Protective actions of PPAR- γ activation in renal endothelium

PPAR Research

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages

  Westerweel, Peter E ^a,b   Verhaar, Marianne C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b ST ANTONIUS HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

15 DEOXY DELTA12,14 PROSTAGLANDIN J2; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CIGLITAZONE; CYTOKINE; ENDOTHELIN 1; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE TYPE C; NITRIC OXIDE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PIOGLITAZONE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TROGLITAZONE;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CELL FUNCTION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STIMULATION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENDOTHELIUM; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATORY CELL; KIDNEY; KIDNEY DISEASE; MODULATION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; PROTECTION; RENAL PROTECTION; STEM CELL;

EID: 62749201852     PISSN: 16874757     EISSN: 16874765     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2008/635680     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Guan Y., Breyer M. D., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): novel therapeutic targets in renal disease Kidney International 2001 60 1 14 30
2. Sarafidis P. A., Bakris G. L., Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside Kidney International 2006 70 7 1223 1233
3. Haraguchi K., Shimura H., Onaya T., Suppression of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activators Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 2003 7 1 27 32
4. Benigni A., Zoja C., Tomasoni S., Transcriptional regulation of nephrin gene by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonist: molecular mechanism of the antiproteinuric effect of pioglitazone Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006 17 6 1624 1632
5. Ma L.-J., Marcantoni C., Linton M. F., Fazio S., Fogo A. B., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonist troglitazone protects against nondiabetic glomerulosclerosis in rats Kidney International 2001 59 5 1899 1910
6. Sivarajah A., Chatterjee P. K., Patel N. S. A., Agonists of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion injury The American Journal of Nephrology 2003 23 4 267 276
7. Westerweel P. E., den Ouden K., Nguyen T. Q., Goldschmeding R., Joles J. A., Verhaar M. C., Amelioration of anti-Thy1-glomerulonephritis by PPAR- γ agonism without increase of endothelial progenitor cell homing The American Journal of Physiology 2008 294 2 F379 F384
8. Matsuyama M., Yoshimura R., Hase T., Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury Transplantation Proceedings 2005 37 4 1684 1685
9. Yoshimura R., Matsuyama M., Segawa Y., Study of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)- γ in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury Transplantation Proceedings 2004 36 7 1946 1948
10. Guan Y., Zhang Y., Schneider A., Davis L., Breyer R. M., Breyer M. D., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ activity is associated with renal microvasculature The American Journal of Physiology 2001 281 6 F1036 F1046
11. Yamanaka N., Shimizu A., Role of glomerular endothelial damage in progressive renal disease Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 1999 22 1-2 13 20
12. Reinders M. E. J., Rabelink T. J., Briscoe D. M., Angiogenesis and endothelial cell repair in renal disease and allograft rejection Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2006 17 4 932 942
13. Long D. A., Mu W., Price K. L., Johnson R. J., Blood vessels and the aging kidney Nephron Experimental Nephrology 2005 101 3 e95 e99
14. Garg J. P., Bakris G. L., Microalbuminuria: marker of vascular dysfunction, risk factor for cardiovascular disease Vascular Medicine 2002 7 1 35 43
15. Bakris G. L., Clinical importance of microalbuminuria in diabetes and hypertension Current Hypertension Reports 2004 6 5 352 356
16. Gschwend S., Buikema H., Navis G., Henning R. H., de Zeeuw D., van Dokkum R. P. E., Endothelial dilatory function predicts individual susceptibility to renal damage in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002 13 12 2909 2915
17. Shimizu A., Kitamura H., Masuda Y., Ishizaki M., Sugisaki Y., Yamanaka N., Rare glomerular capillary regeneration and subsequent capillary regression with endothelial cell apoptosis in progressive glomerulonephritis The American Journal of Pathology 1997 151 5 1231 1239
