Current understanding of risk factors for ovarian cancer

Current Treatment Options in Oncology

Volumn 10, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 67-81

  Sueblinvong, Thanasak ^a   Carney, Michael E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FERTILITY PROMOTING AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; BREAST FEEDING; CANCER RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DIETARY INTAKE; ENDOMETRIOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPITHELIUM DYSPLASIA; FEMALE INFERTILITY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; NONHUMAN; NULLIPARA; ORAL CONTRACEPTION; OVARY CANCER; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; OVARY TUMOR; PARITY; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PREGNANCY; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION;

CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; ENDOMETRIOSIS; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; FERTILITY AGENTS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HABITS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HORMONES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LACTATION; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OVARIAN DISEASES; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; OVULATION INDUCTION; PARITY; PREGNANCY; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; RISK FACTORS; TALC;

EID: 70149110631     PISSN: 15272729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-009-0108-2     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Jekmal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al.: Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008,58:71-96.
2. Hanna L, Adams M. Prevention of ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2006,20:339-362.
3. Mok SC, Kwong J, Welch WR, et al. Etiology and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Disease Markers 2007,23:367-376.
4. Fathalla MF. Incessant ovulation - a factor in ovarian neoplasia? Lancet 1971, 2:163.
5. Riman T, Persson I, Nilsson S.: Hormonal aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer: Review of epidemiological evidence.Clin Endocrinol 1998,49:695-707.
6. Zheng H, Kavanagh JJ, Hu W, et al.: Hormonal therapy in ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007,17:325-338.
7. Risch HA.: Hormonal etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer with a hypothesis concerning the role of androgen and progesterone. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998, 90:1774-1786.
8. Ness RB, Griss JA, Cottreau C, et al.: Factors related to inflammation of the ovarian epithelium and risk of ovarian cancer. Epidemiology 2000,11:111-117.
9. Cramer DW, Barbieri RL, Fraer AR, Harlow BL.: Determinants of early follicular phase gonadotrophin and estradiol concentrations in women of late reproductive age. Hum Reprod 2002,17:221-227.
10. Cramer DW, Hutchison GB, Welch WR, et al.: Determinants of ovarian cancer risk. I. Reproductive experiences and family history. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983,71:711-716.
11. Wittenberg L, Cook LS, Rossing MA, Weiss NS.: Reproductive risk factors for mucinous and non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Epidemiology 1999,10:761-763.
12. Adami HO, Hsieh CC, Lambe M, et al.: Parity, age at first childbirth, and risk of ovarian cancer. Lancet 1994,344:1250-1254.
13. Riman T, Dickman PW, Nilsson S, et al.: Risk factors for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: Result from a Swedish case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2002,156:363-373.
14. Whittemore AS, Harris R, Itnyre J:. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk; collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am J Epidemiol 1992,136:1184-1203.
15. Risch HA, Marrett LD, Howe GR.: Parity, contraception, infertility, and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994,140:585-597.
16. Purdie D, Green A, Bain C, et al.: Reproductive and other factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: An Australian case-control study. Survey of Women's Health Study Group. Int J Cancer 1995,62:678-684.
17. Booth M, Beral V, Smith P.:ARisk factors for ovarian cancer: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1989;60:592-598.
18. Polychronopoulou A, Tzonou A, Hsieh CC, et al.: Reproductive variables, tobacco, ethanol, coffee and somatometry as risk factors for ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1993,55:402-407.
19. Riman T, Dickman PW, Nilsson S, et al.: Risk factors of epithelial borderine ovarian tumors: Results of a Swedish case-control study. Gynecol Oncol 2001,83:575-585.
20. Harlow BL, Weiss NS, Roth GJ, et al.: Case-control study of borderline ovarian tumors: Reproductive history and exposure to exogenous female hormones. Cancer Res 1988,48:5849-5852.
21. Parazzine F, Restelli C, La Vecchia C, et al.: Risk factors for epithelial ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy. Int J Epidemiol 1991,20:871-877.
22. Harris R, Whittemore AS, Itnyre J.: Characteristic relating to ovarian cancer risk: Collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. III. Epithelial tumors of low malignant potential in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am J Epidemiol 1992,136:1204-1211.
23. Risch HA, Marrett LD, Jain M, Howe GR.: Differences in risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic type: Results of a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1996,144:363-372.
24. Cnattingius S, Eloranta S, Adami HO, et al.: Placental weight and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer with an early age of onset. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008,17:2344-2349.
25. Mucci LA, Dickman PW, Lambe M, et al.: Gestational age and fetal growth in relation to maternal ovarian cancer risk in a Swedish cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007,16:1828-1832.
