R.5
  • 79
    • 0002908922 scopus 로고
    • Children's processing of television: The informative functions of formal features
    • Bryant J., and Anderson D.R. (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Huston A.C., and Wright J.C. Children's processing of television: The informative functions of formal features. In: Bryant J., and Anderson D.R. (Eds). Children's understanding of television: Research on attention and comprehension (1983), Academic Press, New York 35-68
    • (1983) Children's understanding of television: Research on attention and comprehension , pp. 35-68
    • Huston, A.C.1    Wright, J.C.2
  • 80
    • 0000083934 scopus 로고
    • The forms of television and the child viewer
    • Comstock G.A. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Huston A.C., and Wright J.C. The forms of television and the child viewer. In: Comstock G.A. (Ed). Public communication and behavior Vol. 2 (1989), Academic Press, New York 103-158
    • (1989) Public communication and behavior , vol.2 , pp. 103-158
    • Huston, A.C.1    Wright, J.C.2
  • 81
    • 58149207431 scopus 로고
    • Development of television viewing patterns in early childhood: A longitudinal investigation
    • Huston A.C., Wright J.C., Rice M.L., Kerkman D., and St. Peters M. Development of television viewing patterns in early childhood: A longitudinal investigation. Developmental Psychology 26 (1990) 409-420
    • (1990) Developmental Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 409-420
    • Huston, A.C.1    Wright, J.C.2    Rice, M.L.3    Kerkman, D.4    St. Peters, M.5
  • 82
    • 0031286373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants' perception of object unity: Implications for development of attentional and cognitive skills
    • Johnson S.P. Infants' perception of object unity: Implications for development of attentional and cognitive skills. Current Directions in Psychological Science 6 (1997) 5-11
    • (1997) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.6 , pp. 5-11
    • Johnson, S.P.1
  • 83
    • 33847674365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of continuous and intermittent distractors on cognitive performance and attention in preschoolers
    • Kannass K.N., and Colombo J. The effects of continuous and intermittent distractors on cognitive performance and attention in preschoolers. Journal of Cognition and Development 8 1 (2008) 63-77
    • (2008) Journal of Cognition and Development , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-77
    • Kannass, K.N.1    Colombo, J.2
  • 86
    • 0033096021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term memory, forgetting, and deferred imitation in 12-month-old infants
    • Klein P.J., and Meltzoff A.N. Long-term memory, forgetting, and deferred imitation in 12-month-old infants. Developmental Science 2 (1999) 102-113
    • (1999) Developmental Science , vol.2 , pp. 102-113
    • Klein, P.J.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2
  • 87
    • 34547443472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can toddlers learn language from television? An experimental approach
    • Krcmar M., Grela B., and Lin K. Can toddlers learn language from television? An experimental approach. Media Psychology 10 (2007) 41-63
    • (2007) Media Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 41-63
    • Krcmar, M.1    Grela, B.2    Lin, K.3
  • 88
    • 0042366201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on phonetic learning
    • Kuhl P.K., Tsao F.M., and Liu H.M. Foreign language experience in infancy: Effects of short-term exposure and social interaction on phonetic learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100 (2003) 9096-9101
    • (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , vol.100 , pp. 9096-9101
    • Kuhl, P.K.1    Tsao, F.M.2    Liu, H.M.3
  • 89
    • 34548436620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does childhood television viewing lead to attention problems in adolescence? Results form a prospective longitudinal study
    • Landhuis C.E., Poulton R., Welch D., and Hancox R.J. Does childhood television viewing lead to attention problems in adolescence? Results form a prospective longitudinal study. Pediatrics 120 (2007) 532-537
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , pp. 532-537
    • Landhuis, C.E.1    Poulton, R.2    Welch, D.3    Hancox, R.J.4
  • 90
    • 44449173625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programming obesity and poor fitness: The longterm impact of childhood television
    • Landhuis C.E., Poulton R., Welch D., and Hancox R.J. Programming obesity and poor fitness: The longterm impact of childhood television. Obesity 16 (2008) 1457
    • (2008) Obesity , vol.16 , pp. 1457
    • Landhuis, C.E.1    Poulton, R.2    Welch, D.3    Hancox, R.J.4
  • 91
    • 0034179077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of infant attention during object examination
    • Lansink J.M., Mintz S., and Richards J.E. The distribution of infant attention during object examination. Developmental Science 3 2 (2000) 163-170
    • (2000) Developmental Science , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-170
    • Lansink, J.M.1    Mintz, S.2    Richards, J.E.3
