메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 302-319

Functional crosstalk between β2-adrenoreceptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: Implications for gene-gene interactions and bronchodilatory responses in patients with asthma and COPD

Author keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); G protein coupled receptor (GPCR); Health related quality of life (HRQoL); Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist; 2 Adrenoreceptor polymorphism

Indexed keywords

BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BUDESONIDE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; DIACYLGLYCEROL; FENOTEROL; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; FORMOTEROL; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; INOSITOL 1,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; LONG ACTING DRUG; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PHOSPHOLIPASE C BETA; PLACEBO; PROTEIN KINASE C; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; SHORT ACTING DRUG; TERBUTALINE; THEOPHYLLINE; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; TRIAMCINOLONE;

EID: 67649304690     PISSN: 18756921     EISSN: 18756913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187569208786733857     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 34247561439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aaron, S. D.; Vandemheen, K. L.; Fergusson, D.; Maltais, F.; Bourbeau, J.; Goldstein, R.; Balter, M.; O'Donnell, D.; McIvor, A.; Sharma, S.; Bishop, G.; Anthony, J.; Cowie, R.; Field, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hernandez, P.; Rivington, R.; Road, J.; Hoffstein, V.; Hodder, R.; Marciniuk, D.; McCormack, D.; Fox, G.; Cox, G.; Prins, H. B.; Ford, G.; Bleskie, D.; Doucette, S.; Mayers, I.; Chapman, K.; Zamel, N. and FitzGerald, M. Canadian Thoracic Society/Canadian Respiratory Clinical Research Consortium. (2007) Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 545-555.
    • Aaron, S. D.; Vandemheen, K. L.; Fergusson, D.; Maltais, F.; Bourbeau, J.; Goldstein, R.; Balter, M.; O'Donnell, D.; McIvor, A.; Sharma, S.; Bishop, G.; Anthony, J.; Cowie, R.; Field, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hernandez, P.; Rivington, R.; Road, J.; Hoffstein, V.; Hodder, R.; Marciniuk, D.; McCormack, D.; Fox, G.; Cox, G.; Prins, H. B.; Ford, G.; Bleskie, D.; Doucette, S.; Mayers, I.; Chapman, K.; Zamel, N. and FitzGerald, M. Canadian Thoracic Society/Canadian Respiratory Clinical Research Consortium. (2007) Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 545-555.
  • 4
    • 0036211424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of calcium homeostasis as a mechanism for altering smooth muscle responsiveness in asthma
    • Amrani, Y. and Panettieri, R. A. Jr. (2002) Modulation of calcium homeostasis as a mechanism for altering smooth muscle responsiveness in asthma. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2, 39-45.
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 39-45
    • Amrani, Y.1    Panettieri Jr., R.A.2
  • 5
    • 0031594494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta2-adrenoceptor regulation and bronchodilator sensitivity after regular treatment with formoterol in subjects with stable asthma
    • Aziz, I.; Hall, I. P.; McFarlane, L. C. and Lipworth, B. J. (1998) Beta2-adrenoceptor regulation and bronchodilator sensitivity after regular treatment with formoterol in subjects with stable asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 101, 337-341.
    • (1998) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 337-341
    • Aziz, I.1    Hall, I.P.2    McFarlane, L.C.3    Lipworth, B.J.4
  • 6
    • 0027564486 scopus 로고
    • Expression of beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNA in peripheral lung in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Bai, T. R.; Zhou, D.; Aubert, J. D.; Lizee, G.; Hayashi, S. and Bondy, G. P. (1993) Expression of beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNA in peripheral lung in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8, 325-333.
    • (1993) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 325-333
    • Bai, T.R.1    Zhou, D.2    Aubert, J.D.3    Lizee, G.4    Hayashi, S.5    Bondy, G.P.6
  • 7
    • 0027506471 scopus 로고
    • The probable arrangement of the helices in G protein-coupled receptors
    • Baldwin, J. M. (1993) The probable arrangement of the helices in G protein-coupled receptors. EMBO J. 12, 1693-1703.
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 1693-1703
    • Baldwin, J.M.1
  • 8
    • 0022976892 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of human airways in health and disease
    • Barnes, P. J. (1986) Neural control of human airways in health and disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 134, 1289-1314.
    • (1986) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.134 , pp. 1289-1314
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 9
    • 0027509977 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes in airways
    • Barnes, P. J. (1993) Muscarinic receptor subtypes in airways. Life Sci. 52, 521-527.
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.52 , pp. 521-527
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 10
    • 0028956973 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma
    • Barnes, P. J. (1995) Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 868-875.
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.332 , pp. 868-875
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 11
    • 0032724630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel approaches and targets for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes, P. J. (1999) Novel approaches and targets for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160, S72-S79.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.160
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 0024545977 scopus 로고
    • Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation
    • Beasley, R.; Roche, W. R.; Roberts, J. A. and Holgate, S. T. (1989) Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 139, 806-817.
    • (1989) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.139 , pp. 806-817
    • Beasley, R.1    Roche, W.R.2    Roberts, J.A.3    Holgate, S.T.4
  • 13
    • 27644530096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic pathways in the lungs and anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Belmonte, K. E. (2005) Cholinergic pathways in the lungs and anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2, 297-304.
    • (2005) Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc , vol.2 , pp. 297-304
    • Belmonte, K.E.1
  • 14
    • 25444440319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling and regulation of G protein-coupled receptors in airway smooth muscle
    • Billington, C. K. and Penn, R. B. (2003) Signaling and regulation of G protein-coupled receptors in airway smooth muscle. Respir. Res. 4, 2.
    • (2003) Respir. Res , vol.4 , pp. 2
    • Billington, C.K.1    Penn, R.B.2
  • 16
    • 37349091262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ADRB2 polymorphisms on response to longacting beta2-agonist therapy: A pharmacogenetic analysis of two randomised studies
    • Bleecker, E. R.; Postma, D. S.; Lawrance, R. M.; Meyers, D. A.; Ambrose, H. J. and Goldman, M. (2007) Effect of ADRB2 polymorphisms on response to longacting beta2-agonist therapy: a pharmacogenetic analysis of two randomised studies. Lancet 370, 2118-2125.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 2118-2125
    • Bleecker, E.R.1    Postma, D.S.2    Lawrance, R.M.3    Meyers, D.A.4    Ambrose, H.J.5    Goldman, M.6
  • 17
    • 0030987069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How receptors talk to trimeric G proteins
    • Bourne, H. R. (1997) How receptors talk to trimeric G proteins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9, 134-142.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 134-142
    • Bourne, H.R.1
  • 18
    • 0021307240 scopus 로고
    • The role of the parasympathetic system in the regulation of bronchial smooth muscle
    • Boushey, H. A. (1984) The role of the parasympathetic system in the regulation of bronchial smooth muscle. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. Suppl. 135, 80-90.
    • (1984) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. Suppl , vol.135 , pp. 80-90
    • Boushey, H.A.1
  • 19
    • 0028353880 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis: Excessive bronchoconstriction in asthma is due to decreased airway elastance
    • Bramley, A. M.; Thomson, R. J.; Roberts, C. R. and Schellenberg, R. R. (1994) Hypothesis: excessive bronchoconstriction in asthma is due to decreased airway elastance. Eur. Respir J. 7, 337-341.
    • (1994) Eur. Respir J , vol.7 , pp. 337-341
    • Bramley, A.M.1    Thomson, R.J.2    Roberts, C.R.3    Schellenberg, R.R.4
  • 20
    • 0024559602 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effect of ipratropium and albuterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease
    • Braun, S. R.; McKenzie, W. N.; Copeland, C.; Knight, L. and Ellersieck, M. (1989) A comparison of the effect of ipratropium and albuterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 149, 544-547.