26. Munstedt K, Steen J, Knauf AG, et al.: Steroid hormone receptors and long term survival in invasive ovarian cancer. Cancer 2000,89:1783-1791.
27. Bu SZ, Yin DL, Ren XH, et al.: Progesterone induces apoptosis and up-regulation of p53 expression in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cancer 1997,79:1944-1950.
28. Lukanova A, Lundin E, Toniolo P, et al.: Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2000,101:549-554.
29. Danforth KN, Tworoger SS, Hecht JL, et al.: Breastfeeding and risk of ovarian cancer in two prospective cohorts. Cancer Causes Control 2007, 18:517-523.
30. Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, et al.: A prospective study of reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 1995,76:284-290.
31. Moorman PG, Calingaert B, Palmieri RT, et al.: Hormonal risk factors for postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2008,167:1059-1069.
32. Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, et al.: A quantitative assessment of oral contraceptive use and risk of ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1992,80:708-714.
33. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Zauber AG, et al.: A case-control study of oral contraception use and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994,139:654-655.
34. The Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) Study of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The reduction in risk of ovarian cancer associated with oral-contraceptive use. N Engl J Med 1987,316: 650-655
35. Stanford JL. Oral contraceptives and neoplasia of the ovary. Contraception 1991,43:543-556.
36. Franceschi S. Parazzini F, Negri E, et al. Pooled analysis of 3 European case-control studies of epithelial ovarian cancer. III. Oral contraceptive use. Int J Cancer 1991,49:61-5.
37. Wernli KJ, Newcomb PA, Hampton JM, et al.: Inverse association of NSAID use and ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use and parity. Br J Cancer 2008,98:1781-1783.
38. Bamford PN, Seele SJ. Uterine and ovarian carcinoma in a patient receiving gonadotropin therapy. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982,89:962-964.
39. Bristow RE, Karlan BY. Ovulation induction, infertility, and ovarian cancer risk. Fertil Steril 1996,66:499-507.
40. Shushan A, Paltiel O, Iscovich J, et al.: Human menopausal gonadotropin and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Fertil Steril 1996,65:13-18.
41. Venn A, Watson L, Lumley J, et al.: Breast and ovarian cancer incidence after infertility and in vitro fertilization. Lancet 1995,346:995-1000.
42. Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al.: Fertility drugs and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Italy. Hum Reprod 1994,9:1673-1675.
43. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, et al.: Cancer risk after exposure to treatments for ovulation induction. Am J Epidemiol 2008, Nov 26. Epub 2008 Nov 26. Cited in PubMed; PMID 19037008
44. Mosgaard BJ, Lidegaard O, Kjaer SK, et al.: Infertility, fertility drugs, and invasive ovarian cancer: A case-control study. Fertil Steril 1997,67:1005-1012.
45. Brinton LA, Melton LJ, Malkasian GD, et al.: Cancer risk after evaluation for infertility. Am J Epidemiol 1989,129:712-722.
46. Rossing MA, Daling JR, Weiss NS, et al.: Ovarian tumors in a cohort of infertile women. N Engl J Med 1994,331:771-776.
47. Ron E, Lunenfeld B, Menczer J, et al.: Cancer incidence in a cohort of infertile women. Am J Epidemiol 1987,125:780-790.
48. Chene G, Penault-Llorca F, Le Bouedec G, et al.: Ovarian epithelial dysplasia after ovulation induction: Time and dose effects. Hum Reprod 2009,24:132-138.
49. Hartge P, Hoover R, McGowan L, et al.: Menopause and ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1988,127:990-998.
50. Hempling RE, Wong C, Piver MS, et al.: Hormone replacement therapy as a risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of a case-control study. Obstet Gynecol 1997,89:1012-1016.
51. Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Welch WR, et al.: Noncontraceptive estrogen use and epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1989,130:1142-1151.
52. Risch HA.: Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1996,63:254-257.
53. Garg PP, Kerlikowske K, Subak L, Grady D.: Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1998,92:472-479.
54. Rodriguez C, Patel AV, Calle EE, et al.: Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women. J Am Med Assoc 2001,285:1460-1465.
55. Purdie DM, Bain CJ, Siskind C, et al.: Hormone replacement therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 1999,81:559-563.
56. Lacey JV, Mink PJ, Lubin JH, et al.: Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer. J Am Med Assoc 2002,288:334-341.
57. Riman T, Dickman PW, Nilsson S, et al.: Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in Swedish women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002,94:497-505.
58. Anderson GL, Judd HL, Kaunitz AM, et al.: Effects of estrogen plus progestin on gynecologic cancers and associated diagnostic procedures. The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. J Am Med Assoc 2003,290:1739-1748.