18. Iruela-Arispe L., Gordon K., Hugo C., Participation of glomerular endothelial cells in the capillary repair of glomerulonephritis The American Journal of Pathology 1995 147 6 1715 1727
19. Masuda Y., Shimizu A., Mori T., Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances glomerular capillary repair and accelerates resolution of experimentally induced glomerulonephritis The American Journal of Pathology 2001 159 2 599 608
20. Miyamoto K., Kitamoto Y., Tokunaga H., Protective effect of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor 165 and 121 on glomerular endothelial cell injury in the rat Laboratory Investigation 2004 84 9 1126 1136
21. Ostendorf T., Kunter U., Eitner F., VEGf 165 mediates glomerular endothelial repair The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1999 104 7 913 923
22. Kang D.-H., Hughes J., Mazzali M., Schreiner G. F., Johnson R. J., Impaired angiogenesis in the remnant kidney model-part II: vascular endothelial growth factor administration reduces renal fibrosis and stabilizes renal function Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2001 12 7 1448 1457
23. Kang D. H., Joly A. H., Oh S. W., Impaired angiogenesis in the remnant kidney model-part I: potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2001 12 7 1434 1447
24. Rookmaaker M. B., Tolboom H., Goldschmeding R., Zwaginga J.-J., Rabelink T. J., Verhaar M. C., Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to endothelial repair after thrombotic microangiopathy Blood 2002 99 3 1095
25. Rookmaaker M. B., Smits A. M., Tolboom H., Bone-marrow-derived cells contribute to glomerular endothelial repair in experimental glomerulonephritis The American Journal of Pathology 2003 163 2 553 562
26. Rookmaaker M. B., Verhaar M. C., Van Zonneveld A. J., Rabelink T. J., Progenitor cells in the kidney: biology and therapeutic perspectives Kidney International 2004 66 2 518 522
27. Lagaaij E. L., Cramer-Knijnenburg G. F., van Kemenade F. J., van Es L. A., Bruijn J. A., van Krieken J. H. J. M., Endothelial cell chimerism after renal transplantation and vascular rejection The Lancet 2001 357 9249 33 37
28. Peters H., Daig U., Martini S., No mediates antifibrotic actions of L-arginine supplementation following induction of anti-thy1 glomerulonephritis Kidney International 2003 64 2 509 518
29. Li B., Morioka T., Uchiyama M., Oite T., Bone marrow cell infusion ameliorates progressive glomerulosclerosis in an experimental rat model Kidney International 2006 69 2 323 330
30. Uchimura H., Marumo T., Takase O., Intrarenal injection of bone marrow-derived angiogenic cells reduces endothelial injury and mesangial cell activation in experimental glomerulonephritis Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2005 16 4 997 1004
31. Barroso I., Gurnell M., Crowley V. E. F., Dominant negative mutations in human PPAR γ associated with severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension Nature 1999 402 6764 880 883
32. Miles P. D. G., Barak Y., He W., Evans R. M., Olefsky J. M., Improved insulin-sensitivity in mice heterozygous for PPAR- γ deficiency The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2000 105 3 287 292
33. Yamauchi T., Kamon J., Waki H., The mechanisms by which both heterozygous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) deficiency and PPAR γ agonist improve insulin resistance The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 276 44 41245 41254
34. Barak Y., Nelson M. C., Ong E. S., PPAR γ is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development Molecular Cell 1999 4 4 585 595
35. Duan S. Z., Ivashchenko C. Y., Whitesall S. E., Hypotension, lipodystrophy, and insulin resistance in generalized PPAR γ -deficient mice rescued from embryonic lethality The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007 117 3 812 822
36. Nicol C. J., Adachi M., Akiyama T. E., Gonzalez F. J., PPAR γ in endothelial cells influences high fat diet-induced hypertension The American Journal of Hypertension 2005 18 4 549 556
37. Beyer A. M., Baumbach G. L., Halabi C. M., Interference with PPAR γ signaling causes cerebral vascular dysfunction, hypertrophy, and remodeling Hypertension 2008 51 4 867 871
38. Semple R. K., Meirhaeghe A., Vidal-Puig A. J., A dominant negative human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α is a constitutive transcriptional corepressor and inhibits signaling through all PPAR isoforms Endocrinology 2005 146 4 1871 1882
