Autophagy and the immune response to TB

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Volumn 56, Issue 6-7, 2009, Pages 248-254

  Harris, J ^a   Hope, J C ^b   Lavelle, E C ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cytokines; Inflammasome; Innate immunity; Irgm1; Phagosome maturation

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; INTERFERON; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; UBIQUITIN;

ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ARTICLE; AUTOPHAGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; TUBERCULOSIS;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; AUTOPHAGY; HUMANS; INTERFERONS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TUBERCULOSIS; UBIQUITIN;

CORYNEBACTERINEAE; MYCOBACTERIUM;

EID: 68149122264     PISSN: 18651674     EISSN: 18651682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01069.x     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Ahlberg, J., L. Marzella H. Glaumann, 1982 : Uptake and degradation of proteins by isolated rat liver lysosomes. Suggestion of a microautophagic pathway of proteolysis. Lab. Invest. 47, 523 532. (Pubitemid 13223525)
2. Alonso, S., K. Pethe, D. G. Russell G. E. Purdy, 2007 : Lysosomal killing of Mycobacterium mediated by ubiquitin-derived peptides is enhanced by autophagy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 6031 6036. (Pubitemid 47175653)
3. Andrade, R. M., M. Wessendarp, M. J. Gubbels, B. Striepen C. S. Subauste, 2006 : CD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 2366 2377. (Pubitemid 44330135)
4. Arico, S., A. Petiot, C. Bauvy, P. F. Dubbelhuis, A. J. Meijer, P. Codogno E. Ogier-Denis, 2001 : The tumor suppressor PTEN positively regulates macroautophagy by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35243 35246.
5. Biswas, D., O. S. Qureshi, W. Y. Lee, J. E. Croudace, M. Mura D. A. Lammas, 2008 : ATP-induced autophagy is associated with rapid killing of intracellular mycobacteria within human monocytes/macrophages. BMC Immunol. 9, 35.
6. Brazil, M. I., S. Weiss B. Stockinger, 1997 : Excessive degradation of intracellular protein in macrophages prevents presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 1506 1514. (Pubitemid 27254844)
7. van Crevel, R., E. Karyadi, F. Preyers, M. Leenders, B. J. Kullberg, R. H. Nelwan J. W. van der Meer, 2000 : Increased production of interleukin 4 by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with tuberculosis is related to the presence of pulmonary cavities. J. Infect. Dis. 181, 1194 1197. (Pubitemid 30194515)
8. Cruz, C. M., A. Rinna, H. J. Forman, A. L. Ventura, P. M. Persechini D. M. Ojcius, 2007 : ATP activates a reactive oxygen species-dependent oxidative stress response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 2871 2879. (Pubitemid 47084344)
9. Delgado, M. A., R. A. Elmaoued, A. S. Davis, G. Kyei V. Deretic, 2008 : Toll-like receptors control autophagy. EMBO J. 27, 1110 1121.
10. Dengjel, J., O. Schoor, R. Fischer, M. Reich, M. Kraus, M. Muller, K. Kreymborg, F. Altenberend, J. Brandenburg, H. Kalbacher, R. Brock, C. Driessen, H. G. Rammensee S. Stevanovic, 2005 : Autophagy promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7922 7927. (Pubitemid 40781039)
11. Deretic, V., S. Singh, S. Master, J. Harris, E. Roberts, G. Kyei, A. Davis, S. de Haro, J. Naylor, H. H. Lee I. Vergne, 2006 : Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibition of phagolysosome biogenesis and autophagy as a host defence mechanism. Cell Microbiol. 8, 719 727.
12. Dice, J. F., 1990 : Peptide sequences that target cytosolic proteins for lysosomal proteolysis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15, 305 309. (Pubitemid 20223216)
13. Djavaheri-Mergny, M., M. Amelotti, J. Mathieu, F. Besancon, C. Bauvy, S. Souquere, G. Pierron P. Codogno, 2006 : NF-kappaB activation represses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced autophagy. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 30373 30382. (Pubitemid 44582093)
14. Dorfel, D., S. Appel, F. Grunebach, M. M. Weck, M. R. Muller, A. Heine P. Brossart, 2005 : Processing and presentation of HLA class I and II epitopes by dendritic cells after transfection with in vitro-transcribed MUC1 RNA. Blood 105, 3199 3205.
