Heritability of attention problems in children: Longitudinal results from a study of twins, age 3 to 12

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 577-588

  Rietveld, M J H ^a   Hudziak, J J ^b   Bartels, M ^a   van Beijsterveldt, C E M ^a   Boomsma, D I ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention problems; Heritability; Overactivity; Repeated measures; Twin study

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION DISORDER; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; COVARIANCE; DATA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; HEREDITY; HERITABILITY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MOTHER; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PROGENY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL MODEL; TWINS;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; PHENOTYPE; QUESTIONNAIRES; TWINS;

EID: 1642387822     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00247.x     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Achenbach, T.M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T.M. (1992). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
3. Achenbach, T.M., & Rescorla, L.A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms and Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families.
4. Barkley, R.A., Fisher, M., Edelbrock, C.S., & Smallish, L. (1990). The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: I. An 8-year prospective follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 29, 546-557.
5. Bennet Murphy, L., Murphy, C.E., & Rose, C.L. (2001). Sustained attention and unintentional injury among preschool-aged children. Child Neuropsychology, 7, 72-83.
6. Biederman, J. (1998). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A life-span perspective. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 4-16.
7. Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Doyle, A., Lehman, B.K., Kraus, I., Perrin, J., & Tsuang, M.T. (1993). Convergence of the Child Behavior Checklist with structured interview-based psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD children with and without comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1241-1251.
8. Biederman, J., Mick, E., & Faraone, S.V. (2000). Age-dependent decline of symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact of remission definition and symptom type. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 816-818.
9. Boomsma, D.I. (1998). Twin registers in Europe: An overview. Twin Research, 1, 34-51.
10. Boomsma, D.I., & Martin, N.G. (2002). Gene-environment interactions. In H. D'Haenen, J. A. den Boer, & P. Willner (Eds.), Biological psychiatry (pp. 181-187). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
11. Boomsma, D.I., & Molenaar, P.C.M. (1986). Using LISREL to analyze genetic and environmental covariance structure. Behavior Genetics, 16, 237-250.
12. Campbell, S.B. (1995). Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 113-149.
13. Carey, G. (1986). Sibling imitation and contrast effects. Behavior Genetics, 16, 319-341.
14. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2002a). Enquete Beroepsbevolking 1999. Standaard Beroepsclassificatie 1992. Heerlen: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. [information obtained from the internet address http://www.cbs.nl/].
15. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2002b). Permanent Onderzoek Leefsituatie, module Gezondheid en Arbeid, specifieke gezondheidsmetingen bij kinderen 2001. Heerlen: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. [information obtained from the internet address http://www.cbs.nl/].
16. Chen, W.J., Faraone, S.V., Biederman, J., & Tsuang, M.T. (1994). Diagnostic accuracy of the Child Behavior Checklist scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1017-1025.
17. De Groot, A., Koot, H.M., & Verhulst, F.C. (1994). Cross-cultural generalizability of the Child Behavior Checklist cross-informant syndromes. Psychological Assessesment, 6, 225-230.
18. Eaves, L.J. (1972). Computer simulation of sample size and experimental design in human psychogenetics. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 144-152.
19. Eaves, L.J. (1976). A model for sibling effects in man. Heredity, 36, 205-214.
20. Eaves, L.J., Rutter, M., Silberg, J.L., Shillady, L., Maes, H.H., & Pickles, A. (2000). Genetic and environmental causes of covariation in interview assessments of disruptive behavior in child and adolescent twins. Behavior Genetics, 30, 321-334.
21. Eaves, L.J., Silberg, J.L., Maes, H.H., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Rutter, M., Neale, M.C., Reynolds, C.A., Erikson, M.T., Heath, A.C., Loeber, R., Truett, K.R., & Hewitt, J.K. (1997). Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 965-980.
22. Edelbrock, C., Rende, R., Plomin, R., & Thompson, L.A. (1995). A twin study of competence and problem behavior in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 775-785.
23. Falconer, D.S., & Mackay, T.F.C. (1996). Introduction to quantitative genetics (4th edn.). Harlow: Longman Group Ltd.
24. Gaub, M., & Carlson, C.L. (1997). Gender differences in ADHD:A meta-analysis and critical review. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1036-1045.
25. Gjone, H., Stevenson, J., & Sundet, J.M. (1996). Genetic influence on parent-reported attention-related problems in a Norwegian general population twin sample. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 588-596.
26. Hart, E.L., Lahey, B.B., Loeber, R., Applegate, B., & Frick, P.J. (1995). Developmental change in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in boys: A four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 729-747.