39. Fukunaga Y., Itoh H., Doi K., Thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists, regulate endothelial cell growth and secretion of vasoactive peptides Atherosclerosis 2001 158 1 113 119
40. de Dios S. T., Hannan K. M., Dilley R. J., Hill M. A., Little P. J., Troglitazone, but not rosiglitazone, inhibits Na/H exchange activity and proliferation of macrovascular endothelial cells Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2001 15 3 120 127
41. Hong H. K., Cho Y. M., Park K.-H., Lee C.-T., Lee H. K., Park K. S., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mediated inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 production and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2003 62 1 1 8
42. Sheu W. H.-H., Ou H.-C., Chou F.-P., Lin T.-M., Yang C.-H., Rosiglitazone inhibits endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis Life Sciences 2006 78 13 1520 1528
43. Goetze S., Eilers F., Bungenstock A., PPAR activators inhibit endothelial cell migration by targeting Akt Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002 293 5 1431 1437
44. Xin X., Yang S., Kowalski J., Gerritsen M. E., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999 274 13 9116 9121
45. Biscetti F., Gaetani E., Flex A., Selective activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPAR γ induces neoangiogenesis through a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent mechanism Diabetes 2008 57 5 1394 1404
46. Artwohl M., Hölzebein T., Fürnsinn C., Thiazolidinediones inhibit apoptosis and heat shock protein 60 expression in human vascular endothelial cells Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2005 93 5 810 815
47. Hannan K. M., Dilley R. J., de Dios S. T., Little P. J., Troglitazone stimulates repair of the endothelium and inhibits neointimal formation in denuded rat aorta Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2003 23 5 762 768
48. Bishop-Bailey D., Hla T., Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand 15-deoxy- δ 12, 14 -prostaglandin J 2 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999 274 24 17042 17048
49. Levonen A.-L., Dickinson D. A., Moellering D. R., Mulcahy R. T., Forman H. J., Darley-Usmar V. M., Biphasic effects of 15-deoxy- δ 12, 14 -prostaglandin J 2 on glutathione induction and apoptosis in human endothelial cells Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2001 21 11 1846 1851
50. Migita H., Morser J., 15-deoxy- δ 12, 14 -postaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ2) signals through retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor- α but not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ in human vascular endothelial cells: the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on tumor necrosis factor- α -induced gene expression Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2005 25 4 710 716
51. Huang P.-H., Sata M., Nishimatsu H., Sumi M., Hirata Y., Nagai R., Pioglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and restores ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2008 62 1 46 52
52. Chu K., Lee S.-T., Koo J.-S., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ -agonist, rosiglitazone, promotes angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia Brain Research 2006 1093 1 208 218
53. Murata T., He S., Hangai M., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ ligands inhibit choroidal neovascularization Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2000 41 8 2309 2317
54. Panigrahy D., Singer S., Shen L. Q., PPAR γ ligands inhibit primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002 110 7 923 932
55. Keshamouni V. G., Arenberg D. A., Reddy R. C., Newstead M. J., Anthwal S., Standiford T. J., PPAR- γ activation inhibits angiogenesis by blocking ELR+CXC chemokine production in non-small cell lung cancer Neoplasia 2005 7 3 294 301
56. Verhaar M. C., Rabelink T. J., Endothelial function: strategies for early intervention Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1998 12 supplement 1 125 134
57. Calnek D. S., Mazzella L., Roser S., Roman J., Hart C. M., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2003 23 1 52 57
58. Goya K., Sumitani S., Otsuki M., The thiazolidinedione drug troglitazone up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2006 20 5 336 342
59. Polikandriotis J. A., Mazzella L. J., Rupnow H. L., Hart C. M., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands stimulate endothelial nitric oxide production through distinct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ -dependent mechanisms Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2005 25 9 1810 1816
