Pharmacogenetics of anxiolytic drugs

Journal of Neural Transmission

Volumn 116, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 667-677

  Tiwari, Arun K ^a   Souza, Renan P ^a   Müller, Daniel J ^a,b  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antidepressants; Anxiety disorders; Benzodiazepines; CYP450 genes; Genetics; Panic disorder; Pharmacogenetics

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BROTIZOLAM; BUSPIRONE; CITALOPRAM; CLOBAZAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CYTOCHROME P450 1A2; CYTOCHROME P450 2C19; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; DIAZEPAM; ESCITALOPRAM; ETIZOLAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; MAPROTILINE; MIANSERIN; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; SEROTONIN 2A RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN NORADRENALIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TRIAZOLAM; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VENLAFAXINE;

ANXIETY DISORDER; DEPRESSION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG RESPONSE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PANIC; PHARMACOGENETICS; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; SOCIAL PHOBIA; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; ANXIETY; DRUG RESISTANCE; HUMANS;

EID: 67449128200     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0229-6     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. E Akillu I Persson L Bertilsson 1996 Frequent distribution of ultrapid metabolizers in an Ethiopian population carrying duplicated and multiduplicated functional CYP2D6 alleles J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278 441 446
2. M Alda M Dvoráková M Posmurová 1987 Pharmacogenetic study with diazepam in twins Neuropsychobiology 17 4 8
3. T Andersson JO Miners ME Veronese 1994 Diazepam metabolism by human liver microsomes is mediated by both S-mephenytoin hydroxylase and CYP3A isoforms Br J Clin Pharmacol 38 131 137
4. K Araki N Yasui-Furukori T Fukasawa 2004 Inhibition of the metabolism of etizolam by itraconazole in humans: evidence for the involvement of CYP3A4 in etizolam metabolism Eur J Clin Pharmacol 60 427 430
5. SE Ball D Ahern J Scatina 1997 Venlafaxine: in vitro inhibition of CYP2D6 dependent imipramine and desipramine metabolism; comparative studies with selected SSRIs, and effects on human hepatic CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 Br J Clin Pharmacol 43 619 626
6. L Bertilsson TK Henthorn E Sanz 1989 Importance of genetic factors in the regulation of diazepam metabolism: relationship to S-mephenytoin, but not debrisoquin, hydroxylation phenotype Clin Pharmacol Ther 45 348 355
7. EA Billett MA Richter N King 1997 Obsessive compulsive disorder, response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin transporter gene Mol Psychiatry 2 403 406
8. JL Black 3rd DJ O'Kane DA Mrazek 2007 The impact of CYP allelic variation on antidepressant metabolism: a review Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 3 21 31
9. JC Bloomer FR Woods RE Haddock 1992 The role of cytochrome P4502D6 in the metabolism of paroxetine by human liver microsomes Br J Clin Pharmacol 33 521 523
10. L Brachtendorf A Jetter KT Beckurts AH Hölscher U Fuhr 2002 Cytochrome P450 enzymes contributing to demethylation of maprotiline in man Pharmacol Toxicol 90 3 144 149
11. K Brøsen E Skjelbo BB Rasmussen 1993 Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A2 Biochem Pharmacol 45 1211 1214
12. JK Coller AA Somogyi F Bochner 1999 Flunitrazepam oxidative metabolism in human liver microsomes: involvement of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Xenobiotica 29 973 986
13. M Contin R Riva F Albani 1999 Effect of felbamate on clobazam and its metabolite kinetics in patients with epilepsy Ther Drug Monit 21 604 608
14. J De Leon 2006 AmpliChip CYP450 test: personalized medicine has arrived in psychiatry Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6 277 286
15. J De Leon 2007 The crucial role of the therapeutic window in understanding the clinical relevance of the poor versus the ultrarapid metabolizer phenotypes in subjects taking drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 J Clin Psychopharmacol 27 241 245
16. A De Mooij-van Malsen B Olivier MJ Kas 2008 Behavioural genetics in mood and anxiety: a next step in finding novel pharmacological targets Eur J Pharmacol 585 436 440
17. J De Vry 1995 5-HT1A receptor agonists: recent developments and controversial issues Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 121 1 26
18. J Deckert M Catalano YV Syagailo 1999 Excess of high activity monoamine oxidase A gene promoter alleles in female patients with panic disorder Hum Mol Genet 8 4 621 624
19. D Denys F de Geus 2005 Predictors of pharmacotherapy response in anxiety disorders Curr Psychiat Rep 7 252 257