    • (1989) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.149 , pp. 544-547
    • Braun, S.R.1    McKenzie, W.N.2    Copeland, C.3    Knight, L.4    Ellersieck, M.5
  • 21
    • 0038366897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD
    • Brusasco, V.; Hodder, R.; Miravitlles, M.; Korducki, L.; Towse, L. and Kesten, S. (2003) Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. Thorax 58, 399-404.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 399-404
    • Brusasco, V.1    Hodder, R.2    Miravitlles, M.3    Korducki, L.4    Towse, L.5    Kesten, S.6
  • 22
    • 0032862341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross talk between m3-muscarinic and beta 2-adrenergic receptors at the level of receptor phosphorylation and desensitization
    • Budd, D. C.; Challiss, R. A.; Young, K. W. and Tobin, A. B. (1999) Cross talk between m3-muscarinic and beta 2-adrenergic receptors at the level of receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Mol. Pharmacol. 56, 813-823.
    • (1999) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 813-823
    • Budd, D.C.1    Challiss, R.A.2    Young, K.W.3    Tobin, A.B.4
  • 24
    • 0041853629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley, P. M.; Burge, P. S.; Spencer, S.; Anderson, J. A. and Jones, P. W. (2003) Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 58, 659-664.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 659-664
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Burge, P.S.2    Spencer, S.3    Anderson, J.A.4    Jones, P.W.5
  • 25
    • 24144458943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the frequency and severity of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley, P. M. (2004) Reducing the frequency and severity of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 1, 121-124.
    • (2004) Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc , vol.1 , pp. 121-124
    • Calverley, P.M.1
  • 26
    • 0035257236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study designs for complex diseases
    • Cardon, L. R. and Bell, J. I. (2001) Association study designs for complex diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2, 91-99.
    • (2001) Nat. Rev. Genet , vol.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Bell, J.I.2
  • 27
    • 0031774720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Caulfield, M. P. and Birdsall, N. J. (1998) International union of pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 50, 279-290.
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Rev , vol.50 , pp. 279-290
    • Caulfield, M.P.1    Birdsall, N.J.2
  • 29
    • 33644787781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between bronchodilating response to short-acting beta-agonist and non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of beta-adrenoceptor gene
    • Cho S. H.; Oh, S. Y.; Bahn, J. W.; Choi, J. Y.; Chang, Y. S.; Kim, Y. K.; Min, K. U. and Kim Y. Y. (2005) Association between bronchodilating response to short-acting beta-agonist and non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of beta-adrenoceptor gene. Clin. Exp. Allergy 35, 1162-1167.
    • (2005) Clin. Exp. Allergy , vol.35 , pp. 1162-1167
    • Cho, S.H.1    Oh, S.Y.2    Bahn, J.W.3    Choi, J.Y.4    Chang, Y.S.5    Kim, Y.K.6    Min, K.U.7    Kim, Y.Y.8
  • 30
    • 20144363204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choudhry, S.; Ung, N.; Avila, P. C.; Ziv, E.; Nazario, S.; Casal, J.; Torres, A.; Gorman, J. D.; Salari, K.; Rodriguez-Santana, J. R.; Toscano, M.; Sylvia, J. S.; Alioto, M.; Castro, R. A.; Salazar, M.; Gomez, I.; Fagan, J. K.; Salas, J.; Clark, S.; Lilly, C.; Matallana, H.; Selman, M.; Chapela, R.; Sheppard, D.; Weiss, S. T.; Ford, J. G.; Boushey, H. A.; Drazen, J. M.; Rodriguez-Cintron, W.; Silverman, E. K. and Burchard, E. G. (2005) Pharmacogenetic differences in response to albuterol between Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171, 563-570.
    • Choudhry, S.; Ung, N.; Avila, P. C.; Ziv, E.; Nazario, S.; Casal, J.; Torres, A.; Gorman, J. D.; Salari, K.; Rodriguez-Santana, J. R.; Toscano, M.; Sylvia, J. S.; Alioto, M.; Castro, R. A.; Salazar, M.; Gomez, I.; Fagan, J. K.; Salas, J.; Clark, S.; Lilly, C.; Matallana, H.; Selman, M.; Chapela, R.; Sheppard, D.; Weiss, S. T.; Ford, J. G.; Boushey, H. A.; Drazen, J. M.; Rodriguez-Cintron, W.; Silverman, E. K. and Burchard, E. G. (2005) Pharmacogenetic differences in response to albuterol between Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171, 563-570.
  • 31
    • 0027495684 scopus 로고
    • New roles for G-protein beta gamma-dimers in transmembrane signalling
    • Clapham, D. E. and Neer, E. J. (1993) New roles for G-protein beta gamma-dimers in transmembrane signalling. Nature 365, 403-406.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 403-406
    • Clapham, D.E.1    Neer, E.J.2
  • 32
    • 0037426052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes
    • Colhoun, H. M.; McKeigue, P. M. and Davey Smith, G. (2003) Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 361, 865-872.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 865-872
    • Colhoun, H.M.1    McKeigue, P.M.2    Davey Smith, G.3
  • 33
    • 0017137378 scopus 로고
    • The lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor in normal subjects and patients with bronchial asthma: The effect of different forms of treatment on receptor function
    • Conolly, M. E. and Greenacre, J. K. (1976) The lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor in normal subjects and patients with bronchial asthma: the effect of different forms of treatment on receptor function. J. Clin. Invest. 58, 1307-1316.
    • (1976) J. Clin. Invest , vol.58 , pp. 1307-1316
    • Conolly, M.E.1    Greenacre, J.K.2
  • 34
    • 18144430985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the association of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms with asthma phenotypes
    • Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D. G.; Manoli, E. N. and Ioannidis, J. P. (2005) Meta-analysis of the association of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms with asthma phenotypes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115, 963-972.
    • (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.115 , pp. 963-972
    • Contopoulos-Ioannidis, D.G.1    Manoli, E.N.2    Ioannidis, J.P.3
  • 35
    • 0036797562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epistasis: What it means, what it doesn't mean, and statistical methods to detect it in humans
    • Cordell, H. J. (2002) Epistasis: what it means, what it doesn't mean, and statistical methods to detect it in humans. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 2463-2468.
    • (2002) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.11 , pp. 2463-2468
    • Cordell, H.J.1
  • 36
    • 0030613761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching of the coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A
    • Daaka, Y.; Luttrell, L. M. and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1997) Switching of the coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A. Nature 390, 88-91.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 88-91
    • Daaka, Y.1    Luttrell, L.M.2    Lefkowitz, R.J.3
  • 38
    • 0023121433 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic innervation of human tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle
    • Davis, C. and Kannan, M. S. (1987) Sympathetic innervation of human tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle. Respir. Physiol. 68, 53-61.
    • (1987) Respir. Physiol , vol.68 , pp. 53-61
    • Davis, C.1    Kannan, M.S.2
  • 39
    • 0031881261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of salmeterol compared to theophylline: Meta-analysis of nine controlled studies
    • Davies, B.; Brooks, G. and Devoy, M. (1998) The efficacy and safety of salmeterol compared to theophylline: meta-analysis of nine controlled studies. Respir. Med. 92, 256-263.
