Mechanisms of mononuclear phagocyte recruitment in Alzheimer's disease

CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 168-173

  Hickman, Suzanne E ^a   El Khoury, Joseph ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Chemokines; Microglia; Mononuclear phagocytes

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; CD11B ANTIGEN; CHEMOATTRACTANT; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR8; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CX3CR1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR2; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 8; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; RANTES; SMAD2 PROTEIN; SMAD3 PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN TISSUE; CELL MIGRATION; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; ENCEPHALITIS; MICROGLIA; MONOCYTE; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SENILE PLAQUE;

EID: 77949890133     PISSN: 18715273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152710791011982     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Mott, R.T.; Hulette, C.M. Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimaging Clin. N Am., 2005, 15, 755-765, ix.
2. Gomez-Isla, T.; Spires, T.; De Calignon, A.; Hyman, B.T. Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Handb. Clin. Neurol., 2008, 89, 233-243.
3. Spires, T.L.; Hyman, B.T. Neuronal structure is altered by amyloid plaques. Rev. Neurosci., 2004, 15, 267-278.
4. Maragakis, N.J.; Rothstein, J.D. Mechanisms of Disease: astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol., 2006, 2, 679-689.
5. Heneka, M.T.; O'Banion, M.K. Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neuroimmunol., 2007, 184, 69-91.
6. McGeer, P.L.; Itagaki, S.; Tago, H.; McGeer, E.G. Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR. Neurosci. Lett., 1987, 79, 195-200.
7. Frautschy, S.A.; Yang F, Irrizarry M, Hyman B, Saido TC, Hsiao K, Cole GM. Microglial response to amyloid plaques in APPsw transgenic mice. Am. J. Pathol., 1998, 152, 307-317.
8. Perlmutter, L.S.; Barron, E.; Chui, H.C. Morphologic association between microglia and senile plaque amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett., 1990, 119, 32-36.
9. Frackowiak, J.; Wisniewski, H.M.; Wegiel, J.; Merz, G.S.; Iqbal, K.; Wang, K.C. Ultrastructure of the microglia that phagocytose amyloid and the microglia that produce beta-amyloid fibrils. Acta Neuropathol., 1992, 84, 225-233.
10. D'Andrea, M.R.; Cole, G.M.; Ard, M.D. The microglial phagocytic role with specific plaque types in the Alzheimer disease brain. Neurobiol. Aging, 2004, 25, 675-683.
11. Wisniewski, H.M.; Barcikowska, M.; Kida, E. Phagocytosis of beta/A4 amyloid fibrils of the neuritic neocortical plaques. Acta Neuropathol., 1991, 81, 588-590.
12. Stalder, M.; Deller, T.; Staufenbiel, M.; Jucker, M. 3D-Reconstruction of microglia and amyloid in APP23 transgenic mice: no evidence of intracellular amyloid. Neurobiol. Aging, 2001, 22, 427-434.
13. El Khoury, J.; Toft, M.; Hickman, S.E.; Means, T.K.; Terada, K.; Geula, C.; Luster, A.D. Ccr2 deficiency impairs microglial accumulation and accelerates progression of Alzheimer-like disease. Nat. Med., 2007, 13, 432-438.
14. Hawkes, C.A.; McLaurin, J. Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of beta-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106, 1261-1266.
15. Shaftel, S.S.; Kyrkanides, S.; Olschowka, J.A.; Miller, J.N.; Johnson, R.E.; O'Banion, M.K. Sustained hippocampal IL-1 beta overexpression mediates chronic neuroinflammation and ameliorates Alzheimer plaque pathology. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, 117, 1595-1604.
16. Town, T.; Laouar, Y.; Pittenger, C.; Mori, T.; Szekely, C.A.; Tan, J.; Duman, R.S.; Flavell, R.A. Blocking TGF-beta-Smad2/3 innate immune signaling mitigates Alzheimer-like pathology. Nat. Med., 2008, 14, 681-687.
17. Ling, E.A. Electron microscopic study of macrophages appearing in a stab wound of the brain of rats following intravenous injection of carbon particles. Arch. Histol. Jpn., 1979, 42, 41-50.
18. Imamoto, K. Origin of microglia: cell transformation from blood monocytes into macrophagic ameboid cells and microglia. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 1981, 59A, 125-139.
19. Sievers, J.; Parwaresch, R.; Wottge, H.U. Blood monocytes and spleen macrophages differentiate into microglia-like cells on monolayers of astrocytes: morphology. Glia, 1994, 12, 245-258.
20. Eglitis, M.A.; Mezey, E. Hematopoietic cells differentiate into both microglia and macroglia in the brains of adult mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1997, 94, 4080-4085.
21. Simard, A.R.; Rivest, S. Bone marrow stem cells have the ability to populate the entire central nervous system into fully differentiated parenchymal microglia. FASEB J., 2004, 18, 998-1000.