20. D Denys F Van Nieuwerburgh D Deforce 2007 Prediction of response to paroxetine and venlafaxine by serotonin-related genes in obsessive-compulsive disorder in a randomized, double-blind trial J Clin Psychiat 68 747 753
21. D Di Bella S Erzegovesi MC Cavallini 2002 Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and treatment response Pharmacogenom J 2 176 181
22. K Domschke CM Freitag G Kuhlenbäumer 2004 Association of the functional V158 M catechol-O-methyl-transferase polymorphism with panic disorder in women Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7 183 188
23. K Domschke U Dannlowski P Ohrmann 2008 Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene: impact on antidepressant treatment response and emotion processing in major depression Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 18 751 759
24. Domschke K, Deckert J, Arolt V, Baune B (2008b) Anxious versus non-anxious depression: difference in treatment outcome. Psychopharmacol. Oct 6 [Epub ahead of print]
25. Domschke K, Lawford B, Laje G et al (2009) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene: no major impact on antidepressant treatment response. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol
26. M Eichelbaum M Ingelman-Sundberg WE Evans 2006 Pharmacogenomics and individualized drug therapy Annu Rev Med 57 119 137
27. M Fava AJ Rush JE Alpert 2008 Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depression: a STAR*D report Am J Psychiat 165 3 342 351
28. L Firkusny CH Gleiter 1994 Maprotiline metabolism appears to co-segregate with the genetically-determined CYP2D6 polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquine Br J Clin Pharmacol 37 383 388
29. DA Flockhart D O'Kane MS Williams 2008 Pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 alleles for warfarin Genet Med 10 139 150
30. M Fric B Pfuhlmann G Laux 2008 The influence of smoking on the serum level of duloxetine Pharmacopsychiatry 41 151 155
31. H Fujisaki K Hirotsu T Ogawa 2001 Metabolism of quazepam and its metabolites in humans: identification of metabolic enzymes and evaluation of drug interaction in vitro Xenobiot Metab Dispos 16 558 568
32. T Fukasawa N Yasui-Furukori T Aoshima 2004 Single oral dose pharmacokinetics of quazepam is influenced by CYP2C19 activity Therapeut Drug Monitor 26 529 533
33. T Fukasawa N Yasui-Furukori A Suzuki 2005 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etizolam are influenced by polymorphic CYP2C19 activity Eur J Clin Pharmacol; 61 11 791 795
34. T Fukasawa A Suzuki K Otani 2007 Effects of genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines J Clin Pharm Ther 32 4 333 341
35. A Gaedigk SD Simon RE Pearce 2008 The CYP2D6 activity score: translating genotype information into a qualitative measure of phenotype Clin Pharmacol Ther 83 234 242
36. SJ Gardiner EJ Begg 2006 Pharmacogenetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and clinical practice Pharmacol Rev 58 3 521 590
37. P Ghahramani SW Ellis MS Lennard 1997 Cytochromes P450 mediating the N-demethylation of amitriptyline Br J Clin Pharmacol 43 137 144
38. C Giraud A Tran E Rey 2004 In vitro characterization of clobazam metabolism by recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes: importance of CYP2C19 Drug Metab Dispos 32 1279 1286
39. SP Hamilton SL Slager GA Heiman 2002 Evidence for a susceptibility locus for panic disorder near the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene on chromosome 22 Biol Psychiat 51 7 591 601
40. LK Heisler HM Chu TJ Brennan 1998 Elevated anxiety and antidepressant-like responses in serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mutant mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 15049 15054
41. N Hirota K Ito T Iwatsubo 2001 In vitro/in vivo scaling of alprazolam metabolism by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in humans Biopharm Drug Dispos 22 53 71
42. F Holsboer 2008 How can we realize the promise of personalized antidepressant medicines? Nat Rev Neurosci 9 638 646
43. E Hustert M Haberl O Burk 2001 The genetic determinants of the CYP3A5 polymorphism Pharmacogenetics 11 9 773 779
44. M Ingelman-Sundberg SC Sim A Gomez 2007 Influence of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms on drug therapies: pharmacogenetic, pharmacoepigenetic and clinical aspects Pharmacol Ther 116 496 526
45. U Jeppesen LF Gram K Vistisen 1996 Dose-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 by citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and paroxetine Eur J Clin Pharmacol 51 73 78
46. M Karayiorgou C Sobin ML Blundell 1999 Family-based association studies support a sexually dimorphic effect of COMT and MAOA on genetic susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder Biol Psychiat 45 1178 1189