  • 92
    • 0031204077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and behavioral measure of attention in six-, nine-, and twelve-month-old infants during object exploration
    • Lansink J.M., and Richards J.E. Heart rate and behavioral measure of attention in six-, nine-, and twelve-month-old infants during object exploration. Child Development 68 4 (1997) 610-620
    • (1997) Child Development , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 610-620
    • Lansink, J.M.1    Richards, J.E.2
  • 93
    • 0002792272 scopus 로고
    • Viewers in diapers: The early development of television viewing
    • Lindlof T.R. (Ed), Ablex, Norwood, NJ
    • Lemesh D. Viewers in diapers: The early development of television viewing. In: Lindlof T.R. (Ed). Natural audiences: Qualitative research of media uses and effects (1987), Ablex, Norwood, NJ 33-57
    • (1987) Natural audiences: Qualitative research of media uses and effects , pp. 33-57
    • Lemesh, D.1
  • 94
    • 0344155075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient noise and cognitive processing among preschool children
    • Lercher P., Evans G.W., and Meis M. Ambient noise and cognitive processing among preschool children. Environment and Behavior 35 (2003) 725-735
    • (2003) Environment and Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 725-735
    • Lercher, P.1    Evans, G.W.2    Meis, M.3
  • 95
    • 77952544623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screen Media and Language Development in Infants and Toddlers: An Ecological Perspective
    • Linebarger, and Vaala. Screen Media and Language Development in Infants and Toddlers: An Ecological Perspective. Developmental Review 30 2 (2010) 176-202
    • (2010) Developmental Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 176-202
    • Linebarger1    Vaala2
  • 96
    • 67650298951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TV as storyteller: How exposure to television narratives impacts at-risk preschoolers' story knowledge and narrative skills
    • Linebarger D.L., and Piotrowski J.T. TV as storyteller: How exposure to television narratives impacts at-risk preschoolers' story knowledge and narrative skills. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 27 (2009) 47-69
    • (2009) British Journal of Developmental Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 47-69
    • Linebarger, D.L.1    Piotrowski, J.T.2
  • 97
    • 11144318621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes
    • Linebarger D.L., and Walker D. Infants' and toddlers' television viewing and language outcomes. American Behavioral Scientist 48 (2005) 624-645
    • (2005) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.48 , pp. 624-645
    • Linebarger, D.L.1    Walker, D.2
  • 98
    • 0018520361 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of visual attention to children's comprehension of television
    • Lorch E.P., Anderson D.R., and Levin S.R. The relationship of visual attention to children's comprehension of television. Child Development 50 (1979) 722-727
    • (1979) Child Development , vol.50 , pp. 722-727
    • Lorch, E.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2    Levin, S.R.3
  • 99
    • 41749106669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant and mother - infant play and the presence of the television
    • Masur E.F., and Flynn V. Infant and mother - infant play and the presence of the television. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29 (2008) 76-83
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 76-83
    • Masur, E.F.1    Flynn, V.2
  • 100
    • 0034147980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of noise on preschool children's per-reading skills
    • Maxwell L.E., and Evans G.W. The effects of noise on preschool children's per-reading skills. Journal of Environmental Psychology 20 (2000) 91-97
    • (2000) Journal of Environmental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 91-97
    • Maxwell, L.E.1    Evans, G.W.2
  • 102
    • 0024095359 scopus 로고
    • Imitation of televised models by infants
    • Meltzoff A.N. Imitation of televised models by infants. Child Development 59 (1988) 1221-1229
    • (1988) Child Development , vol.59 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Meltzoff, A.N.1
  • 103
    • 58149371580 scopus 로고
    • Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli
    • Meltzoff A.N. Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli. Developmental Psychology 24 (1988) 470-476
    • (1988) Developmental Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 470-476
    • Meltzoff, A.N.1
  • 104
    • 0023957403 scopus 로고
    • Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests
    • Meltzoff A.N. Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests. Child Development 59 (1988) 217-225
    • (1988) Child Development , vol.59 , pp. 217-225
    • Meltzoff, A.N.1
  • 105
    • 0029317891 scopus 로고
    • What infant memory tells us about infantile amnesia: Long-term recall and deferred imitation
    • Meltzoff A.N. What infant memory tells us about infantile amnesia: Long-term recall and deferred imitation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 59 (1995) 497-515