22. Hess, D.C.; Abe, T.; Hill, W.D.; Studdard, A.M.; Carothers, J.; Masuya, M.; Fleming, P.A.; Drake, C.J.; Ogawa, M. Hematopoietic origin of microglial and perivascular cells in brain. Exp. Neurol., 2004, 186, 134-144.
23. Priller, J.; Flügel, A.; Wehner, T.; Boentert, M.; Haas, C.A.; Prinz, M.; Fernández-Klett, F.; Prass, K.; Bechmann, I.; de Boer, B.A.; Frotscher, M.; Kreutzberg, G.W.; Persons, D.A.; Dirnagl, U. Targeting gene-modified hematopoietic cells to the central nervous system: use of green fluorescent protein uncovers microglial engraftment. Nat. Med., 2001, 7, 1356-1361.
24. El Khoury, J.; Luster, A.D. Mechanisms of microglia accumulation in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2008, 29, 626-632.
25. Mildner, A.; Schmidt, H.; Nitsche, M.; Merkler, D.; Hanisch, U.K.; Mack, M.; Heikenwalder, M.; Brück, W.; Priller, J.; Prinz, M. Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions. Nat. Neurosci., 2007, 10, 1544-1553.
26. Ajami, B.; Bennett, J.L.; Krieger, C.; Tetzlaff, W.; Rossi, F.M. Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat Neurosci., 2007, 10, 1538-1543.
27. Davoust, N.; Vuaillat, C.; Androdias, G.; Nataf, S. From bone marrow to microglia: barriers and avenues. Trends Immunol., 2008, 29, 227-234.
28. Priller, J.; Prinz, M.; Heikenwalder, M.; Zeller, N.; Schwarz, P.; Heppner, F.L.; Aguzzi, A. Early and rapid engraftment of bone marrow-derived microglia in scrapie. J. Neurosci., 2006, 26, 11753-11762.
29. Djukic, M.; Mildner, A.; Schmidt, H.; Czesnik, D.; Brück, W.; Priller, J.; Nau, R.; Prinz, M. Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice. Brain, 2006, 129, 2394-2403.
30. Charlier, C.; Nielsen, K.; Daou, S.; Brigitte, M.; Chretien, F.; Dromer, F. Evidence of a role for monocytes in dissemination and brain invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun., 2009, 77, 120-127.
31. Chretien, F.; Lortholary, O.; Kansau, I.; Neuville, S.; Gray, F.; Dromer, F. Pathogenesis of cerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection after fungemia. J. Infect. Dis., 2002, 186, 522-530.
32. Town, T.; Bai, F.; Wang, T.; Kaplan, A.T.; Qian, F.; Montgomery, R.R.; Anderson, J.F.; Flavell, R.A.; Fikrig, E. Toll-like receptor 7 mitigates lethal West Nile encephalitis via interleukin 23-dependent immune cell infiltration and homing. Immunity, 2009, 30, 242-253.
33. Remington, L.T.; Babcock, A.A.; Zehntner, S.P.; Owens, T. Microglial recruitment, activation, and proliferation in response to primary demyelination. Am. J. Pathol., 2007, 170, 1713-1724.
34. Kokovay, E.; Cunningham, L.A. Bone marrow-derived microglia contribute to the neuroinflammatory response and express iNOS in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Dis., 2005, 19, 471-478.
35. Simard, A.R.; Soulet, D.; Gowing, G.; Julien, J.P.; Rivest, S. Bone marrow-derived microglia play a critical role in restricting senile plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron, 2006, 49, 489-502.
36. Malm, T.M.; Koistinaho, M.; Pärepalo, M.; Vatanen, T.; Ooka, A.; Karlsson, S.; Koistinaho, J. Bone-marrow-derived cells contribute to the recruitment of microglial cells in response to beta-amyloid deposition in APP/PS1 double transgenic Alzheimer mice. Neurobiol. Dis., 2005, 18, 134-142.
37. Viola, A.; Luster, A.D. Chemokines and their receptors: drug targets in immunity and inflammation. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2008, 48, 171-197.
38. Zachariae, C.O.; Anderson, A.O.; Thompson, H.L.; Appella, E.; Mantovani, A.; Oppenheim, J.J.; Matsushima, K. Properties of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) purified from a human fibrosarcoma cell line. J. Exp. Med., 1990, 171, 2177-2182.
39. Weber, C.; Alon, R.; Moser, B.; Springer, T.A. Sequential regulation of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin avidity by CC chemokines in monocytes: implications for transendothelial chemotaxis. J. Cell Biol., 1996, 134, 1063-1073.
40. Barlic, J.; Murphy, P.M. Chemokine regulation of atherosclerosis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2007, 82, 226-236.
41. Izikson, L.; Klein, R.S.; Charo, I.F.; Weiner, H.L.; Luster, A.D. Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice lacking the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2. J. Exp. Med., 2000, 192, 1075-1080.