59. Rossing MA, Cushing-Haugen KL, Wicklund KG, et al.: Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007,16:2548-2556.
60. Riman T.: Hormone replacement therapy and epithelial Ivarian cancer: is there an association? J Br Menopause Soc 2003,2:61-68.
61. Eeles RA, Tan S, Wiltshaw E, et al.: Hormone replacement therapy and survival after surgery for ovarian cancer. Br Med J 1991,302:259-262.
62. Cramer DW, Xu H. Epidemiologic evidence of uterine growth factors in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Ann Epidemiol 1995,5:301-314.
63. Halme J, Hammond MG, Hulka JF, et al.: Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1984,64:151-154.
64. Miracle-McMahill HL, Calle EE, Kosinski AS, et al.: Tubal ligation and fatal ovarian cancer in a large prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 1997,145:349-357.
65. Green A, Purdie D, Bain C, et al.: Tubal sterilization, hysterectomy and decreased risk of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1997,71:948-951.
66. Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al.: Tubal ligation, hysterectomy and risk of ovarian cancer, a prospective study. J Am Med Assoc 1993,270:2813-2818.
67. Beard CM, Hartmann LC, Atkinson EJ, et al.: The epidemiology of ovarian cancer: A population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935-1991. Ann Epidemiol 2000,10:14-23.
68. Kreiger N, Sloan M, Cotterchio M, Parsons P.: Surgical procedures associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1997,26:710-715.
69. Rossing MA, Cushing-Haugen KL, Wicklund KG, et al.: Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in relation to benign ovarian conditions and ovarian surgery. Cancer Causes Control 2008,19:1357-1364.
70. Brinton LA, Gridley G, Persson I, et al.: Cancer risk after a hospital discharge diagnosis of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997,176:572-579.
71. Ogawa S, Kaku T, Amada S, et al.: Ovarian endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Oncol 2000,77:298-304.
72. Takahashi K, Kurioka H, Irikoma M, et al.: Benign or malignant ovarian neoplasms and ovarian endometriomas. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001,8:278-284.
73. Melin A, Sparen P, Bergqvist A.: The risk of cancer and the role of parity among women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2007,22:3021-3026.
74. Zanetta Gm, Aebb MJ, Li H, Keeney GL.: Hyperestrogenism: a relevant risk factor for the development of cancer from endometriosis. Gynecol Oncol 2000,79:18-22.
75. Risch HA, Howe GR.: Pelvic inflammatory disease and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995,4:447-451.
76. Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al.: Pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996,5:667-669.
77. Balen A.: Polycystic ovary syndrome and cancer. Hum Reprod Update 2001,7:522-525.
78. Schuldkraut JM, Schwingl PJ, Bastos E, et al.: Epithelial ovarian cancer risk among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1996,88:554-559.
79. Huncharek M, Geschwind JF, Kupelnick B. Perineal application of cosmetic talc and risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis of 11,933 subjects from sixteen observational studies. Anticancer Res. 2003,23:1955-1960.
80. Cook LS, Kamb ML, Weiss NS.: Perineal powder exposure and the risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1997,145:459-465.
81. Gertig DM, Hunter DJ, Cramer DW, et al.: Prospective study of talc use and ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000,92:249-252.
82. Mills PK, Riodan DG, Cress RD, Young HA.: Perineal talc exposure and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in the Central Valley of California. Int J Cancer 2004,112:458-464.
83. Harlow BL, Hartge PA. A review of perineal talc exposure and risk of ovarian cancer. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1995,21:254-260.
84. Buz'Zard AR, Lau BH.: Pycnogenol reduces talc-induced neoplastic transformation in human ovarian cell cultures. Phytother Res 2007,21:579-586.
85. Gates MA, Tworoger SS, Terry KL, et al. Talc use, variants of the GSTM1, GSTT, and NAT2 genes, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008,17:2436-2444.
86. Soegaard M, Jensen A, Hogdall E, et al.: Different risk factor profiles for mucinous and non-mucinous ovarian cancer: Result from the Danish MALOVA Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007,16:1160-1166.
87. Marchbanks PA, Wilson H, Bastos E, et al.: Cigarette smoking and epithelial ovarian cancer by histology type. Obstet Gynecol 2000,95:255-260.
88. Riman T, Dickman PW, Nilsson S, et al.: Some life-style factors and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in Swedish women. Eur J Epidemiol 2004,19:1011-1019.
89. Jordan SJ, Whiteman DC, Purdie DM, et al. Does smoking increase risk of ovarian cancer? A systemic review. Gynecol Oncol 2006,103:1122-1129.
90. Bosetti C, Negri E, Franceschi S, et al.: Diet and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy. Int J Cancer 2001,93:911-915.