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 497-515
    • Meltzoff, A.N.1
  • 108
    • 0037673072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The infant as onlooker: Learning from emotional reactions observed I a television scenario
    • Mumme D.L., and Fernald A. The infant as onlooker: Learning from emotional reactions observed I a television scenario. Child Development 74 (2003) 221-237
    • (2003) Child Development , vol.74 , pp. 221-237
    • Mumme, D.L.1    Fernald, A.2
  • 110
    • 63349100860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oakes L.M., and Bauer P.J. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • In: Oakes L.M., and Bauer P.J. (Eds). Short and long-term memory in infancy and early childhood (2007), Oxford University Press, New York, NY
    • (2007) Short and long-term memory in infancy and early childhood
  • 111
    • 49549105968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of social engagement on 24-month-olds' imitation from live and televised models
    • Nielsen M., Simcock G., and Jenkins L. The effect of social engagement on 24-month-olds' imitation from live and televised models. Developmental Science 11 (2008) 722-731
    • (2008) Developmental Science , vol.11 , pp. 722-731
    • Nielsen, M.1    Simcock, G.2    Jenkins, L.3
  • 112
    • 0036834566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in endogenous control of attention: The role of target familiarity on infants' distraction latency
    • Oakes L.M., Kannass K.N., and Shaddy D.J. Developmental changes in endogenous control of attention: The role of target familiarity on infants' distraction latency. Child Development 73 6 (2002) 1644-1655
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Oakes, L.M.1    Kannass, K.N.2    Shaddy, D.J.3
  • 113
    • 13844312744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional engagement in infancy: The interactive influence of attentional inertia and attentional state
    • Oakes L.M., Ross-Sheehy R., and Kannass K.N. Attentional engagement in infancy: The interactive influence of attentional inertia and attentional state. Infancy 5 (2004) 239-252
    • (2004) Infancy , vol.5 , pp. 239-252
    • Oakes, L.M.1    Ross-Sheehy, R.2    Kannass, K.N.3
  • 114
    • 21844510755 scopus 로고
    • Examining in infancy: Does it reflect active processing?
    • Oakes L.M., and Tellinghuisen D.J. Examining in infancy: Does it reflect active processing?. Developmental Psychology 30 5 (1994) 748-756
    • (1994) Developmental Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 748-756
    • Oakes, L.M.1    Tellinghuisen, D.J.2
  • 115
    • 0042597396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics on infant distractibility
    • Oakes L.M., Tellinghuisen D.J., and Tjebkes T.L. The influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics on infant distractibility. Cognitive Development 14 2 (1999) 199-213
    • (1999) Cognitive Development , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-213
    • Oakes, L.M.1    Tellinghuisen, D.J.2    Tjebkes, T.L.3
  • 116
    • 0242634148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition for infants' attention: The interactive influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics
    • Oakes L.M., Tellinghuisen D.J., and Tjebkes T.L. Competition for infants' attention: The interactive influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics. Infancy 1 3 (2000) 347-361
    • (2000) Infancy , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-361
    • Oakes, L.M.1    Tellinghuisen, D.J.2    Tjebkes, T.L.3
  • 117
    • 15044354540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does children's watching of television cause attention problems? Retesting the hypothesis in a Danish cohort
    • Obel C., Henriksen T.B., Dalsgaard S., Linnet K.M., Skajaa E., Thomsen P.H., et al. Does children's watching of television cause attention problems? Retesting the hypothesis in a Danish cohort. Pediatrics 113 (2004) 1372-1374
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 1372-1374
    • Obel, C.1    Henriksen, T.B.2    Dalsgaard, S.3    Linnet, K.M.4    Skajaa, E.5    Thomsen, P.H.6
  • 118
    • 67349273776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study on the relationship between characteristics of TV content and delayed speech development in young children
    • Okuma K., and Tanimura M. A preliminary study on the relationship between characteristics of TV content and delayed speech development in young children. Infant Behavior and Development 32 (2009) 312-321
    • (2009) Infant Behavior and Development , vol.32 , pp. 312-321
    • Okuma, K.1    Tanimura, M.2
  • 120
    • 77952545457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baby Einstein everywhere: The amount and nature of television and video viewing of infants birth to two years
    • Paper presented at the, Chicago
    • Pierroutsakos, S. L., Hanna, M. M., Self, J. A., Lewis, E.N., & Brewer, C. J. (2004). Baby Einstein everywhere: The amount and nature of television and video viewing of infants birth to two years. In Paper presented at the international conference on infant studies, Chicago.