15. Fairbairn, I. P., C. B. Stober, D. S. Kumararatne D. A. Lammas, 2001 : ATP-mediated killing of intracellular mycobacteria by macrophages is a P2X(7)-dependent process inducing bacterial death by phagosome-lysosome fusion. J. Immunol. 167, 3300 3307. (Pubitemid 32852571)
16. Flynn, J. L. J. Chan, 2001 : Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19, 93 129. (Pubitemid 32368031)
17. Franchi, L., T. D. Kanneganti, G. R. Dubyak G. Nunez, 2007 : Differential requirement of P2X7 receptor and intracellular K+ for caspase-1 activation induced by intracellular and extracellular bacteria. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18810 18818. (Pubitemid 47100181)
18. Fratazzi, C., R. D. Arbeit, C. Carini, M. K. Balcewicz-Sablinska, J. Keane, H. Kornfeld H. G. Remold, 1999 : Macrophage apoptosis in mycobacterial infections. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66, 763 764. (Pubitemid 29532037)
19. Giacomini, E., E. Iona, L. Ferroni, M. Miettinen, L. Fattorini, G. Orefici, I. Julkunen E. M. Coccia, 2001 : Infection of human macrophages and dendritic cells with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a differential cytokine gene expression that modulates T cell response. J. Immunol. 166, 7033 7041. (Pubitemid 32525572)
20. Gutierrez, M. G., S. S. Master, S. B. Singh, G. A. Taylor, M. I. Colombo V. Deretic, 2004 : Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Cell 119, 753 766. (Pubitemid 40017683)
21. Harris, J., S. A. De Haro, S. S. Master, J. Keane, E. A. Roberts, M. Delgado V. Deretic, 2007 : T helper 2 cytokines inhibit autophagic control of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunity 27, 505 517. (Pubitemid 47418681)
22. Harris, J., J. C. Hope J. Keane, 2008 : Tumor necrosis factor blockers influence macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 198, 1842 1850.
23. Hope, J. C. H. M. Vordermeier, 2005 : Vaccines for bovine tuberculosis: current views and future prospects. Expert Rev. Vaccines 4, 891 903.
24. Hope, J. C., M. L. Thom, P. A. McCormick C. J. Howard, 2004 : Interaction of antigen presenting cells with mycobacteria. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 100, 187 195. (Pubitemid 38789113)
25. Jia, L., R. R. Dourmashkin, P. D. Allen, A. B. Gray, A. C. Newland S. M. Kelsey, 1997 : Inhibition of autophagy abrogates tumour necrosis factor alpha induced apoptosis in human T-lymphoblastic leukaemic cells. Br. J. Haematol. 98, 673 685. (Pubitemid 27386551)
26. Jia, G., G. Cheng, D. M. Gangahar D. K. Agrawal, 2006 : Insulin-like growth factor-1 and TNF-alpha regulate autophagy through c-jun N-terminal kinase and Akt pathways in human atherosclerotic vascular smooth cells. Immunol. Cell Biol. 84, 448 454. (Pubitemid 44286038)
27. Koo, I. C., C. Wang, S. Raghavan, J. H. Morisaki, J. S. Cox E. J. Brown, 2008 : ESX-1-dependent cytolysis in lysosome secretion and inflammasome activation during mycobacterial infection. Cell Microbiol. 10, 1866 1878.
28. Korbel, D. S., B. E. Schneider U. E. Schaible, 2008 : Innate immunity in tuberculosis: myths and truth. Microbes Infect. 10, 995 1004.
29. Kuma, A., M. Hatano, M. Matsui, A. Yamamoto, H. Nakaya, T. Yoshimori, Y. Ohsumi, T. Tokuhisa N. Mizushima, 2004 : The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature 432, 1032 1036. (Pubitemid 40052234)
30. Lammas, D. A., C. Stober, C. J. Harvey, N. Kendrick, S. Panchalingam D. S. Kumararatne, 1997 : ATP-induced killing of mycobacteria by human macrophages is mediated by purinergic P2Z(P2X7) receptors. Immunity 7, 433 444. (Pubitemid 27446017)
31. Levine, B. V. Deretic, 2007 : Unveiling the roles of autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7, 767 777. (Pubitemid 47480305)
32. Li, Y., L. X. Wang, G. Yang, F. Hao, W. J. Urba H. M. Hu, 2008 : Efficient cross-presentation depends on autophagy in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 68, 6889 6895.
33. Ling, Y. M., M. H. Shaw, C. Ayala, I. Coppens, G. A. Taylor, D. J. Ferguson G. S. Yap, 2006 : Vacuolar and plasma membrane stripping and autophagic elimination of Toxoplasma gondii in primed effector macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2063 2071.