47. C Kawanishi S Lundgren H Agren 2004 Increased incidence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in patients with persistent mood disorders: ultrarapid metabolism of antidepressants as a cause of nonresponse. A pilot study Eur J Clin Pharmacol 59 803 807
48. ED Kharasch A Walker N Isoherranen 2007 Influence of CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the cytochrome P4503A probes alfentanil and midazolam Clin Pharmacol Ther 82 4 410 426
49. W Kim YH Choi KS Yoon 2006 Tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism does not affect the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment outcome of panic disorder in the Korean population Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 30 1413 1418
50. J Kirchheiner 2008 CYP2D6 phenotype prediction from genotype: which system is the best? Clin Pharmacol Ther 83 225 227
51. J Kirchheiner HB Henckel I Meineke 2004 Impact of the CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer genotype on mirtazapine pharmacokinetics and adverse events in healthy volunteers J Clin Psychopharmacol 24 647 652
52. KT Kivistö TS Lamberg T Kantola PJ Neuvonen 1997 Plasma buspirone concentrations are greatly increased by erythromycin and itraconazole Clin Pharmacol Ther 62 348 354
53. K Kosaki K Tamura R Sato 2004 A major influence of CYP2C19 genotype on the steady-state concentration of N-desmethylclobazam Brain Development 26 530 534
54. E Koyama K Chiba M Tani 1996 Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the stereoselective metabolism of mianserin enantiomers J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278 21 30
55. T Kronbach D Mathys M Umeno 1989 Oxidation of midazolam and triazolam by human liver cytochrome P450IIIA4 Mol Pharmacol 36 89 96
56. BR Lawford R McD Young EP Noble 2003 D2 dopamine receptor gene polymorphism: paroxetine and social functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13 313 320
57. SJ Lee KA Usmani B Chanas 2003 Genetic findings and functional studies of human CYP3A5 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different ethnic groups Pharmacogenetics 13 8 461 472
58. KP Lesch CS Aulakh BL Wolozin 1993 Regional brain expression of serotonin transporter mRNA and its regulation by reuptake inhibiting antidepressants Brain Res Mol Brain Res 17 31 36
59. KP Lesch D Bengel A Heils 1996 Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region Science 274 1527 1531
60. W Maier A Zobel 2008 Contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of response to antidepressants and antipsychotics Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258 12 20
61. CJ McDougle CN Epperson LH Price 1998 Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between serotonin transporter protein gene (SLC6A4) and obsessive compulsive disorder Mol Psychiatry 3 270 273
62. RA Mclellan M Oscarson J Seidegard 1997 Frequent occurrence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in Saudi Arabians Pharmacogenetics 7 187 191
63. M Miura T Ohkubo 2004 In vitro metabolism of quazepam in human liver and intestine and assessment of drug interactions Xenobiotica 34 11-12 1001 1011
64. M Nakajima T Yokoi M Mizutani 1999 Genetic polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of human CYP1A2 gene: effect on the CYP1A2 inducibility in humans J Biochem 125 803 808
65. KK Nielsen JP Flinois P Beaune 1996 The biotransformation of clomipramine in vitro, identification of the cytochrome P450s responsible for the separate metabolic pathways J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277 1659 1664
66. RS Obach LM Cox LM Tremaine 2005 Sertraline is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes, monoamine oxidases, and glucuronyl transferases in human: an in vitro study Drug Metab Dispos 33 2 262 270
67. SV Otton D Wu RT Joffe 1993 Inhibition by fluoxetine of cytochrome P450 2D6 activity Clin Pharmacol Ther 53 401 409
68. JY Park KA Kim PW Park 2006 Effect of CYP3A5*3 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam in healthy subjects Clin Pharmacol Ther 79 590 599
69. CL Parks PS Robinson E Sibille 1998 Increased anxiety of mice lacking the serotonin1A receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 10734 10739
70. A Parmeggiani A Posar S Sangiorgi P Giovanardi-Rossi 2004 Unusual side-effects due to clobazam: a case report with genetic study of CYP2C19 Brain Development 26 63 66
71. G Perna E Favaron D Di Bella 2005 Antipanic efficacy of paroxetine and polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene Neuropsychopharmacology 12 2230 2235
72. KA Phillips DL Veenstra E Oren 2001 Potential role of pharmacogenomics in reducing adverse drug reactions, a systematic review JAMA 286 2270 2279
73. SH Preskorn J Alderman DJ Greenblatt 1997 Sertraline does not inhibit cytochrome P450 3A-mediated drug metabolism in vivo Psychopharmacol Bull 33 659 665
74. XP Qin HG Xie W Wang 1999 Effect of the gene dosage of CgammaP2C19 on diazepam metabolism in Chinese subjects Clin Pharmacol Therapeut 66 642 646