    • (2004) international conference on infant studies
    • Pierroutsakos, S.L.1    Hanna, M.M.2    Self, J.A.3    Lewis, E.N.4    Brewer, C.J.5
  • 123
    • 38549122964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant heart rate: A developmental psychophysiological perspective
    • Schmidt L.A., and Segalowitz S.J. (Eds), Cambridge Press, New York
    • Reynolds G.D., and Richards J.E. Infant heart rate: A developmental psychophysiological perspective. In: Schmidt L.A., and Segalowitz S.J. (Eds). Developmental psychophysiology (2007), Cambridge Press, New York 106-117
    • (2007) Developmental psychophysiology , pp. 106-117
    • Reynolds, G.D.1    Richards, J.E.2
  • 124
    • 0024449111 scopus 로고
    • Development and stability in visual sustained attention in 14, 20, and 26 week old infants
    • Richards J.E. Development and stability in visual sustained attention in 14, 20, and 26 week old infants. Psychophysiology 26 4 (1989) 422-430
    • (1989) Psychophysiology , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 422-430
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 125
    • 0030638937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of attention on infants' preference for briefly exposed visual stimuli in the paired-comparison recognition-memory paradigm
    • Richards J.E. Effects of attention on infants' preference for briefly exposed visual stimuli in the paired-comparison recognition-memory paradigm. Developmental Psychology 33 1 (1997) 22-31
    • (1997) Developmental Psychology , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-31
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 126
    • 0031157078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral stimulus localization by infants: Attention, age, and individual differences in heart rate variability
    • Richards J.E. Peripheral stimulus localization by infants: Attention, age, and individual differences in heart rate variability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23 3 (1997) 667-680
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 667-680
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 127
    • 0011142318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention in young infants: A developmental psychophysiological perspective
    • Nelson C.A., and Luciana M. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Richards J.E. Attention in young infants: A developmental psychophysiological perspective. In: Nelson C.A., and Luciana M. (Eds). Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience (2001), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 321-338
    • (2001) Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience , pp. 321-338
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 128
    • 33646697655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of sustained attention in infants
    • Posner M.I. (Ed), Guilford, New York
    • Richards J.E. The development of sustained attention in infants. In: Posner M.I. (Ed). The cognitive neuroscience of attention (2004), Guilford, New York 342-356
    • (2004) The cognitive neuroscience of attention , pp. 342-356
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 129
    • 13944268345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional inertia in children's extended looking at television
    • Kail R.V. (Ed), Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Richards J.E., and Anderson D.R. Attentional inertia in children's extended looking at television. In: Kail R.V. (Ed). Advances in child development and behavior Vol. 32 (2004), Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • (2004) Advances in child development and behavior , vol.32
    • Richards, J.E.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 130
    • 0034183030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended visual fixation in the early preschool years: Look duration, heart rate changes, and attentional inertia
    • Richards J.E., and Cronise K. Extended visual fixation in the early preschool years: Look duration, heart rate changes, and attentional inertia. Child Development 71 3 (2000) 602-620
    • (2000) Child Development , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 602-620
    • Richards, J.E.1    Cronise, K.2
  • 131
    • 0031305712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended visual fixation in young infants: Look distributions, heart rate changes, and attention
    • Richards J.E., and Gibson T.L. Extended visual fixation in young infants: Look distributions, heart rate changes, and attention. Child Development 68 6 (1997) 1041-1056
    • (1997) Child Development , vol.68 , Issue.6 , pp. 1041-1056
    • Richards, J.E.1    Gibson, T.L.2
  • 132
    • 0030783908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral stimulus localization by infants with eye and head movements during visual attention
    • Richards J.E., and Hunter S.K. Peripheral stimulus localization by infants with eye and head movements during visual attention. Vision Research 37 21 (1997) 3021-3035
    • (1997) Vision Research , vol.37 , Issue.21 , pp. 3021-3035
    • Richards, J.E.1    Hunter, S.K.2
  • 133
    • 77952551344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of attention to simple and complex visual stimuli in infants: Behavioral and psychophysiological measures
    • Richards J.E. The development of attention to simple and complex visual stimuli in infants: Behavioral and psychophysiological measures. Developmental Review 30 2 (2010) 203-219