34. Liu, P. T. R. L. Modlin, 2008 : Human macrophage host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 371 376.
35. MacMicking, J. D., G. A. Taylor J. D. McKinney, 2003 : Immune control of tuberculosis by IFN-gamma-inducible LRG-47. Science 302, 654 659. (Pubitemid 37310923)
36. Master, S. S., S. K. Rampini, A. S. Davis, C. Keller, S. Ehlers, B. Springer, G. S. Timmins, P. Sander V. Deretic, 2008 : Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevents inflammasome activation. Cell Host Microbe 3, 224 232.
37. Mazzarella, G., A. Bianco, F. Perna, D. D'Auria, E. Grella, E. Moscariello A. Sanduzzi, 2003 : T lymphocyte phenotypic profile in lung segments affected by cavitary and non-cavitary tuberculosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 132, 283 288. (Pubitemid 36560625)
38. Molloy, A., P. Laochumroonvorapong G. Kaplan, 1994 : Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of infected monocytes is coupled with killing of intracellular bacillus Calmette-Guerin. J. Exp. Med. 180, 1499 1509.
39. Montero, M. T., J. Matilla, E. Gomez-Mampaso M. A. Lasuncion, 2004 : Geranylgeraniol regulates negatively caspase-1 autoprocessing: implication in the Th1 response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 173, 4936 4944. (Pubitemid 39387775)
40. Munz, C., 2006 : Autophagy and antigen presentation. Cell Microbiol. 8, 891 898. (Pubitemid 43670832)
41. Nedelsky, N. B., P. K. Todd J. P. Taylor, 2008 : Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system: collaborators in neuroprotection. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1782, 691 699.
42. Nedjic, J., M. Aichinger, J. Emmerich, N. Mizushima L. Klein, 2008 : Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance. Nature 455, 396 400.
43. Nimmerjahn, F., S. Milosevic, U. Behrends, E. M. Jaffee, D. M. Pardoll, G. W. Bornkamm J. Mautner, 2003 : Major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted presentation of a cytosolic antigen by autophagy. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 1250 1259. (Pubitemid 36609143)
44. Paludan, C., D. Schmid, M. Landthaler, M. Vockerodt, D. Kube, T. Tuschl C. Munz, 2005 : Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy. Science 307, 593 596. (Pubitemid 40165684)
45. Pandey, U. B., Z. Nie, Y. Batlevi, B. A. McCray, G. P. Ritson, N. B. Nedelsky, S. L. Schwartz, N. A. DiProspero, M. A. Knight, O. Schuldiner, R. Padmanabhan, M. Hild, D. L. Berry, D. Garza, C. C. Hubbert, T. P. Yao, E. H. Baehrecke J. P. Taylor, 2007 : HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS. Nature 447, 859 863. (Pubitemid 46920134)
46. Petiot, A., E. Ogier-Denis, E. F. Blommaart, A. J. Meijer P. Codogno, 2000 : Distinct classes of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinases are involved in signaling pathways that control macroautophagy in HT-29 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 992 998. (Pubitemid 30051145)
47. Placido, R., G. Auricchio, S. Falzoni, L. Battistini, V. Colizzi, E. Brunetti, F. Di Virgilio G. Mancino, 2006 : P2X(7) purinergic receptors and extracellular ATP mediate apoptosis of human monocytes/macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis reducing the intracellular bacterial viability. Cell. Immunol. 244, 10 18. (Pubitemid 46671397)
48. Purdy, G. E. D. G. Russell, 2007 : Lysosomal ubiquitin and the demise of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Microbiol. 9, 2768 2774. (Pubitemid 350066562)
49. Russell, D. G., 2001 : Mycobacterium tuberculosis: here today, and here tomorrow. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 569 577. (Pubitemid 33674008)
50. Saitoh, T., N. Fujita, M. H. Jang, S. Uematsu, B. G. Yang, T. Satoh, H. Omori, T. Noda, N. Yamamoto, M. Komatsu, K. Tanaka, T. Kawai, T. Tsujimura, O. Takeuchi, T. Yoshimori S. Akira, 2008 : Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1beta production. Nature 456, 264 268.
51. Salgame, P., 2005 : Host innate and Th1 responses and the bacterial factors that control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 374 380. (Pubitemid 40848539)
52. Sanjuan, M. A., C. P. Dillon, S. W. Tait, S. Moshiach, F. Dorsey, S. Connell, M. Komatsu, K. Tanaka, J. L. Cleveland, S. Withoff D. R. Green, 2007 : Toll-like receptor signalling in macrophages links the autophagy pathway to phagocytosis. Nature 450, 1253 1257.