    • (1998) Respir. Med , vol.92 , pp. 256-263
    • Davies, B.1    Brooks, G.2    Devoy, M.3
  • 40
    • 0032589259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association studies on beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and enhanced IgE responsiveness in an atopic population
    • Deichmann, K. A.; Schmidt, A.; Heinzmann, A.; Kruse, S.; Forster, J. and Kuehr, J. (1999) Association studies on beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and enhanced IgE responsiveness in an atopic population. Clin. Exp. Allergy 29, 794-799.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Allergy , vol.29 , pp. 794-799
    • Deichmann, K.A.1    Schmidt, A.2    Heinzmann, A.3    Kruse, S.4    Forster, J.5    Kuehr, J.6
  • 42
    • 0024340757 scopus 로고
    • Relaxation of human peripheral airway smooth muscle in vitro does not correlate with severity of chronic airflow limitation in vivo
    • de Jongste, J. C.; Mons, H.; Bonta, I. L. and Kerrebijn, K. F. (1989) Relaxation of human peripheral airway smooth muscle in vitro does not correlate with severity of chronic airflow limitation in vivo. Pulm. Pharmacol. 2, 75-79.
    • (1989) Pulm. Pharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 75-79
    • de Jongste, J.C.1    Mons, H.2    Bonta, I.L.3    Kerrebijn, K.F.4
  • 45
    • 0037338885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variation in the promoter region of the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 gene and asthma and atopy
    • Donfack, J.; Kogut, P.; Forsythe, S.; Solway, J. and Ober, C. (2003) Sequence variation in the promoter region of the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 gene and asthma and atopy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111, 527-532.
    • (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 527-532
    • Donfack, J.1    Kogut, P.2    Forsythe, S.3    Solway, J.4    Ober, C.5
  • 46
    • 0036305399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol
    • Donohue, J. F.; van Noord, J. A.; Bateman, E. D.; Langley, S. J.; Lee, A.; Witek, T. J. Jr.; Kesten, S. and Towse, L. (2002) A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol. Chest 122, 47-55.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 47-55
    • Donohue, J.F.1    van Noord, J.A.2    Bateman, E.D.3    Langley, S.J.4    Lee, A.5    Witek Jr., T.J.6    Kesten, S.7    Towse, L.8
  • 47
    • 0030442725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes and smooth muscle function
    • Eglen, R. M.; Hegde, S. S. and Watson, N. (1996) Muscarinic receptor subtypes and smooth muscle function. Pharmacol. Rev. 48, 531-565.
    • (1996) Pharmacol. Rev , vol.48 , pp. 531-565
    • Eglen, R.M.1    Hegde, S.S.2    Watson, N.3
  • 48
    • 0037069690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho GTPases in cell biology
    • Etienne-Manneville, S. and Hall, A. (2002) Rho GTPases in cell biology. Nature 420, 629-635.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 629-635
    • Etienne-Manneville, S.1    Hall, A.2
  • 49
    • 0034981868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation screening of the muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor genes in normal and asthmatic subjects
    • Fenech, A. G.; Ebejer, M. J.; Felice, A. E.; Ellul-Micallef, R. and Hall, I. P. (2001) Mutation screening of the muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor genes in normal and asthmatic subjects. Br. J. Pharmacol. 133, 43-48.
    • (2001) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.133 , pp. 43-48
    • Fenech, A.G.1    Ebejer, M.J.2    Felice, A.E.3    Ellul-Micallef, R.4    Hall, I.P.5
  • 50
    • 0026612959 scopus 로고
    • M2 muscarinic receptors inhibit isoproterenol-induced relaxation of canine airway smooth muscle
    • Fernandes, L. B.; Fryer, A. D. and Hirshman, C. A. (1992) M2 muscarinic receptors inhibit isoproterenol-induced relaxation of canine airway smooth muscle. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 262, 119-126.
    • (1992) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.262 , pp. 119-126
    • Fernandes, L.B.1    Fryer, A.D.2    Hirshman, C.A.3
  • 51
    • 3042819787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of vagally mediated bradycardia and bronchoconstriction in mice lacking M2 or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Fisher, J. T.; Vincent, S. G.; Gomeza, J.; Yamada, M. and Wess, J. (2004) Loss of vagally mediated bradycardia and bronchoconstriction in mice lacking M2 or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. FASEB J. 18, 711-713.
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 711-713
    • Fisher, J.T.1    Vincent, S.G.2    Gomeza, J.3    Yamada, M.4    Wess, J.5
  • 52
    • 0021682569 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic inhibitory receptors in pulmonary parasympathetic nerves in the guinea-pig
    • Fryer, A. D. and Maclagan, J. (1984) Muscarinic inhibitory receptors in pulmonary parasympathetic nerves in the guinea-pig. Br. J. Pharmacol. 83, 973-978.
    • (1984) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.83 , pp. 973-978
    • Fryer, A.D.1    Maclagan, J.2
  • 53
    • 0031787012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptors and control of airway smooth muscle
    • Fryer, A. D. and Jacoby, D. B. (1998) Muscarinic receptors and control of airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 158, S154-S160.
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.158
    • Fryer, A.D.1    Jacoby, D.B.2
  • 54
    • 0018834487 scopus 로고
    • Beta adrenergic receptors of polymorphonuclear particulates in bronchial asthma
    • Galant, S. P.; Duriseti, L.; Underwood, S.; Allred, S. and Insel, P. A. (1980) Beta adrenergic receptors of polymorphonuclear particulates in bronchial asthma. J. Clin. Invest. 65, 577-585.
    • (1980) J. Clin. Invest , vol.65 , pp. 577-585
    • Galant, S.P.1    Duriseti, L.2    Underwood, S.3    Allred, S.4    Insel, P.A.5
  • 55
    • 33750742437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the dogma: Novel beta2-adrenoceptor signalling in the airways
    • Giembycz, M. A. and Newton, R. (2006) Beyond the dogma: novel beta2-adrenoceptor signalling in the airways. Eur. Respir. J. 27, 1286-1306.
    • (2006) Eur. Respir. J , vol.27 , pp. 1286-1306
    • Giembycz, M.A.1    Newton, R.2
  • 57
    • 33745218112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor signaling in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD
    • Gosens, R.; Zaagsma, J.; Meurs, H. and Halayko, A. J. (2006) Muscarinic receptor signaling in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. Respir. Res. 7, 73.
    • (2006) Respir. Res , vol.7 , pp. 73
    • Gosens, R.1    Zaagsma, J.2    Meurs, H.3    Halayko, A.J.4
  • 58
    • 0027519404 scopus 로고
    • A polymorphism of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor within the fourth transmembrane domain alters ligand binding and functional properties of the receptor
    • Green, S. A.; Cole, G.; Jacinto, M.; Innis, M. and Liggett, S. B. (1993) A polymorphism of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor within the fourth transmembrane domain alters ligand binding and functional properties of the receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 23116-23121.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem , vol.268 , pp. 23116-23121
    • Green, S.A.1    Cole, G.2    Jacinto, M.3    Innis, M.4    Liggett, S.B.5
  • 59
    • 0029339086 scopus 로고
    • Influence of beta 2-adrenergic receptor genotypes on signal transduction in human airway smooth muscle cells
    • Green, S. A.; Turki, J.; Bejarano, P.; Hall, I. P. and Liggett, S. B. (1995) Influence of beta 2-adrenergic receptor genotypes on signal transduction in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 13, 25-33.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.13 , pp. 25-33
    • Green, S.A.1    Turki, J.2    Bejarano, P.3    Hall, I.P.4    Liggett, S.B.5
  • 60
    • 0021175444 scopus 로고
    • Role of the parasympathetic system in airway obstruction due to emphysema
    • Gross, N. J. and Skorodin, M. S. (1984) Role of the parasympathetic system in airway obstruction due to emphysema. N. Engl. J. Med. 311, 421-425.