91. Edefonti V, Randi G, Decarli A, et al.: Clustering dietary habits and the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Ann Oncol 2008, Oct 7. Epub 2008 Oct 7. Cited in PubMed; PMID 18842615
92. Zhang M, Lee AH, Binns CW.: Reproductive and dietary risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer in China. Gynecol Oncol 2004,92:320-326.
93. Bidoli E, La Vecchia C, Montella M, et al.: Nutrient intake and ovarian cancer: An Italian case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2002,13:255-261.
94. McCann SE, Moysich KB, Mettlin C.: Intakes of selected nutrients and food groups and risk of ovarian cancer. Nutr Cancer 2001,39:19-28.
95. Fleischauer AT, Olson SH, Mignone L, et al.: Dietary antioxidants, supplements and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nutr Cancer 2001,40:92-98.
96. Mommers M, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA.: Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer 2005,104:1512-1519.
97. Koushik A, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, et al. Fruits and vegetables and ovarian cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005,14:2160-2167.
98. Salazar-Martinez E, Lazcano-Ponce EC, Gonzalez Lira-Lira G, et al.: Nutritional determinants of epithelial ovarian cancer risk: A case-control study in Mexico. Oncology 2002,63:151-157.
99. Garland CF, Mohr SB, Gorham ED, et al.: Role of ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin D in prevention of ovarian cancer. Am J Prev Med 2006,31:512-514.
100. Saunders DE, Christensen C, Lawrence WD, et al. Receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in gynecologic neoplasms. Gynecol Oncol 1992,44:131-136.
101. Jiang F, Bao J, Li P, et al.: Induction of ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 through the down regulation of telomerase. J Biol Chem 2004,279:53213-53221.
102. Zhang X, Jiang F, Li P, et al. Growth suppression of ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice by vitamin D analogue EB1089. Clin Cancer Res 2005,11:323-328.
103. HolicI MF.: Vitamin D: its role in cancer prevention and treatment. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006,92:49-59.
104. Lurie G, Wilkens LR, Thompson PJ, et al.: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007,16:2566-2571.
105. Kinuta K, Tanaka H, Moriwake T, et al.: Vitamin D is an important factor in estrogen biosynthesis of both female and male gonad. Endocrinology 2000,141:1317-1324.
106. Chang ET, Canchola AJ, Lee VS, et al.: Wine and other alcohol consumption and risk of ovarian cancer in the California Teachers Study cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2007,18:91-103.
107. Peterson NB, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA.: Alcohol consumption and ovarian cancer in a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2006,119:2423-2427.
108. Modugno F, Ness RB, Allen GO.: Alcohol consumption and the risk of mucinous and nonmucinous epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2003,102:1336-1343.
109. Kuper H, Titus-Ernstoff L, Harlow BL.: Population based study of coffee, alcohol and tobacco use and risk of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2000,88:313-318.
110. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Coffee consumption is not associated with ovarian cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005,14:2273-2274.
111. Jordan SJ, Purdie DM, Green AC, Webb PM.: Coffee, tea, and caffeine and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2004,15:359-365.
112. Larsson SC, Wolk A.: Tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based cohort. Arch Intern Med 2005,165:2683-2686.
113. Rieck G, Fiander A. The effect of lifestyle factors on gynaecological cancer. Best Pract Res Ciln Obstet Gynaecol 2006,20:227-251.
114. Olsen CM, Green AC, Whiteman DC, et al.: Obesity and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2007,43:690-709.
115. Antoniou AC, Gayther SA, Stratton JF, et al.: Risk models for familial ovarian and breast cancer. Genet Epidemiol 2000,18:173-190.
116. Lindor NM, McMaster ML, Lindor CJ, Greene MH.: Concise handbook of familial cancer susceptibility syndromes - second edition. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2008,38:1-93.
117. Spurdle AB, Hoppor JL, Chen X, et al.: The steroid 5 alpha-reductase type II TA repeat polymorphism is not associated with risk of breast or ovarian cancer in Australian women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001,10:1287-1293.
118. Garner EI, Stokes EE, Berkowitz RS, et al.: Polymorphisms of estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP 17 and catechol-o-methyltransferase and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2002,62:3058-3062.
119. Lurie G, Wilkens LR, Thompson PJ, et al.: Genetic polymorphisms in the Paraoxonase I gene and risk of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008,17:2070-2077.
120. Lurie G, Wilkens LR, Thompson PJ, et al.: Genetic polymorphism in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene and the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2008, Aug 15. Epub 2008 Aug 15. Cited in PubMed; PMID 18704709
121. Goodman MT, Laurie G, Thompson PJ, et al. Association of two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 locus and ovarian cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2008,15:1055-1060.