53. Schaible, U. E., S. Sturgill-Koszycki, P. H. Schlesinger D. G. Russell, 1998 : Cytokine activation leads to acidification and increases maturation of Mycobacterium avium-containing phagosomes in murine macrophages. J. Immunol. 160, 1290 1296. (Pubitemid 28093427)
54. Schaible, U. E., P. H. Schlesinger, T. H. Steinberg, W. F. Mangel, T. Kobayashi D. G. Russell, 1999 : Parasitophorous vacuoles of Leishmania mexicana acquire macromolecules from the host cell cytosol via two independent routes. J. Cell Sci. 112 (Pt 5 681 693. (Pubitemid 29141988)
55. Schaible, U. E., F. Winau, P. A. Sieling, K. Fischer, H. L. Collins, K. Hagens, R. L. Modlin, V. Brinkmann S. H. Kaufmann, 2003 : Apoptosis facilitates antigen presentation to T lymphocytes through MHC-I and CD1 in tuberculosis. Nat. Med. 9, 1039 1046. (Pubitemid 37021784)
56. Schmid, D., M. Pypaert C. Munz, 2007 : Antigen-loading compartments for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules continuously receive input from autophagosomes. Immunity 26, 79 92. (Pubitemid 46109341)
57. Shi, C. S. J. H. Kehrl, 2008 : MyD88 and Trif target Beclin 1 to trigger autophagy in macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 33175 33182.
58. Shintani, T. D. J. Klionsky, 2004 : Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science 306, 990 995. (Pubitemid 39482894)
59. Shui, W., L. Sheu, J. Liu, B. Smart, C. J. Petzold, T. Y. Hsieh, A. Pitcher, J. D. Keasling C. R. Bertozzi, 2008 : Membrane proteomics of phagosomes suggests a connection to autophagy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16952 16957.
60. Singh, S. B., A. S. Davis, G. A. Taylor V. Deretic, 2006 : Human IRGM induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular mycobacteria. Science 313, 1438 1441. (Pubitemid 44360272)
61. Sivaprasad, U. A. Basu, 2008 : Inhibition of ERK attenuates autophagy and potentiates tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. J. Cell Mol. Med. 12, 1265 1271.
62. Smith, R. A., A. J. Alvarez D. M. Estes, 2001 : The P2X7 purinergic receptor on bovine macrophages mediates mycobacterial death. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 78, 249 262. (Pubitemid 32243945)
63. Stober, C. B., D. A. Lammas, C. M. Li, D. S. Kumararatne, S. L. Lightman C. A. McArdle, 2001 : ATP-mediated killing of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin within human macrophages is calcium dependent and associated with the acidification of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes. J. Immunol. 166, 6276 6286. (Pubitemid 32440760)
64. Sutterwala, F. S., Y. Ogura R. A. Flavell, 2007 : The inflammasome in pathogen recognition and inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82, 259 264. (Pubitemid 47230635)
65. Suzuki, T., L. Franchi, C. Toma, H. Ashida, M. Ogawa, Y. Yoshikawa, H. Mimuro, N. Inohara, C. Sasakawa G. Nunez, 2007 : Differential regulation of caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and autophagy via Ipaf and ASC in Shigella-infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog. 3, e111.
66. Via, L. E., R. A. Fratti, M. McFalone, E. Pagan-Ramos, D. Deretic V. Deretic, 1998 : Effects of cytokines on mycobacterial phagosome maturation. J. Cell Sci. 111 (Pt 7 897 905. (Pubitemid 28196073)
67. Vyas, J. M., A. G. Van der Veen H. L. Ploegh, 2008 : The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 607 618.
68. Winau, F., S. Weber, S. Sad, J. de Diego, S. L. Hoops, B. Breiden, K. Sandhoff, V. Brinkmann, S. H. Kaufmann U. E. Schaible, 2006 : Apoptotic vesicles crossprime CD8 T cells and protect against tuberculosis. Immunity 24, 105 117. (Pubitemid 43077204)
69. Xu, Y., C. Jagannath, X. D. Liu, A. Sharafkhaneh, K. E. Kolodziejska N. T. Eissa, 2007 : Toll-like receptor 4 is a sensor for autophagy associated with innate immunity. Immunity 27, 135 144. (Pubitemid 47089027)