27. Hudziak, J.J. (2001). The role of phenotypes (diagnose) in genetic studies of attention deficit/hyper-activity disorder and related child psychopathology. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10, 279-297
28. Hudziak, J.J., Heath, A.C., Madden, P.A.F., Reich, W., Bucholz, K.K., Slutske, W.S., Bierut, L.J., Neuman, R.J., & Todd, R.D. (in review). The genetic analysis of parental reports of DSM-IV. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
29. Hudziak, J.J., Rudiger, L.P., Neale, M.C., Heath, A.C., & Todd, R.D. (2000). A twin study of inattentive, aggressive and anxious/depressed behaviors. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 469-476.
30. Kadesjö, C., Kadesjö, B., Hägglöf, B., & Gillberg, C. (2001). ADHD in Swedish 3- to 7-year-old children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1021-1028.
31. Kasius, M.C., Ferdinand, R.F., Van den Berg, H., & Verhulst, F.C. (1997). Associations between different diagnostic approaches for child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 625-632.
32. Keenan, K., & Wakschlag, L.S. (2000). More than the terrible twos: The nature and severity of behavior problems in clinic-referred preschool children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 33-46.
33. Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1991). Long-term outcome of hyperactive children: A review. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 383-387.
34. Koot, H.M. (1993). Problem Behavior in Dutch Pre-schoolers. Doctoral dissertation, Erasmus University, Rotterdam.
35. Koot, H.M., Van den Oord, E.J.C.G., Verhulst, F.C., & Boomsma, D.I. (1997). Behavioural and emotional problems in young pre-schoolers: Cross-cultural testing of the validity of the Child Behavior Checklist 2/3. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 183-196.
36. Kuntsi, J., Gayán, J., & Stevenson, J. (2000). Parents' and teachers' ratings of problem behaviours in children: Genetic and contrast effects. Twin Research, 3, 251-258.
37. Little, R.J.A., & Rubin, D.B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.
38. Loehlin, J.C. (1992). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
39. Martin, N.G., & Eaves, L.J. (1977). The genetical analysis of covariance structure. Heredity, 38, 79-95.
40. Martin, N., Scourfield, J., & McGuffin, P. (2002). Observer effects and heritability of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 260-265.
41. McGee, R., Williams, S., & Feehan, M. (1992). Attention Deficit Disorder and age of onset of problem behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 487-502.
42. Mesman, J., & Koot, H.M. (2001). Early preschool predictors of preadolescent internalizing and externalizing DSM-IV diagnoses. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1029-1036.
43. Nadder, T.S., Silberg, J.L., Eaves, L.J., Maes, H.H., & Meyer, J.M. (1998). Genetic effects on ADHD symptomatology in 7- to 13-year-old twins: Results from a telephone survey. Behavior Genetics, 28, 83-100.
44. Nadder, T.S., Silberg, J.L., Rutter, M., Maes, H.H., & Eaves, L.J. (2001). Comparison of multiple measures of ADHD symptomatology: A multivariate genetic analysis. Journal Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 475-486.
45. Neale, M.C. (1997). Mx: Statistical modeling. Richmond, VA: Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia.
46. Neale, M.C., Cardon, L.R., & The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
47. Neale, M.C., & Stevenson, J. (1989). Rater bias in the EASI Temperament Scales: A twin study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 446-455.
48. Orlebeke, J.F., Knol, D.L., Boomsma, D.I., & Verhulst, F.C. (1998). Frequency of parental report of problem behavior in children decreases with increasing maternal age of delivery. Psychological Reports, 82, 395-404.
49. Pineda, D., Ardila, A., Rosselli, M., Arias, B.E., Henao, G.C., Gomez, L.F., Mejia, S.E., & Miranda, M.L. (1999). Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in 4- to 17-year-old children in the general population. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, 455-462.
50. Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., & Loehlin, J.C. (1977). Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 309-322.
51. Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., & McGuffin, P. (2001). Behavior genetics (4th edn). New York: W.H. Freeman.
52. Posthuma, D., & Boomsma, D.I. (2000). A note on the statistical power in extended twin designs. Behavior Genetics, 30, 147-158.
53. Price, T.S., Simonoff, E., Waldman, I., Asherson, P., Curran, S., & Plomin, R. (submitted). What is stable about hyperactive behaviors in pre-school children is genetic: Implications for molecular genetic studies.
54. Rhee, S.H., Waldman, I.D., Hay, D.A., & Levy, F. (1999). Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on DSM-III-R Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 24-41.
55. Rietveld, M.J.H., Hudziak, J.J., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., & Boomsma, D.I. (2003a). Heritability of attention problems in children: I. Cross-sectional results from a study of twins, age 3 to age 12. American Journal of Medical Genetics B, 117b, 102-113.