    • (2010) Developmental Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-219
    • Richards, J.E.1
  • 134
    • 0035404274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended visual fixation and distractibility in children from 6- to 24-months of age
    • Richards J.E., and Turner E.D. Extended visual fixation and distractibility in children from 6- to 24-months of age. Child Development 72 (2001) 963-972
    • (2001) Child Development , vol.72 , pp. 963-972
    • Richards, J.E.1    Turner, E.D.2
  • 138
    • 0010593349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rochat P. (Ed), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ
    • In: Rochat P. (Ed). Early social cognition (1999), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ
    • (1999) Early social cognition
  • 140
    • 70349226737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live action: Can young children learn verbs from video?
    • Roseberry S., Hirsh-Pasek K., and Golinkoff R.M. Live action: Can young children learn verbs from video?. Child Development 80 (2009) 1360-1375
    • (2009) Child Development , vol.80 , pp. 1360-1375
    • Roseberry, S.1    Hirsh-Pasek, K.2    Golinkoff, R.M.3
  • 142
    • 0022669731 scopus 로고
    • Components of attention during infants' manipulative exploration
    • Ruff H.A. Components of attention during infants' manipulative exploration. Child Development 57 (1986) 105-114
    • (1986) Child Development , vol.57 , pp. 105-114
    • Ruff, H.A.1
  • 143
    • 0142166233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of attention and distractibility in the first four years of life
    • Ruff H.A., and Capozzoli M.C. Development of attention and distractibility in the first four years of life. Developmental Psychology 39 (2003) 877-889
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 877-889
    • Ruff, H.A.1    Capozzoli, M.C.2
  • 144
    • 0000466804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focused visual attention and distractibility in 10-month-old infants
    • Ruff H.A., Capozzoli M., and Saltarelli L.M. Focused visual attention and distractibility in 10-month-old infants. Infant Behavior & Development 19 (1996) 281-293
    • (1996) Infant Behavior & Development , vol.19 , pp. 281-293
    • Ruff, H.A.1    Capozzoli, M.2    Saltarelli, L.M.3
  • 146
    • 84989463357 scopus 로고
    • Exploratory play with objects: Basic cognitive processes and individual differences
    • Bornstein M.H., and O'Reilly A.W. (Eds), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA
    • Ruff H.A., and Saltarelli L.M. Exploratory play with objects: Basic cognitive processes and individual differences. In: Bornstein M.H., and O'Reilly A.W. (Eds). The role of play in the development of thought (1993), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA 5-16
    • (1993) The role of play in the development of thought , pp. 5-16
    • Ruff, H.A.1    Saltarelli, L.M.2
  • 149
    • 47249135007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children
    • Schmidt M.E., Pempek T.A., Hirkorian H.L., Lund A.F., and Anderson D.R. The effect of background television on the toy play behavior of very young children. Child Development 79 (2008) 1137-1151
    • (2008) Child Development , vol.79 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Schmidt, M.E.1    Pempek, T.A.2    Hirkorian, H.L.3    Lund, A.F.4    Anderson, D.R.5
  • 150
    • 63149171249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort
    • Schmidt M.E., Rich M., Rifas-Shiman S.L., Oken E., and Taveras E.M. Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort. Pediatrics 123 (2009) 370-375
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , pp. 370-375
    • Schmidt, M.E.1    Rich, M.2    Rifas-Shiman, S.L.3    Oken, E.4    Taveras, E.M.5
  • 151
    • 0042552643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants, toddlers, and television: The ecology of the home
    • Schmitt K.L. Infants, toddlers, and television: The ecology of the home. Zero to Three 22 2 (2001) 17-23
    • (2001) Zero to Three , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 17-23
    • Schmitt, K.L.1
  • 152
    • 0036253820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Television and reality: Toddlers use of visual information from video to guide behavior
    • Schmitt K.L., and Anderson D.R. Television and reality: Toddlers use of visual information from video to guide behavior. Media Psychology 4 (2002) 51-76
    • (2002) Media Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 51-76
    • Schmitt, K.L.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 153
  • 154
    • 0041319268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viewing the viewers: Viewing behaviors by children and adults during television programs and commercials
    • Schmitt K.L., Woolf K.D., and Anderson D.R. Viewing the viewers: Viewing behaviors by children and adults during television programs and commercials. Journal of Communication 53 (2004) 265-281
    • (2004) Journal of Communication , vol.53 , pp. 265-281
    • Schmitt, K.L.1    Woolf, K.D.2    Anderson, D.R.3
  • 155
    • 77952553278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental and individual differences in infants' attention to television during play
    • Presented at the, Vancouver, Canada
    • Setliff, A. E., Murphy, A. N., & Courage, M. L. (2008). Developmental and individual differences in infants' attention to television during play. In Presented at the international conference on infant studies, Vancouver, Canada.