    • (1984) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.311 , pp. 421-425
    • Gross, N.J.1    Skorodin, M.S.2
  • 61
    • 33644763963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic agents in asthma and COPD
    • Gross, N. J. (2006) Anticholinergic agents in asthma and COPD. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 533, 36-39.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.533 , pp. 36-39
    • Gross, N.J.1
  • 62
    • 34447289205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airways: An unappreciated regulatory role in pulmonary inflammation?
    • Gwilt, C. R.; Donnelly, L. E. and Rogers, D. F. (2007) The non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airways: an unappreciated regulatory role in pulmonary inflammation? Pharmacol. Ther. 115, 208-222.
    • (2007) Pharmacol. Ther , vol.115 , pp. 208-222
    • Gwilt, C.R.1    Donnelly, L.E.2    Rogers, D.F.3
  • 63
    • 0029775155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor expression in peripheral lung from normal and asthmatic patients
    • Haddad, E. B.; Mak, J. C.; Belvisi, M. G.; Nishikawa, M.; Rousell, J. and Barnes, P. J. (1996) Muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor expression in peripheral lung from normal and asthmatic patients. Am. J. Physiol. 270, L947-L953.
    • (1996) Am. J. Physiol , vol.270
    • Haddad, E.B.1    Mak, J.C.2    Belvisi, M.G.3    Nishikawa, M.4    Rousell, J.5    Barnes, P.J.6
  • 64
    • 0029045292 scopus 로고
    • Association of Glu 27 beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism with lower airway reactivity in asthmatic subjects
    • Hall, I. P.; Wheatley, A.; Wilding, P. and Liggett, S. B. (1995) Association of Glu 27 beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism with lower airway reactivity in asthmatic subjects. Lancet 345, 1213-1214.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 1213-1214
    • Hall, I.P.1    Wheatley, A.2    Wilding, P.3    Liggett, S.B.4
  • 65
    • 0029665825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta 2 adrenoceptor polymorphisms: Are they clinically important?
    • Hall, I. P. (1996) Beta 2 adrenoceptor polymorphisms: are they clinically important? Thorax 51, 351-353.
    • (1996) Thorax , vol.51 , pp. 351-353
    • Hall, I.P.1
  • 66
    • 0033623954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second messengers, ion channels and pharmacology of airway smooth muscle
    • Hall, I. P. (2000) Second messengers, ion channels and pharmacology of airway smooth muscle. Eur. Respir. J. 15, 1120-1127.
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J , vol.15 , pp. 1120-1127
    • Hall, I.P.1
  • 67
    • 27144522107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of an agonist-induced conformational change occurring adjacent to the ligand-binding pocket of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
    • Han, S. J.; Hamdan, F. F.; Kim, S. K.; Jacobson, K. A.; Bloodworth, L. M.; Li, B. and Wess, J. (2005) Identification of an agonist-induced conformational change occurring adjacent to the ligand-binding pocket of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 34849-34858.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 34849-34858
    • Han, S.J.1    Hamdan, F.F.2    Kim, S.K.3    Jacobson, K.A.4    Bloodworth, L.M.5    Li, B.6    Wess, J.7
  • 68
    • 0031597001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of the beta2-adrenoceptor and the response to long-term beta2-agonist therapy in asthma
    • Hancox, R. J.; Sears, M. R. and Taylor, D. R. (1998) Polymorphism of the beta2-adrenoceptor and the response to long-term beta2-agonist therapy in asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 11, 589-593.
    • (1998) Eur. Respir. J , vol.11 , pp. 589-593
    • Hancox, R.J.1    Sears, M.R.2    Taylor, D.R.3
  • 69
    • 36349014174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta 2-adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphisms and short-term bronchodilator responses in patients with COPD
    • Hizawa, N.; Makita, H.; Nasuhara, Y.; Betsuyaku, T.; Itoh, Y.; Nagai, K.; Hasegawa, M. and Nishimura, M. (2007) beta 2-adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphisms and short-term bronchodilator responses in patients with COPD. Chest 132, 1485-1492.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1485-1492
    • Hizawa, N.1    Makita, H.2    Nasuhara, Y.3    Betsuyaku, T.4    Itoh, Y.5    Nagai, K.6    Hasegawa, M.7    Nishimura, M.8
  • 70
    • 0035170742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of the beta 2-adrenoceptor in COPD in Chinese subjects
    • Ho, L. I.; Harn, H. J.; Chen, C. J. and Tsai, N. M. (2001) Polymorphism of the beta 2-adrenoceptor in COPD in Chinese subjects. Chest 120, 1493-1499.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Ho, L.I.1    Harn, H.J.2    Chen, C.J.3    Tsai, N.M.4
  • 71
    • 4344675455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Hogg, J. C. (2004) Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 364, 709-721.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 709-721
    • Hogg, J.C.1
  • 73
    • 0033915078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israel, E.; Drazen, J. M.; Liggett, S. B.; Boushey, H. A.; Cherniack, R. M.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Cooper, D. M.; Fahy, J. V.; Fish, J. E.; Ford, J. G.; Kraft, M.; Kunselman, S.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F.; Martin, R. J.; McLean, D. E.; Peters, S. P.; Silverman, E. K.; Sorkness, C. A.; Szefler, S. J.; Weiss, S. T. and Yandava, C. N. (2000) The effect of polymorphisms of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor on the response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162, 75-80.
    • Israel, E.; Drazen, J. M.; Liggett, S. B.; Boushey, H. A.; Cherniack, R. M.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Cooper, D. M.; Fahy, J. V.; Fish, J. E.; Ford, J. G.; Kraft, M.; Kunselman, S.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F.; Martin, R. J.; McLean, D. E.; Peters, S. P.; Silverman, E. K.; Sorkness, C. A.; Szefler, S. J.; Weiss, S. T. and Yandava, C. N. (2000) The effect of polymorphisms of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor on the response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162, 75-80.
  • 74
    • 6944232728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israel, E.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Ford, J. G.; Boushey, H. A.; Cherniack, R.; Craig, T. J.; Deykin, A.; Fagan, J. K.; Fahy, J. V.; Fish, J.; Kraft, M.; Kunselman, S. J.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F. Jr.; Liggett, S. B.; Martin, R. J.; Mitra, N.; Peters, S. P.; Silverman, E.; Sorkness, C. A.; Szefler, S. J.; Wechsler, M. E.; Weiss, S. T. and Drazen, J. M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. (2004) Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Lancet 364, 1505-1512.
    • Israel, E.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Ford, J. G.; Boushey, H. A.; Cherniack, R.; Craig, T. J.; Deykin, A.; Fagan, J. K.; Fahy, J. V.; Fish, J.; Kraft, M.; Kunselman, S. J.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F. Jr.; Liggett, S. B.; Martin, R. J.; Mitra, N.; Peters, S. P.; Silverman, E.; Sorkness, C. A.; Szefler, S. J.; Wechsler, M. E.; Weiss, S. T. and Drazen, J. M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. (2004) Use of regularly scheduled albuterol treatment in asthma: genotype-stratified, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Lancet 364, 1505-1512.