60. Ptasinska A., Wang S., Zhang J., Wesley R. A., Danner R. L., Nitric oxide activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma through a p38 MAPK signaling pathway The FASEB Journal 2007 21 3 950 961
61. Majithiya J. B., Paramar A. N., Balaraman R., Pioglitazone, a PPAR γ agonist, restores endothelial function in aorta of streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats Cardiovascular Research 2005 66 1 150 161
62. Fujishima S., Ohya Y., Nakamura Y., Onaka U., Abe I., Fujishima M., Troglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, increases forearm blood flow in humans The American Journal of Hypertension 1998 11 9 1134 1137
63. Campia U., Matuskey L. A., Panza J. A., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ activation with pioglitazone improves endothelium-dependent dilation in nondiabetic patients with major cardiovascular risk factors Circulation 2006 113 6 867 875
64. Ghazzi M. N., Perez J. E., Antonucci T. K., Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. The Troglitazone Study Group Diabetes 1997 46 3 433 439
65. Sung B. H., Izzo J. L. Jr., Dandona P., Wilson M. F., Vasodilatory effects of troglitazone improve blood pressure at rest and during mental stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus Hypertension 1999 34 1 83 88
66. Murakami T., Mizuno S., Ohsato K., Effects of troglitazone on frequency of coronary vasospastic-induced angina pectoris in patients with diabetes mellitus The American Journal of Cardiology 1999 84 1 92 94
67. Vinik A. I., Stansberry K. B., Barlow P. M., Rosiglitazone treatment increases nitric oxide production in human peripheral skin: a controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2003 17 5 279 285
68. Nakamura T., Matsuda T., Kawagoe Y., Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients Metabolism 2004 53 10 1382 1386
69. Voytovich M. H., Simonsen C., Jenssen T., Hjelmesæth J., Åsberg A., Hartmann A., Short-term treatment with rosiglitazone improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in renal transplant recipients Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2005 20 2 413 418
70. Pistrosch F., Herbrig K., Kindel B., Passauer J., Fischer S., Gross P., Rosiglitazone improves glomerular hyperfiltration, renal endothelial dysfunction, and microalbuminuria of incipient diabetic nephropathy in patients Diabetes 2005 54 7 2206 2211
71. Fujiwara K., Hayashi K., Matsuda H., Altered pressure-natriuresis in obese Zucker rats Hypertension 1999 33 6 1470 1475
72. Dobrian A. D., Schriver S. D., Khraibi A. A., Prewitt R. L., Pioglitazone prevents hypertension and reduces oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity Hypertension 2004 43 1 48 56
73. Govers R., Rabelink T. J., Cellular regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase The American Journal of Physiology 2001 280 2 F193 F206
74. Braam B., Verhaar M. C., Understanding eNOS for pharmacological modulation of endothelial function: a translational view Current Pharmaceutical Design 2007 13 17 1727 1740
75. Gonon A. T., Bulhak A., Labruto F., Sjöquist P.-O., Pernow J., Cardioprotection mediated by rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ligand, in relation to nitric oxide Basic Research in Cardiology 2007 102 1 80 89
76. Ingbir M., Schwartz I. F., Shtabsky A., Rosiglitazone improves aortic arginine transport, through inhibition of PKC α, in uremic rats The American Journal of Physiology 2008 295 2 F471 F477
77. Schwartz I. F., Ayalon R., Chernichovski T., Arginine uptake is attenuated through modulation of cationic amino-acid transporter-1, in uremic rats Kidney International 2006 69 2 298 303
78. Wagner L., Klein J. D., Sands J. M., Baylis C., Urea transporters are distributed in endothelial cells and mediate inhibition of L-arginine transport The American Journal of Physiology 2002 283 3 F578 F582
79. Xiao S., Wagner L., Mahaney J., Baylis C., Uremic levels of urea inhibit L-arginine transport in cultured endothelial cells The American Journal of Physiology 2001 280 6 F989 F995
80. Inoue I., Goto S.-I., Matsunaga T., The ligands/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR α) and PPAR γ increase Cu 2 +, Zn 2 + -superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells Metabolism 2001 50 1 3 11