56. Rietveld, M.J.H., Posthuma, D., Dolan, C.V., & Boomsma, D.I. (2003b). ADHD: Sibling interaction or dominance: An evaluation of statistical power. Behavior Genetics, 33, 247-255.
57. Rietveld, M.J.H., Van der Valk, J.C., Bongers, I.L., Stroet, T.M., Slagboom, P.E., & Boomsma, D.I. (2000). Zygosity diagnosis in young twins by parental report. Twin Research, 3, 134-141.
58. Ross, D.M., & Ross, S.A. (1982). Hyperactivity. Current issues, research, and theory. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
59. Rutter, M., Giller, H., & Hagell, A. (1998). Antisocial behavior by young people. New York/Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Saudino, K.J., Cherny, S.S., & Plomin, R. (2000). Parent ratings of temperament in twins: Explaining the 'too low' DZ correlations. Twin Research, 3, 224-233.
61. Schmitz, S., Corley, R.P., Hewitt, J.K., Zahn-Waxler, C., Emde, R.N., & DeFries, J.C. (submitted). Attention problems and emotionality at ages 7 and 12.
62. Schmitz, S., Fulker, D.W., & Mrazek, D.A. (1995). Problem behavior in early and middle childhood: An initial behavior genetic analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 1443-1458.
63. Schmitz, S., Saudino, K.J., Plomin, R., Fulker, D.W., & DeFries, J.C. (1996). Genetic and environmental influences on temperament in middle childhood: Analyses of teacher and tester ratings. Child Development, 67, 409-422.
64. Shaw, D.S., Owens, E.B., Giovannelli, J., & Winslow, W.B. (2001). Infant and toddler pathways leading to early externalizing disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 36-43.
65. Sherman, D.K., Iacono, W.G., & McGue, M.K. (1997). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder dimensions: A twin study of inattention and impulsivity-hyperactivity. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 745-753.
66. Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Hervas, A., Silberg, J.L., Rutter, M., & Eaves, L. (1998). Genetic influences on childhood hyperactivity: Contrast effects imply parental rating bias, not sibling interaction. Psychological Medicine, 28, 825-837.
67. Steingard, R., Biederman, J., Doyle, A., & Sprich-Buckminster, S. (1992). Psychiatric comorbidity in attention deficit disorder: Impact on the interpretation of Child Behavior Checklist results. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 449-454.
68. Szatmari, P., Offor, D.R., & Boyle, M.H. (1989). Ontario Child Health Study: Prevalence of Attention Deficit, Disorder with Hyperactivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 219-230.
69. Thapar, A., Harrington, R., Ross, K., & McGuffin, P. (2000). Does the definition of ADHD affect heritability? Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1528-1536.
70. Thapar, A., Hervas, A., & McGuffin, P. (1995). Childhood hyperactivity scores are highly heritable and show sibling competition effects: Twin study evidence. Behavior Genetics, 25, 537-544.
71. Van den Oord, E.J.C.G. (1993). A genetic study of problem behaviors in children. Doctoral dissertation, Erasmus University, Rotterdam.
72. Van den Oord, E.J.C.G., Verhulst, F.C., & Boomsma, D.I. (1996). A genetic study of maternal and paternal ratings of problem behaviors in 3-year-old twins. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 349-357.
73. Van der Valk, J.C., Verhulst, F.C., Neale, M.C., & Boomsma, D.I. (1998). Longitudinal genetic analysis of problem behaviors in biologically related and unrelated adoptees. Behavior Genetics, 28, 365-380.
74. Verhulst, F.C., Van der Ende, J., & Koot, H.M. (1996). Handleiding voor de CBCL/4-18. Rotterdam: Afdeling Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatry, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis / Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam / Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam.
75. Verhulst, F.C., & Van der Ende, J. (1995). The eight-year stability of problem behavior in an epidemiologic sample. Pediatric Research, 38, 612-617.
76. Woody-Ramsey, J., & Miller, P.H. (1988). The facilitation of selective attention in preschoolers. Child Development, 59, 1497-1503.
77. Wothke, W. (2000). Longitudinal and multigroup modeling with missing data. In T.D. Little, K.U. Schnabel, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data; Practical issues, applied approaches and specific examples. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
78. Zahn-Waxler, C., Schmitz, S., Fulker, D., Robinson, J., & Emde, R. (1996). Behavior problems in 5-year-old monozygotic and dizygotic twins: Genetic and environmental influences, patterns of regulation, and internalizing of control. Developmental Psychopathology, 8, 103-122.