  • 75
    • 0032504237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled receptors. I. Diversity of receptor-ligand interactions
    • Ji, T. H.; Grossmann, M. and Ji, I. (1998) G protein-coupled receptors. I. Diversity of receptor-ligand interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17299-17302.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 17299-17302
    • Ji, T.H.1    Grossmann, M.2    Ji, I.3
  • 76
    • 67649339146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johnson, M. (1992) Mechanisms of action of β-adrenoceptor agonists. In Beta-Agonists in the Treatment of Asthma; Costello, J. F. and Mann, R. D.; Eds.; Parthenon: Carnforth, pp. 27-42.
    • Johnson, M. (1992) Mechanisms of action of β-adrenoceptor agonists. In Beta-Agonists in the Treatment of Asthma; Costello, J. F. and Mann, R. D.; Eds.; Parthenon: Carnforth, pp. 27-42.
  • 77
    • 0018936285 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural study of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and its innervation
    • Jones, T. R.; Kannan, M. S. and Daniel, E. E. (1980) Ultrastructural study of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and its innervation. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58, 974-983.
    • (1980) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 974-983
    • Jones, T.R.1    Kannan, M.S.2    Daniel, E.E.3
  • 78
    • 0028841290 scopus 로고
    • Expression and function of the beta-adrenergic receptor coupled-adenylyl cyclase system on human airway epithelial cells
    • Kelsen, S. G.; Higgins, N. C.; Zhou, S.; Mardini, I. A. and Benovic, J. L. (1995) Expression and function of the beta-adrenergic receptor coupled-adenylyl cyclase system on human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152, 1774-1783.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.152 , pp. 1774-1783
    • Kelsen, S.G.1    Higgins, N.C.2    Zhou, S.3    Mardini, I.A.4    Benovic, J.L.5
  • 79
    • 0035883494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting inhaled beta(2)-agonist therapy in asthma
    • Kips, J. C. and Pauwels, R. A. (2001) Long-acting inhaled beta(2)-agonist therapy in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164, 923-932.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 923-932
    • Kips, J.C.1    Pauwels, R.A.2
  • 80
    • 2442549709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K6oike, K.; Yamashita, Y.; Horinouchi, T.; Yamaki, F. and Tanaka, Y. (2004) cAMP-independent mechanism is significantly involved in beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated tracheal relaxation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 492, 65-70.
    • K6oike, K.; Yamashita, Y.; Horinouchi, T.; Yamaki, F. and Tanaka, Y. (2004) cAMP-independent mechanism is significantly involved in beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated tracheal relaxation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 492, 65-70.
  • 81
    • 0032589460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect airway responsiveness to salbutamol in asthmatics
    • Kotani, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Maeda, H. and Yokoyama, M. (1999) Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect airway responsiveness to salbutamol in asthmatics. J. Asthma 36, 583-590.
    • (1999) J. Asthma , vol.36 , pp. 583-590
    • Kotani, Y.1    Nishimura, Y.2    Maeda, H.3    Yokoyama, M.4
  • 82
    • 0026697298 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity
    • Koyama, S.; Rennard, S. I. and Robbins, R. A. (1992) Acetylcholine stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity. Am. J. Physiol. 262, L466-L471.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol , vol.262
    • Koyama, S.1    Rennard, S.I.2    Robbins, R.A.3
  • 83
    • 0021910372 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic innervation of the human respiratory tract as revealed by histochemical and ultrastructural methods
    • Laitinen, A. (1985) Autonomic innervation of the human respiratory tract as revealed by histochemical and ultrastructural methods. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. (Suppl.) 140, 1-42.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. (Suppl.) , vol.140 , pp. 1-42
    • Laitinen, A.1
  • 84
    • 0027318687 scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of increased airway smooth muscle in asthma and COPD
    • Lambert, R. K.; Wiggs, B. R.; Kuwano, K.; Hogg, J. C. and Paré, P. D. (1993) Functional significance of increased airway smooth muscle in asthma and COPD. J. Appl. Physiol. 74, 2771-2781.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.74 , pp. 2771-2781
    • Lambert, R.K.1    Wiggs, B.R.2    Kuwano, K.3    Hogg, J.C.4    Paré, P.D.5
  • 85
    • 0347319054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arginine-16 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism predisposes to bronchoprotective subsensitivity in patients treated with formoterol and salmeterol
    • Lee, D. K.; Currie, G. P.; Hall, I. P.; Lima, J. J. and Lipworth, B. J. (2004) The arginine-16 beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism predisposes to bronchoprotective subsensitivity in patients treated with formoterol and salmeterol. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 57, 68-75.
    • (2004) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 68-75
    • Lee, D.K.1    Currie, G.P.2    Hall, I.P.3    Lima, J.J.4    Lipworth, B.J.5
  • 86
    • 17644402459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transduction of receptor signals by beta-arrestins
    • Lefkowitz, R. J. and Shenoy, S. K. (2005) Transduction of receptor signals by beta-arrestins. Science 308, 512-517.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 512-517
    • Lefkowitz, R.J.1    Shenoy, S.K.2
  • 87
    • 34147137118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven transmembrane receptors: Something old, something new
    • Lefkowitz, R. J. (2007) Seven transmembrane receptors: something old, something new. Acta Physiol. 190, 9-19.
    • (2007) Acta Physiol , vol.190 , pp. 9-19
    • Lefkowitz, R.J.1
  • 88
    • 0028847269 scopus 로고
    • Linkage homology for bronchial hyperresponsiveness between DNA markers on human chromosome 5q31-q33 and mouse chromosome 13
    • Levitt, R. C.; Eleff, S. M.; Zhang, L. Y.; Kleeberger, S. R. and Ewart, S. L. (1995) Linkage homology for bronchial hyperresponsiveness between DNA markers on human chromosome 5q31-q33 and mouse chromosome 13. Clin. Exp. Allergy 25 (S2), 61-63.
    • (1995) Clin. Exp. Allergy , vol.25 , Issue.S2 , pp. 61-63
    • Levitt, R.C.1    Eleff, S.M.2    Zhang, L.Y.3    Kleeberger, S.R.4    Ewart, S.L.5
  • 89
    • 0345501553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on albuterol bronchodilator pharmacodynamics
    • Lima, J. J.; Thomason, D. B.; Mohamed, M. H.; Eberle, L. V.; Self, T. H. and Johnson, J. A. (1999) Impact of genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on albuterol bronchodilator pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 65, 519-525.
    • (1999) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.65 , pp. 519-525
    • Lima, J.J.1    Thomason, D.B.2    Mohamed, M.H.3    Eberle, L.V.4    Self, T.H.5    Johnson, J.A.6
  • 91
    • 34447319931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling sequence-sequence interactions for drug response
    • Lin, M.; Li, H.; Hou, W.; Johnson, J. A. and Wu, R. (2007) Modeling sequence-sequence interactions for drug response. Bioinformatics 23, 1251-1257.
    • (2007) Bioinformatics , vol.23 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Lin, M.1    Li, H.2    Hou, W.3    Johnson, J.A.4    Wu, R.5
  • 92
    • 0033059182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting beta2-agonist therapy
    • Lipworth, B. J.; Hall, I. P.; Aziz, I.; Tan, K. S. and Wheatley, A. (1999a) Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and bronchoprotective sensitivity with regular short- and long-acting beta2-agonist therapy. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 96, 253-259.
