The health effects of black tea and flavonoids

Nutrition and Food Science

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 283-294

  Ruxton, Carrie H S ^a  

^a Nutrition Communications   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Personal health; Tea

Indexed keywords

CAMELLIA SINENSIS;

EID: 67651150019     PISSN: 00346659     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/00346650910957546     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Arts, I.C. (2008), A review of the epidemiological evidence on tea, flavonoids, and lung cancer, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 138, pp. 1561S-66S.
2. Arts, I.C., Hollman, P.C., Feskens, E.J., Bueno de Mesquita, H.B. and Kromhout, D. (2001), Catechin intake might explain the inverse relation between tea consumption and ischemic heart disease: the Zutphen elderly study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 74, pp. 227-32.
3. Baker, J.A., Boakye, K., McCann, S.E., Beehler, G.P., Rodabaugh, K.J., Villella, J.A. et al. (2007), Consumption of black tea or coffee and risk of ovarian cancer, International Journal of Gynecology and Cancer, Vol. 17, pp. 50-4.
4. Cho, H.S., Kim, S., Lee, S.Y., Park, J.A., Kim, S.J. and Chun, H.S. (2008), Protective effect of the green tea component, L-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death, Neurotoxicology, Vol. 29, pp. 656-62.
5. Chun, O.K., Chung, S.J. and Song, W.O. (2007), Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of US adults, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, pp. 1244-52.
6. Cutler, G.J., Nettleton, J.A., Ross, J.A., Harnack, L.J., Jacobs, D.R. Jr, Scrafford, C.G. et al. (2008), Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cancer in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study, International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 123, pp. 664-71.
7. Davies, M.J., Judd, J.T., Baer, D.J., Clevidence, B.A., Paul, D.R., Edwards, A.J. et al. (2003), Black tea consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 133, pp. 3298S-3302S.
8. Debette, S., Courbon, D., Leone, N., Gariépy, J., Tzourio, C., Dartigues, J.F. et al. (2008), Tea consumption is inversely associated with carotid plaques in women, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Vol. 28, pp. 353-9.
9. Erdman, J.W., Balentine, D., Arab, L., Beecher, G., Dwyer, J.T., Folts, J. et al. (2007), Flavonoids and heart health: proceedings of the ILSI North America flavonoids workshop, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 137, pp. 718S-37S.
10. Fredholm, B.B., Battig, K., Holman, J., Nehlig, A. and Zvartau, E.E. (1999), Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use, Pharmacological Reviews, Vol. 51, pp. 83-133.
11. Ganmaa, D., Willett, W.C., Li, T.Y., Feskanich, D., van Dam, R.M., Lopez-Garcia, E. et al. (2008), Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of breast cancer: a 22-year follow-up, International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 122, pp. 2071-6.
12. Gardner, E.J., Ruxton, C.H.S. and Leeds, A.R. (2007), Black tea - helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 61, pp. 3-18.
13. Geleijnse, J.M., Launer, L.J., Van der Kuip, D.A., Hofman, A. and Witteman, J.C. (2002), Inverse association of tea and flavonoid intakes with incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 75, pp. 880-6.
14. Henderson, L., Gregory, J., Irvine, K. and Swan, G. (2003), National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19-64 Years, The Stationary Office, London.
15. Henning, S.M., Aronson, W., Niu, Y., Conde, F., Lee, N.H., Seeram, N.P. et al. (2006), Tea polyphenols and theaflavins are present in prostate tissue of humans and mice after green and black tea consumption, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 136, pp. 1839-43.
16. Hertog, M.G., Feskens, E.J., Hollman, P.C., Katan, M.B. and Kromhout, D. (1993), Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen elderly study, Lancet, Vol. 342, pp. 1007-11.
17. Hooper, L., Kroon, P.A., Rimm, E.B., Cohn, J.S., Harvey, I., Le Cornu, K.A. et al. (2008), Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 88, pp. 38-50.
18. Hu, G., Bidel, S., Jousilahti, P., Antikainen, R. and Tuomilehto, J. (2007), Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of Parkinson's disease, Movement Disorder, Vol. 22, pp. 2242-8.