    • (2008) international conference on infant studies
    • Setliff, A.E.1    Murphy, A.N.2    Courage, M.L.3
  • 156
    • 33644936712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You must remember this: Effect of video and photograph reminders on 18-month-olds event memory
    • Sheffield E.G., and Hudson J.A. You must remember this: Effect of video and photograph reminders on 18-month-olds event memory. Journal of Cognition and Development 7 (2006) 73-93
    • (2006) Journal of Cognition and Development , vol.7 , pp. 73-93
    • Sheffield, E.G.1    Hudson, J.A.2
  • 157
    • 60950112760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of preschool children's individual music listening during free choice time
    • Sims W.L. Characteristics of preschool children's individual music listening during free choice time. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 149 (2001) 53-63
    • (2001) Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education , vol.149 , pp. 53-63
    • Sims, W.L.1
  • 158
    • 0002675878 scopus 로고
    • The power and limits of television: A cognitive-affective analysis
    • Tannenbaum P. (Ed), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Singer J.L. The power and limits of television: A cognitive-affective analysis. In: Tannenbaum P. (Ed). The entertainment function of television (1980), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 31-65
    • (1980) The entertainment function of television , pp. 31-65
    • Singer, J.L.1
  • 160
    • 0000515210 scopus 로고
    • Perceiving bimodally specified events in infancy
    • Spelke E.S. Perceiving bimodally specified events in infancy. Developmental Psychology 15 (1979) 626-636
    • (1979) Developmental Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 626-636
    • Spelke, E.S.1
  • 162
    • 33645033429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There is no meaningful relationship between television exposure and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Stevens T., and Muslow M. There is no meaningful relationship between television exposure and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 117 (2006) 665-672
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , pp. 665-672
    • Stevens, T.1    Muslow, M.2
  • 163
    • 55249117478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Don't try this at home": Toddler's imitation of new skills from people on video
    • Strouse G.A., and Troseth G.L. "Don't try this at home": Toddler's imitation of new skills from people on video. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 101 (2008) 262-280
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.101 , pp. 262-280
    • Strouse, G.A.1    Troseth, G.L.2
  • 164
    • 0031670561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal aspects of infant color vision
    • Teller D. Spatial and temporal aspects of infant color vision. Vision Research 38 (1998) 3275-3282
    • (1998) Vision Research , vol.38 , pp. 3275-3282
    • Teller, D.1
  • 165
    • 0031066184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distractibility in infancy: The effects of distractor characteristics and type of attention
    • Tellinghuisen D.J., and Oakes L.M. Distractibility in infancy: The effects of distractor characteristics and type of attention. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 64 (1997) 232-254
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 232-254
    • Tellinghuisen, D.J.1    Oakes, L.M.2
  • 166
    • 0042597396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics on infant distractibility
    • Tellinghuisen D.J., Oakes L.M., and Tjebkes T.L. The influence of attentional state and stimulus characteristics on infant distractibility. Cognitive Development 14 2 (1999) 199-213
    • (1999) Cognitive Development , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-213
    • Tellinghuisen, D.J.1    Oakes, L.M.2    Tjebkes, T.L.3
  • 167
    • 0347874912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some beginnings of word comprehension in 6-month-olds
    • Tincoff R., and Jusczyk P.W. Some beginnings of word comprehension in 6-month-olds. Psychological Science 10 (1999) 172-175
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 172-175
    • Tincoff, R.1    Jusczyk, P.W.2
  • 168
    • 85047688026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TV guide: Two-year-old children learn to use video as a source of information