    • (1999) Clin. Sci. (Lond) , vol.96 , pp. 253-259
    • Lipworth, B.J.1    Hall, I.P.2    Aziz, I.3    Tan, K.S.4    Wheatley, A.5
  • 93
    • 0032909902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of genetic polymorphism on ex vivo and in vivo function of beta2-adrenoceptors in asthmatic patients
    • Lipworth, B. J.; Hall, I. P.; Tan, S.; Aziz, I. and Coutie, W. (1999b) Effects of genetic polymorphism on ex vivo and in vivo function of beta2-adrenoceptors in asthmatic patients. Chest 115, 324-328.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 324-328
    • Lipworth, B.J.1    Hall, I.P.2    Tan, S.3    Aziz, I.4    Coutie, W.5
  • 94
    • 0029947711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation by cAMP-dependent protein kinease of a G-protein-mediated phospholipase C
    • Liu, M. and Simon, M. I. (1996) Regulation by cAMP-dependent protein kinease of a G-protein-mediated phospholipase C. Nature 382, 83-87.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 83-87
    • Liu, M.1    Simon, M.I.2
  • 95
    • 34250821108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generalized combinatorial approach for detecting gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions with application to nicotine dependence
    • Lou, X. Y.; Chen, G. B.; Yan, L.; Ma, J. Z.; Zhu, J.; Elston, R. C. and Li, M. D. (2007) A generalized combinatorial approach for detecting gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions with application to nicotine dependence. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80, 1125-1137.
    • (2007) Am. J. Hum. Genet , vol.80 , pp. 1125-1137
    • Lou, X.Y.1    Chen, G.B.2    Yan, L.3    Ma, J.Z.4    Zhu, J.5    Elston, R.C.6    Li, M.D.7
  • 96
    • 0027404435 scopus 로고
    • Twelve month comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol as dry powder formulations in asthmatic patients. European Study Group
    • Lundback, B.; Rawlinson, D. W. and Palmer, J. B. (1993) Twelve month comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol as dry powder formulations in asthmatic patients. European Study Group. Thorax 48, 148-153.
    • (1993) Thorax , vol.48 , pp. 148-153
    • Lundback, B.1    Rawlinson, D.W.2    Palmer, J.B.3
  • 97
    • 15744364175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF, a specific link between Gq/11-coupled receptor signaling and RhoA
    • Lutz, S.; Freichel-Blomquist, A.; Yang, Y.; Rümenapp, U.; Jakobs, K. H.; Schmidt, M. and Wieland, T. (2005) The guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF, a specific link between Gq/11-coupled receptor signaling and RhoA. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 11134-11139.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 11134-11139
    • Lutz, S.1    Freichel-Blomquist, A.2    Yang, Y.3    Rümenapp, U.4    Jakobs, K.H.5    Schmidt, M.6    Wieland, T.7
  • 98
    • 0036181314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of asthma
    • Maddox, L. and Schwartz, D. A. (2002) The pathophysiology of asthma. Annu. Rev. Med. 53, 477-498.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.53 , pp. 477-498
    • Maddox, L.1    Schwartz, D.A.2
  • 101
    • 0031466866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing
    • Martinez, F. D.; Graves, P. E.; Baldini, M.; Solomon, S. and Erickson, R. (1997) Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 3184-3188.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Invest , vol.100 , pp. 3184-3188
    • Martinez, F.D.1    Graves, P.E.2    Baldini, M.3    Solomon, S.4    Erickson, R.5
  • 102
    • 33751270109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with asthma and COPD in adults
    • Matheson, M. C.; Ellis, J. A.; Raven, J.; Johns, D. P.; Walters, E. H. and Abramson, M. J. (2006) Beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with asthma and COPD in adults. J. Hum. Genet. 51, 943-951.
    • (2006) J. Hum. Genet , vol.51 , pp. 943-951
    • Matheson, M.C.1    Ellis, J.A.2    Raven, J.3    Johns, D.P.4    Walters, E.H.5    Abramson, M.J.6
  • 104
    • 27644565667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of beta2-adrenergic receptor function and regulation
    • McGraw, D. W. and Liggett, S. B. (2005) Molecular mechanisms of beta2-adrenergic receptor function and regulation. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2, 292-296.
    • (2005) Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc , vol.2 , pp. 292-296
    • McGraw, D.W.1    Liggett, S.B.2
  • 105
    • 0024850599 scopus 로고
    • A muscarinic agonist inhibits reflex bronchoconstriction in normal but not in asthmatic subjects
    • Minette, P. A.; Lammers, J. W.; Dixon, C. M.; McCusker, M. T. and Barnes, P. J. (1989) A muscarinic agonist inhibits reflex bronchoconstriction in normal but not in asthmatic subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 67, 2461-2465.
    • (1989) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 2461-2465
    • Minette, P.A.1    Lammers, J.W.2    Dixon, C.M.3    McCusker, M.T.4    Barnes, P.J.5
  • 106
    • 0345411335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ubiquitous nature of epistasis in determining susceptibility to common human diseases
    • Moore, J. H. (2003) The ubiquitous nature of epistasis in determining susceptibility to common human diseases. Hum. Hered. 56, 73-82.
    • (2003) Hum. Hered , vol.56 , pp. 73-82
    • Moore, J.H.1
  • 107
    • 11244293921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global view of epistasis
    • Moore, J. H. (2005) A global view of epistasis. Nat. Genet. 37, 13-14.
    • (2005) Nat. Genet , vol.37 , pp. 13-14
    • Moore, J.H.1
  • 109
    • 0030983708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study
    • Murray, C. J. and Lopez, A. D. (1997) Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349, 1269-1276.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1269-1276
    • Murray, C.J.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 110
    • 0030609973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic M3 receptor coupling and regulation
    • Nahorski, S. R.; Tobin, A. B. and Willars, G. B. (1997) Muscarinic M3 receptor coupling and regulation. Life Sci. 60, 1039-1045.
    • (1997) Life Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1039-1045
    • Nahorski, S.R.1    Tobin, A.B.2    Willars, G.B.3
  • 111
    • 67649370644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006 update). National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Available at GOLD website: http://www.goldcopd.com. Accessed: 24 September 2007.
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006 update). National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Available at GOLD website: http://www.goldcopd.com. Accessed: 24 September 2007.
  • 112
    • 0028860268 scopus 로고
    • Heterotrimeric G proteins: Organizers of transmembrane signals
    • Neer, E. J. (1995) Heterotrimeric G proteins: organizers of transmembrane signals. Cell 80, 249-257.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 249-257
    • Neer, E.J.1
  • 113
    • 0037205055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein pathways
    • Neves, S. R.; Ram, P. T. and Iyengar, R. (2002) G protein pathways. Science 296, 1636-1639.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1636-1639
    • Neves, S.R.1    Ram, P.T.2    Iyengar, R.3
  • 114
    • 34249285850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-neuronal cholinergic system in peripheral blood cells: Effects of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists on phagocytosis, respiratory burst and migration
    • Neumann, S.; Razen, M.; Habermehl, P.; Meyer, C. U.; Zepp, F.; Kirkpatrick, C. J. and Wessler, I. (2007) The non-neuronal cholinergic system in peripheral blood cells: effects of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists on phagocytosis, respiratory burst and migration. Life Sci. 80, 2361-2364.
    • (2007) Life Sci , vol.80 , pp. 2361-2364
    • Neumann, S.1    Razen, M.2    Habermehl, P.3    Meyer, C.U.4    Zepp, F.5    Kirkpatrick, C.J.6    Wessler, I.7
  • 115
    • 33846363929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for statistical epistasis between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and polymorphisms in RGS4, G72 (DAOA), GRM3, and DISC1: Influence on risk of schizophrenia
    • Nicodemus, K. K.; Kolachana, B. S.; Vakkalanka, R.; Straub, R. E.; Giegling, I.; Egan, M. F.; Rujescu, D. and Weinberger, D. R. (2007) Evidence for statistical epistasis between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and polymorphisms in RGS4, G72 (DAOA), GRM3, and DISC1: influence on risk of schizophrenia. Hum. Genet. 120, 889-906.