75. S Ramboz R Oosting DA Amara 1998 Serotonin receptor 1A knockout: an animal model of anxiety-related disorder Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 14476 14481
76. N Rao 2007 The clinical pharmacokinetics of escitalopram Clin Pharmacokinet 46 4 281 290
77. T Rau G Wohlleben H Wuttke 2004 CYP2D6 genotype: impact on adverse effects and nonresponse during treatment with antidepressants-a pilot study Clin Pharmacol Ther 75 386 393
78. C Rodriguez-Antona JG Sayi LL Gustafsson 2005 Phenotype-genotype variability in the human CYP3A locus as assessed by the probe drug quinine and analyses of variant CYP3A4 alleles Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338 299 305
79. AD Roses 2000 Pharmacogenetics and the practice of medicine Nature 405 857 865
80. C Rothe D Koszycki J Bradwejn 2006 Association of the Val158Met catechol O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphism with panic disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2237 2242
81. I Rudberg B Mohebi M Hermann 2008 Impact of the ultrarapid CYP2C19*17 allele on serum concentration of escitalopram in psychiatric patients Clin Pharmacol Ther 83 322 327
82. P Sand KP Lesch M Catalano 2000 Polymorphic MAO-A and 5-HT-transporter genes: analysis of interactions in panic disorder World J Biol Psychiatry 1 147 150
83. J Sandmann B Lörch B Bandelow 1998 Fluvoxamine or placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and relationship to blood concentrations of fluvoxamine Pharmacopsychiatry 31 117 121
84. C Senda W Kishimoto K Sakai 1997 Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of brotizolam Xenobiotica 27 913 922
85. T Seo R Nagata T Ishitsu 2008 Impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the efficacy of clobazam therapy Pharmacogenomics 9 5 527 537
86. A Serretti P Artioli R Quartesan 2005 Pharmacogenetics in the treatment of depression: pharmacodynamic studies Pharmacogenet Genomics 15 61 67
87. E Sibille C Pavlides D Benke 2000 Genetic inactivation of the Serotonin(1A) receptor in mice results in down regulation of major GABA(A) receptor alpha subunits, reduction of GABA(A) receptor binding, and benzodiazepine-resistant anxiety J Neurosci 20 2758 2765
88. MH Skinner HY Kuan A Pan 2003 Duloxetine is both an inhibitor and a substrate of cytochrome P4502D6 in healthy volunteers Clin Pharmacol Ther 73 170 177
89. E Spina AM Pollicino A Avenoso 1993 Effect of fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of imipramine and desipramine in healthy subjects Ther Drug Monit 1993 15 243 246
90. W Steimer K Zöpf S von Amelunxen 2005 Amitriptyline or not, that is the question: pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 identifies patients with low or high risk for side effects in amitriptyline therapy Clin Chem 51 376 385
91. MB Stein DJ Stein 2008 Social anxiety disorder Lancet 371 1115 1125
92. MB Stein S Seedat J Gelernter 2006 Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism predicts SSRI response in generalized social anxiety disorder Psychopharmacology (Berl) 187 68 72
93. CJ Timmer JM Sitsen LP Delbressine 2000 Clinical pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine Clin Pharmacokinet 38 461 474
94. S Tot ME Erdal K Yazici 2003 T102C and -1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder Eur Psychiatry 18 249 254
95. J Veenstra-VanderWeele GM Anderson EH Cook 2000 Pharmacogenetics and the serotonin system: initial studies and future directions Eur J Pharmacol 410 165 181
96. K Venkatakrishnan DJ Greenblatt LL von Moltke 1998 Five distinct human cytochromes mediate amitriptyline N-demethylation in vitro: dominance of CYP 2C19 and 3A4 J Clin Pharmacol 38 112 121
97. DJ Walther M Bader 2003 A unique central tryptophan hydroxylase isoform Biochem Pharmacol 66 1673 1680
98. C Wandel R Bocker H Bohrer 1994 Midazolam is metabolized by at least three different cytochrome P450 enzymes Br J Anaesth 73 658 661
99. T Watanabe M Ueda Y Saeki 2007 High plasma concentrations of paroxetine impede clinical response in patients with panic disorder Ther Drug Monit 29 40 44
100. R Wolbold K Klein O Burk 2003 Sex is a major determinant of CYP3A4 expression in human liver Hepatology 38 978 988
101. H Yamazaki T Shimada 1996 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes Arch Biochem Biophys 346 161 169
102. UM Zanger M Turpeinen K Klein 2008 Functional pharmacogenetics/genomics of human cytochromes P450 involved in drug biotransformation Anal Bioanal Chem 392 1093 1108
103. L Zhang X Liu T Li 2004 Molecular pharmacogenetic studies of drug responses to obsessive-compulsive disorder and six functional genes Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 21 479 481
104. M Zhu W Zhao H Jimenez 2005 Cytochrome P450 3A-mediated metabolism of buspirone in human liver microsomes Drug Metab Dispos 33 4 500 507