19. Hughes, L.A., Arts, I.C., Ambergen, T., Brants, H.A., Dagnelie, P.C., Goldbohm, R.A. et al. (2008), Higher dietary flavone, flavonol, and catechin intakes are associated with less of an increase in BMI over time in women: a longitudinal analysis from the Netherlands Cohort Study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 88, pp. 1341-52.
20. International Tea Committee (2007), Annual Bulletin of Statistics 2007, available at: www. inttea.com (accessed 30 January 2009).
21. Jochmann, N., Lorenz, M., Krosigk, A., Martus, P., Bohm, V., Baumann, G. et al. (2008), The efficacy of black tea in ameliorating endothelial function is equivalent to that of green tea, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 99, pp. 863-8.
22. Kandinov, B., Giladi, N. and Korczyn, A.D. (2009), Smoking and tea consumption delay onset of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, Vol. 15, pp. 41-6.
23. Kris-Etherton, P.M. and Keen, C.L. (2002), Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health, Current Opinion in Lipidology, Vol. 13, pp. 41-9.
24. Kyle, J.A., Morrice, P.C., McNeill, G. and Duthie, G.G. (2007), Effects of infusion time and addition of milk on content and absorption of polyphenols from black tea, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 55, pp. 4889-94.
25. Lakenbrink, C., Lapczynski, S., Maiwald, B. and Engelhardt, U.H. (2000), Flavonoids and other polyphenols in consumer brews of tea and other caffeinated beverages, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 48, pp. 2848-52.
26. Lambert, J.D. and Yang, C.S. (2003), Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 133, pp. 3262S-7S.
27. Larsson, S.C., Mannisto, S., Virtanen, M.J., Kontto, J., Albanes, D. and Virtamo, J. (2008), Coffee and tea consumption and risk of stroke subtypes in male smokers, Stroke, Vol. 39, pp. 1681-7.
28. Lee, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Spiegelman, D., Adami, H.O., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P.A. et al. (2007), Intakes of coffee, tea, milk, soda and juice and renal cell cancer in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies, International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 121, pp. 2246-53.
29. Leung, L.K., Su, Y., Chen, R., Zhang, Z., Huang, Y. and Chen, Z.Y. (2001), Theaflavins in black tea and catechins in green tea are equally effective antioxidants, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 131, pp. 2248-51.
30. McCann, S.E., Yeh, M., Rodabaugh, K. and Moysich, K.B. (2009), Higher regular coffee and tea consumption is associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk, International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 124, pp. 1650-3.
31. Mink, P.J., Scrafford, C.G., Barraj, L.M., Harnack, L., Hong, C.P., Nettleton, J.A. and Jacobs, D.R. Jr (2007), Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 85, pp. 895-909.
32. Montella, M., Tramacere, I., Tavani, A., Gallus, S., Crispo, A., Talamini R. et al. (2009), Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea intake, and risk of renal cell cancer, Nutrition and Cancer, Vol. 61, pp. 76-80.
33. Mukamal, K.J., MacDermott, K., Vinson, J.A., Oyama, N., Manning, W.J. and Mittleman, M.A. (2007), A 6-month randomized pilot study of black tea and cardiovascular risk factors, American Heart Journal, Vol. 154, pp. 724 e1-6.
34. Nagao, T., Komine, Y., Soga, S., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tanaka, Y. and Tokimitsu, I. (2005), Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde- modified LDL in men, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, pp. 122-9.
35. Ng, T.P., Feng, L., Niti, M., Kua, E.H. and Yap, K.B. (2008), Tea consumption and cognitive impairment and decline in older Chinese adults, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 88, pp. 224-31.
36. Nobre, A., Rao, A. and Owen, G.N. (2008), L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 17, pp. 167-8.
37. Nurk, E., Refsum, H., Drevon, C.A., Tell, G.S., Nygaard, H.A., Engedal, K. and Smith, A.D. (2009), Intake of flavonoid-rich wine, tea, and chocolate by elderly men and women is associated with better cognitive test performance, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 139, pp. 120-7.