    • (2007) Hum. Genet , vol.120 , pp. 889-906
    • Nicodemus, K.K.1    Kolachana, B.S.2    Vakkalanka, R.3    Straub, R.E.4    Giegling, I.5    Egan, M.F.6    Rujescu, D.7    Weinberger, D.R.8
  • 116
    • 0033451025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmeterol reduces the need for inhaled corticosteroid in steroid-dependent asthmatics
    • Nielsen, L. P.; Pedersen, B.; Faurschou, P.; Madsen, F.; Wilcke, J. T. and Dahl, R. (1999) Salmeterol reduces the need for inhaled corticosteroid in steroid-dependent asthmatics. Respir. Med. 93, 863-868.
    • (1999) Respir. Med , vol.93 , pp. 863-868
    • Nielsen, L.P.1    Pedersen, B.2    Faurschou, P.3    Madsen, F.4    Wilcke, J.T.5    Dahl, R.6
  • 120
    • 33750302641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine-16 beta2 adrenoceptor genotype predisposes to exacerbations in young asthmatics taking regular salmeterol
    • Palmer, C. N.; Lipworth, B. J.; Lee, S.; Ismail, T.; Macgregor, D. F. and Mukhopadhyay, S. (2006) Arginine-16 beta2 adrenoceptor genotype predisposes to exacerbations in young asthmatics taking regular salmeterol. Thorax 61, 940-944.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 940-944
    • Palmer, C.N.1    Lipworth, B.J.2    Lee, S.3    Ismail, T.4    Macgregor, D.F.5    Mukhopadhyay, S.6
  • 121
    • 0036172819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway hyper-responsiveness and calcium handling by smooth muscle: A "deeper look
    • Parameswaran, K.; Janssen, L. J. and O'Byrne, P. M. (2002) Airway hyper-responsiveness and calcium handling by smooth muscle: a "deeper look". Chest 121, 621-624.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , pp. 621-624
    • Parameswaran, K.1    Janssen, L.J.2    O'Byrne, P.M.3
  • 126
    • 33947375174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological roles of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins
    • Premont, R. T. and Gainetdinov, R. R. (2007) Physiological roles of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 69, 511-534.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 511-534
    • Premont, R.T.1    Gainetdinov, R.R.2
  • 127
    • 27644482811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta2-agonist and anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of lung disease
    • Proskocil, B. J. and Fryer, A. D. (2005) Beta2-agonist and anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of lung disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2, 305-310.
    • (2005) Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc , vol.2 , pp. 305-310
    • Proskocil, B.J.1    Fryer, A.D.2
  • 130
    • 0027564307 scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding for the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects
    • Reihsaus, E.; Innis, M.; MacIntyre, N. and Liggett, S. B. (1993) Mutations in the gene encoding for the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 8, 334-339.
    • (1993) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 334-339
    • Reihsaus, E.1    Innis, M.2    MacIntyre, N.3    Liggett, S.B.4
  • 131
    • 0014684213 scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on airway conductance and lung volume in normal and asthmatic subjects
    • Richardson, P. S. and Sterling, G. M. (1969) Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on airway conductance and lung volume in normal and asthmatic subjects. Br. Med. J. 3, 143-145.
    • (1969) Br. Med. J , vol.3 , pp. 143-145
    • Richardson, P.S.1    Sterling, G.M.2
  • 132
    • 0347706946 scopus 로고
    • Nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous system in human airways
    • Richardson, J. and Béland, J. (1976) Nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous system in human airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 41, 764-771.
    • (1976) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 764-771
    • Richardson, J.1    Béland, J.2
  • 133
    • 0018775840 scopus 로고
    • Nerve supply to the lungs
    • Richardson, J. B. (1979) Nerve supply to the lungs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119, 785-802.
    • (1979) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.119 , pp. 785-802
    • Richardson, J.B.1
  • 134
    • 0025191514 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic M3 receptors mediate contraction of human central and peripheral airway smooth muscle
    • Roffel, A. F.; Elzinga, C. R. and Zaagsma, J. (1990) Muscarinic M3 receptors mediate contraction of human central and peripheral airway smooth muscle. Pulm. Pharmacol. 3, 47-51.
    • (1990) Pulm. Pharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 47-51
    • Roffel, A.F.1    Elzinga, C.R.2    Zaagsma, J.3
  • 135
    • 21144456279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of M3 muscarinic receptors in ACh-induced increase in membrane-associated RhoA of rat bronchial smooth muscle
    • Sakai, H.; Shirai, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Chiba, Y. and Misawa, M. (2005) Involvement of M3 muscarinic receptors in ACh-induced increase in membrane-associated RhoA of rat bronchial smooth muscle. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 625-628.
    • (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.28 , pp. 625-628
    • Sakai, H.1    Shirai, T.2    Yamamoto, M.3    Chiba, Y.4    Misawa, M.5
  • 136
    • 34147161691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel aspects of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling - different ways to achieve specificity
    • Schulte, G. and Levy, F. O. (2007) Novel aspects of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling - different ways to achieve specificity. Acta Physiol. 190, 33-38.
    • (2007) Acta Physiol , vol.190 , pp. 33-38
    • Schulte, G.1    Levy, F.O.2
  • 137
    • 0028271728 scopus 로고
    • Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and loss of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function
    • Schultheis, A. H.; Bassett, D. J. and Fryer, A. D. (1994) Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and loss of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function. J. Appl. Physiol. 76, 1088-1097.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 1088-1097
    • Schultheis, A.H.1    Bassett, D.J.2    Fryer, A.D.3
  • 139
    • 0032033682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein-coupled-receptor cross-talk: The fine-tuning of multiple receptor-signalling pathways
    • Selbie, L. A. and Hill, S. J. (1998) G protein-coupled-receptor cross-talk: the fine-tuning of multiple receptor-signalling pathways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 87-93.
    • (1998) Trends Pharmacol. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 87-93
    • Selbie, L.A.1    Hill, S.J.2
  • 140
  • 141
    • 0141751697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin II: Modulated by G proteins, kinases, and myosin phosphatase
    • Somlyo, A. P. and Somlyo, A. V. (2003) Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin II: modulated by G proteins, kinases, and myosin phosphatase. Physiol. Rev. 83, 1325-1358.
    • (2003) Physiol. Rev , vol.83 , pp. 1325-1358
    • Somlyo, A.P.1    Somlyo, A.V.2
  • 142
    • 0034858918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the anti-spasmogenic effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, on guinea-pig trachealis is not mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
    • Spicuzza, L.; Belvisi, M. G.; Birrell, M. A.; Barnes, P. J.; Hele, D. J. and Giembycz, M. A. (2001) Evidence that the anti-spasmogenic effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, on guinea-pig trachealis is not mediated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Br. J. Pharmacol. 133, 1201-1212.
    • (2001) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.133 , pp. 1201-1212
    • Spicuzza, L.1    Belvisi, M.G.2    Birrell, M.A.3    Barnes, P.J.4    Hele, D.J.5    Giembycz, M.A.6
  • 144
    • 0036087875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M(3)-receptor knockout mice: Muscarinic receptor function in atria, stomach fundus, urinary bladder, and trachea
    • Stengel, P. W.; Yamada, M.; Wess, J. and Cohen, M. L. (2002) M(3)-receptor knockout mice: muscarinic receptor function in atria, stomach fundus, urinary bladder, and trachea. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282, R1443-R1449.