42. Proudfoot, A.E.; de Souza, A.L.; Muzio, V. The use of chemokine antagonists in EAE models. J. Neuroimmunol., 2008, 198, 27-30.
43. Ishizuka, K.; Kimura, T.; Igata-yi, R.; Katsuragi, S.; Takamatsu, J.; Miyakawa, T. Identification of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in senile plaques and reactive microglia of Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 1997, 51, 135-138.
44. Sokolova, A.; Hill, M.D.; Rahimi, F.; Warden, L.A.; Halliday, G.M.; Shepherd, C.E. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 plays a dominant role in the chronic inflammation observed in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol., 2009, 19, 392-398.
45. El Khoury, J.B.; Moore, K.J.; Means, T.K.; Leung, J.; Terada, K.; Toft, M.; Freeman, M.W.; Luster, A.D. CD36 mediates the innate host response to beta-amyloid. J. Exp. Med., 2003, 197, 1657-1666.
46. Prat, E.; Baron, P.; Meda, L.; Scarpini, E.; Galimberti, D.; Ardolino, G.; Catania, A.; Scarlato, G. The human astrocytoma cell line U373MG produces monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 upon stimulation with beta-amyloid protein. Neurosci. Lett., 2000, 283, 177-180.
47. Boisvert, W.A.; Rose, D.M.; Johnson, K.A.; Fuentes, M.E.; Lira, S.A.; Curtiss, L.K.; Terkeltaub, R.A. Up-regulated expression of the CXCR2 ligand KC/GRO-alpha in atherosclerotic lesions plays a central role in macrophage accumulation and lesion progression. Am. J. Pathol., 2006, 168, 1385-1395.
48. Braunersreuther, V.; Zernecke A, Arnaud C, Liehn EA, Steffens S, Shagdarsuren E, Bidzhekov K, Burger F, Pelli G, Luckow B, Mach F, Weber C. Ccr5 but not Ccr1 deficiency reduces development of diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2007, 27, 373-379.
49. Zernecke, A.; Liehn, E.A.; Gao, J.L.; Kuziel, W.A.; Murphy, P.M.; Weber, C. Deficiency in CCR5 but not CCR1 protects against neointima formation in atherosclerosis-prone mice: involvement of IL-10. Blood, 2006, 107, 4240-4243.
50. Lesnik, P.; Haskell, C.A.; Charo, I.F. Decreased atherosclerosis in CX3CR1-/- mice reveals a role for fractalkine in atherogenesis. J. Clin. Invest., 2003, 111, 333-340.
51. Combadiere, C.; Potteaux, S.; Gao, J.L.; Esposito, B.; Casanova, S.; Lee, E.J.; Debré, P.; Tedgui, A.; Murphy, P.M.; Mallat, Z. Decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation in CX3CR1/apolipoprotein E double knockout mice. Circulation, 2003, 107, 1009-1016.
52. Serbina, N.V.; Pamer, E.G. Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2. Nat. Immunol., 2006, 7, 311-317.
53. Tsou, C.L.; Peters, W.; Si, Y.; Slaymaker, S.; Aslanian, A.M.; Weisberg, S.P.; Mack, M.; Charo, I.F. Critical roles for CCR2 and MCP-3 in monocyte mobilization from bone marrow and recruitment to inflammatory sites. J. Clin. Invest., 2007, 117, 902-909.
54. Fong, A.M.; Robinson, L.A.; Steeber, D.A.; Tedder, T.F.; Yoshie, O.; Imai, T.; Patel, D.D. Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow. J. Exp. Med., 1998, 188, 1413-1419.
55. Auffray, C.; Fogg, D.; Garfa, M.; Elain, G.; Join-Lambert, O.; Kayal, S.; Sarnacki, S.; Cumano, A.; Lauvau, G.; Geissmann, F. Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior. Science, 2007, 317, 666-670.
56. Walker, D.G.; Lue, L.F.; Beach, T.G.Gene expression profiling of amyloid beta peptide-stimulated human post-mortem brain microglia. Neurobiol. Aging, 2001, 22, 957-966.
57. Ransohoff, R.M.; Liu, L.; Cardona, A.E. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: multipurpose players in neuroinflammation. Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 2007, 82, 187-204.
58. Xia, M.Q.; Hyman, B.T. Chemokines/chemokine receptors in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurovirol., 1999, 5, 32-41.
59. Cardona, A.E.; Pioro, E.P.; Sasse, M.E.; Kostenko, V.; Cardona, S.M.; Dijkstra, I.M.; Huang, D.; Kidd, G.; Dombrowski, S.; Dutta, R.; Lee, J.C.; Cook, D.N.; Jung, S.; Lira, S.A.; Littman, D.R.; Ransohoff, R.M. Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor. Nat. Neurosci., 2006, 9, 917-924.