38. Peters, U., Poole, C. and Arab, L. (2001), Does tea affect cardiovascular disease? A meta- analysis, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 154, pp. 495-503.
39. Rees, J.R., Stukel, T.A., Perry, A.E., Zens, M.S., Spencer, S.K. and Karagas, M.R. (2007), Tea consumption and basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer: results of a case-control study, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Vol. 56, pp. 781-5.
40. Rietveld, A. and Wiseman, S. (2003), Antioxidant effects of tea: evidence from human clinical trials, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 133, pp. 3285S-92S.
41. Robertson, A. (1991), The chemistry and biochemistry of black tea production - the non-volatiles, in Wilson, K.C, and Clifford, M.N. (Eds), Tea-Cultivation to Consumption, Springer, pp. 574-80.
42. Ruxton, C.H.S. (2008), The impact of caffeine on mood, cognitive function, performance and hydration: a review of benefits and risks, Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 33, pp. 15-25.
43. Shukla, Y. (2007), Tea and cancer chemoprevention: a comprehensive review, Asia Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 8, pp. 155-66.
44. Silvera, S.A., Jain, M., Howe, G.R., Miller, A.B. and Rohan, T.E. (2007), Intake of coffee and tea and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study, Nutrition and Cancer, Vol. 58, pp. 22-7.
45. Song, W.O. and Chun, O.K. (2008), Tea is the major source of flavan-3-ol and flavonol in the US diet, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 138, pp. 1543S-7S.
46. Song, Y.J., Kristal, A.R., Wicklund, K.G., Cushing-Haugen, K.L. and Rossing, M.A. (2008), Coffee, tea, colas, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol. 17, pp. 712-6.
47. Stangl, V., Lorenz, M. and Stangl, K. (2006), The role of tea and tea flavonoids in cardiovascular health, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, Vol. 50, pp. 18-228.
48. Stanner, S. (2007), Does adding milk remove the benefits of your daily cuppa?, Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 32, pp. 101-3.
49. Steevens, J, Schouten, L.J., Verhage, B.A., Goldbohm, R.A. and van den Brandt, P.A. (2007), Tea and coffee drinking and ovarian cancer risk: results from the Netherlands cohort study and a meta-analysis, British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 97, pp. 1291-4.
50. Steptoe, A., Gibson, E.L., Vuononvirta, R. et al. (2006), The effects of chronic tea intake on platelet activation and inflammation: a double-blind placebo controlled trial, Atherosclerosis, Vol. 193, pp. 277-82.
51. Steptoe, A., Gibson, E.L., Vuononvirta, R. et al. (2007), The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomised double-blind trial, Psychopharmacology, Vol. 190, pp. 81-9.
52. Sun, C.L., Yuan, J.M., Koh, W.P. and Yu, M.C. (2006a), Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies, Carcinogenesis, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 1310-5.
53. Sun, C.L., Yuan, J.M., Koh, W.P. and Yu, M.C. (2006b), Green tea, black tea and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies, Carcinogenesis, Vol. 27, pp. 1301-9.
54. Tan, L.C., Koh, W.P., Yuan, J.M. et al. (2008), Differential effects of black versus green tea on risk of Parkinson's disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 167, pp. 553-60.
55. Tang, N., Wu, Y., Zhou, B., Wang, B. and Yu, R. (2009), Green tea, black tea consumption and risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis, Lung Cancer, 5 January. [Epub ahead of print].
56. Taylor Nelson Sofres (2007), The National Drinks Survey, Taylor Nelson Sofres, London.
57. Unno, T., Tago, M., Suzuki, Y. et al. (2005), Effect of tea catechins on postprandial plasma lipid responses in human subjects, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 93, pp. 543-7.
58. US Department of Agriculture (2006), USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, available at: www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata (accessed 2 February 2009).
59. Widlansky, M.E., Duffy, S.J., Hamburg, N.M., Gokce, N., Warden, B.A., Wiseman, S. et al. (2005), Effects of black tea consumption on plasma catechins and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Vol. 38, pp. 499-506.
60. FSA (Food Standards Agency) (2004), Survey of Caffeine Levels in Hot Beverages, FSA Surveillance Unit, London.