    • (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol , vol.282
    • Stengel, P.W.1    Yamada, M.2    Wess, J.3    Cohen, M.L.4
  • 145
  • 147
    • 0030860288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and susceptibility to bronchodilator desensitisation in moderately severe stable asthmatics
    • Tan, S.; Hall, I. P.; Dewar, J.; Dow, E. and Lipworth, B. (1997) Association between beta 2-adrenoceptor polymorphism and susceptibility to bronchodilator desensitisation in moderately severe stable asthmatics. Lancet 350, 995-999.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 995-999
    • Tan, S.1    Hall, I.P.2    Dewar, J.3    Dow, E.4    Lipworth, B.5
  • 148
    • 0032778455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced Ca(2+) mobilization in airway smooth muscle contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness in an inbred strain of rat
    • Tao, F. C.; Tolloczko, B.; Eidelman, D. H. and Martin, J. G. (1999) Enhanced Ca(2+) mobilization in airway smooth muscle contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness in an inbred strain of rat. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160, 446-453.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.160 , pp. 446-453
    • Tao, F.C.1    Tolloczko, B.2    Eidelman, D.H.3    Martin, J.G.4
  • 149
    • 0036848231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of cholinergic markers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
    • Tayebati, S. K.; El-Assouad, D.; Ricci, A. and Amenta, F. (2002) Immunochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of cholinergic markers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J. Neuroimmunol. 132, 147-155.
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.132 , pp. 147-155
    • Tayebati, S.K.1    El-Assouad, D.2    Ricci, A.3    Amenta, F.4
  • 150
    • 0033841788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma exacerbations during long term beta agonist use: Influence of beta2 adrenoceptor polymorphism
    • Taylor, D. R.; Drazen, J. M.; Herbison, G. P.; Yandava, C. N.; Hancox, R. J. and Town, G. I. (2000a) Asthma exacerbations during long term beta agonist use: influence of beta2 adrenoceptor polymorphism. Thorax 55, 762-767.
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 762-767
    • Taylor, D.R.1    Drazen, J.M.2    Herbison, G.P.3    Yandava, C.N.4    Hancox, R.J.5    Town, G.I.6
  • 151
    • 0034524267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of polymorphism at position 16 of the beta2-adrenoceptor on the development of tolerance to beta-agonist
    • Taylor, D. R.; Hancox, R. J.; McRae, W.; Cowan, J. O.; Flannery, E. M.; McLachlan, C. R. and Herbison, G. P. (2000b) The influence of polymorphism at position 16 of the beta2-adrenoceptor on the development of tolerance to beta-agonist. J. Asthma 37, 691-700.
    • (2000) J. Asthma , vol.37 , pp. 691-700
    • Taylor, D.R.1    Hancox, R.J.2    McRae, W.3    Cowan, J.O.4    Flannery, E.M.5    McLachlan, C.R.6    Herbison, G.P.7
  • 152
    • 0028987632 scopus 로고
    • Genetic Polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and non-nocturnal asthma: Evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype
    • Turki, J.; Pak, J.; Green, S. A.; Martin, R. J. and Liggett, S. B. (1995) Genetic Polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and non-nocturnal asthma: evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype. J. Clin. Invest. 95, 1635-1641.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest , vol.95 , pp. 1635-1641
    • Turki, J.1    Pak, J.2    Green, S.A.3    Martin, R.J.4    Liggett, S.B.5
  • 157
    • 0024551772 scopus 로고
    • Beta adrenoceptor binding and induced relaxation in airway smooth muscle from patients with chronic airflow obstruction
    • van Koppen, C. J.; de Miranda, J. F.; Beld, A. J.; van Herwaarden, C. L.; Lammers, J. W. and van Ginneken, C. A. (1989) Beta adrenoceptor binding and induced relaxation in airway smooth muscle from patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax 44, 28-35.
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , pp. 28-35
    • van Koppen, C.J.1    de Miranda, J.F.2    Beld, A.J.3    van Herwaarden, C.L.4    Lammers, J.W.5    van Ginneken, C.A.6
  • 158
    • 0021040051 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the bronchodilator and vasopressor effects of exercise levels of adrenaline in man
    • Warren, J. B. and Dalton, N. (1983) A comparison of the bronchodilator and vasopressor effects of exercise levels of adrenaline in man. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 64, 475-479.
    • (1983) Clin. Sci. (Lond) , vol.64 , pp. 475-479
    • Warren, J.B.1    Dalton, N.2
  • 159
    • 21544451972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How pharmacogenomics will play a role in the management of asthma
    • Wechsler, M. E. and Israel, E. (2005) How pharmacogenomics will play a role in the management of asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172, 12-18.
    • (2005) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.172 , pp. 12-18
    • Wechsler, M.E.1    Israel, E.2
  • 160
    • 33645110637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wechsler, M. E.; Lehman, E.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F. Jr.; Boushey, H. A.; Deykin, A.; Fahy, J. V.; Sorkness, C. A.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Craig, T. J.; DiMango, E.; Kraft, M.; Leone, F.; Martin, R. J.; Peters, S. P.; Szefler, S. J.; Liu, W. and Israel, E.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. (2006) beta-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and response to salmeterol. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173, 519-526.
    • Wechsler, M. E.; Lehman, E.; Lazarus, S. C.; Lemanske, R. F. Jr.; Boushey, H. A.; Deykin, A.; Fahy, J. V.; Sorkness, C. A.; Chinchilli, V. M.; Craig, T. J.; DiMango, E.; Kraft, M.; Leone, F.; Martin, R. J.; Peters, S. P.; Szefler, S. J.; Liu, W. and Israel, E.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. (2006) beta-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and response to salmeterol. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173, 519-526.
  • 162
    • 0033033206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic 'pitfall': Acetylcholine, a universal cell molecule in biological systems, including humans
    • Wessler, I.; Kirkpatrick, C. J. and Racké, K. (1999) The cholinergic 'pitfall': acetylcholine, a universal cell molecule in biological systems, including humans. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 26, 198-205.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol , vol.26 , pp. 198-205
    • Wessler, I.1    Kirkpatrick, C.J.2    Racké, K.3
  • 163
    • 0024123412 scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness of bronchial smooth muscle from asthmatic patients to relaxant and contractile agonists
    • Whicker, S. D.; Armour, C. L. and Black, J. L. (1988) Responsiveness of bronchial smooth muscle from asthmatic patients to relaxant and contractile agonists. Pulm. Pharmacol. 1, 25-31.
    • (1988) Pulm. Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 25-31
    • Whicker, S.D.1    Armour, C.L.2    Black, J.L.3
  • 166
    • 37549007943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review for a clinical practice guideline
    • Wilt, T. J.; Niewoehner, D.; MacDonald, R. and Kane, R. L. (2007) Management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review for a clinical practice guideline. Ann. Intern. Med. 147, 639-653.
    • (2007) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.147 , pp. 639-653
    • Wilt, T.J.1    Niewoehner, D.2    MacDonald, R.3    Kane, R.L.4
  • 168
    • 0030898519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic control of airway function
    • Zaagsma, J.; Roffel, A. F. and Meurs, H. (1997) Muscarinic control of airway function. Life Sci. 60, 1061-1068.
    • (1997) Life Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1061-1068
    • Zaagsma, J.1    Roffel, A.F.2    Meurs, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.