    • Troseth G.L. TV guide: Two-year-old children learn to use video as a source of information. Developmental Psychology 39 (2003) 140-150
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 140-150
    • Troseth, G.L.1
  • 169
    • 0032140655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medium can obscure the message: Young children's understanding of video
    • Troseth G.L., and Deloache J.S. The medium can obscure the message: Young children's understanding of video. Child Development 69 (1998) 950-965
    • (1998) Child Development , vol.69 , pp. 950-965
    • Troseth, G.L.1    Deloache, J.S.2
  • 170
    • 33646781580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young children's use of videos as a source of socially relevant information
    • Troseth G.L., Saylor M.M., and Archer A.H. Young children's use of videos as a source of socially relevant information. Child Development 77 (2006) 786-799
    • (2006) Child Development , vol.77 , pp. 786-799
    • Troseth, G.L.1    Saylor, M.M.2    Archer, A.H.3
  • 171
    • 77952546632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it life or is it Memorex? Video as a Representation of Reality
    • Troseth G. Is it life or is it Memorex? Video as a Representation of Reality. Developmental Review 30 2 (2010) 155-175
    • (2010) Developmental Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-175
    • Troseth, G.1
  • 172
    • 0039516904 scopus 로고
    • Children's reactions to distractors in a learning situation
    • Turnure J.E. Children's reactions to distractors in a learning situation. Developmental Psychology 2 (1970) 115-122
    • (1970) Developmental Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 115-122
    • Turnure, J.E.1
  • 173
    • 2542614534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in infants' and toddlers' attention to television entertainment
    • Valkenberg P.M., and Vroone M. Developmental changes in infants' and toddlers' attention to television entertainment. Communication Research 31 (2004) 288-311
    • (2004) Communication Research , vol.31 , pp. 288-311
    • Valkenberg, P.M.1    Vroone, M.2
  • 174
    • 33644862195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time well spent? Relating television use to children's free-time activities
    • Vandewater E.A., Bickham D.S., and Lee J.H. Time well spent? Relating television use to children's free-time activities. Pediatrics 117 (2006) e181-e191
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117
    • Vandewater, E.A.1    Bickham, D.S.2    Lee, J.H.3
  • 176
    • 34248183835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The media habits of infants and toddlers: Findings from a parent survey
    • Weber D.S., and Singer D.G. The media habits of infants and toddlers: Findings from a parent survey. Zero to Three 25 (2004) 30-36
    • (2004) Zero to Three , vol.25 , pp. 30-36
    • Weber, D.S.1    Singer, D.G.2
  • 177
    • 0000280532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the "couch potato" infant: How infants use their knowledge to regulate action, solve problems, and achieve goals
    • Bremner J.G., Slater A., and Butterworth G. (Eds), Psychology Press, Hove, UK
    • Willatts P. Beyond the "couch potato" infant: How infants use their knowledge to regulate action, solve problems, and achieve goals. In: Bremner J.G., Slater A., and Butterworth G. (Eds). Infant development: Recent advances (1997), Psychology Press, Hove, UK 109-135
    • (1997) Infant development: Recent advances , pp. 109-135
    • Willatts, P.1
  • 179
    • 36048948871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attention problems
    • Zimmerman F.J., and Christakis D.A. Association between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attention problems. Pediatrics 120 (2007) 986-992
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , pp. 986-992
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Christakis, D.A.2
  • 180
    • 34548661300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years
    • Zimmerman F.J., Christakis D.A., and Meltzoff A.N. Association between media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. Journal of Pediatrics 151 (2007) 364-368
    • (2007) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.151 , pp. 364-368
    • Zimmerman, F.J.1    Christakis, D.A.2    Meltzoff, A.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.