81. Hwang J., Kleinhenz D. J., Lassègue B., Griendling K. K., Dikalov S., Hart C. M., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production The American Journal of Physiology 2005 288 4 C899 C905
82. Mehta J. L., Hu B., Chen J., Li D., Pioglitazone inhibits LOX-1 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells by reducing intracellular superoxide radical generation Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2003 23 12 2203 2208
83. Majithiya J. B., Parmar A. N., Trivedi C. J., Balaraman R., Effect of pioglitazone on L-NAME induced hypertension in diabetic rats Vascular Pharmacology 2005 43 4 260 266
84. Sarafidis P. A., Lasaridis A. N., Actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors- γ agonists explaining a possible blood pressure-lowering effect The American Journal of Hypertension 2006 19 6 646 653
85. Schiffrin E. L., Role of endothelin-1 in hypertension and vascular disease The American Journal of Hypertension 2001 14 6, part 2 83S 89S
86. Martin-Nizard F., Furman C., Delerive P., Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor activators inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelin-1 secretion in endothelial cells Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2002 40 6 822 831
87. Satoh H., Tsukamoto K., Hashimoto Y., Thiazolidinediones suppress endothelin-1 secretion from bovine vascular endothelial cells: a new possible role of PPAR γ on vascular endothelial function Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1999 254 3 757 763
88. Delerive P., Martin-Nizard F., Chinetti G., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit thrombin-induced endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the activator protein-1 signaling pathway Circulation Research 1999 85 5 394 402
89. Nakamura T., Ushiyama C., Shimada N., Hayashi K., Ebihara I., Koide H., Comparative effects of pioglitazone, glibenclamide, and voglibose on urinary endothelin-1 and albumin excretion in diabetes patients Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2000 14 5 250 254
90. Iglarz M., Touyz R. M., Amiri F., Lavoie M.-F., Diep Q. N., Schiffrin E. L., Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- α and-γ activators on vascular remodeling in endothelin-dependent hypertension Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2003 23 1 45 51
91. Münzel T., Hink U., Heitzer T., Meinertz T., Role for NADPH/NADH oxidase in the modulation of vascular tone Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1999 874 386 400
92. Tham D. M., Martin-McNulty B., Wang Y.-X., Angiotensin II is associated with activation of NF- κ B-mediated genes and downregulation of PPARs Physiological Genomics 2003 11 1 21 30
93. Diep Q. N., El Mabrouk M., Cohn J. S., Structure, endothelial function, cell growth, and inflammation in blood vessels of angiotensin II-infused rats: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ Circulation 2002 105 19 2296 2302
94. Kintscher U., Unger T., Vascular protection in diabetes: a pharmacological view of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers Acta Diabetologica 2005 42 supplement 1 S26 S32
95. Wang N., Verna L., Chen N.-G., Constitutive activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ suppresses pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules in human vascular endothelial cells The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 37 34176 34181
96. Jackson S. M., Parhami F., Xi X.-P., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 1999 19 9 2094 2104
97. Jung Y., Song S., Choi C., Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists suppress TNF α -induced ICAM-1 expression by endothelial cells in a manner potentially dependent on inhibition of reactive oxygen species Immunology Letters 2008 117 1 63 69
98. Marx N., Mach F., Sauty A., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ activators inhibit IFN- γ -induced expression of the T cell-active CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC in human endothelial cells The Journal of Immunology 2000 164 12 6503 6508
99. Imamoto E., Yoshida N., Uchiyama K., Inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils and endothelial cells BioFactors 2004 20 1 37 47
100. Tesse A., Al-Massarani G., Wangensteen R., Reitenbach S., Martínez M. C., Andriantsitohaina R., Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonist, prevents microparticle-induced vascular hyporeactivity through the regulation of proinflammatory proteins Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2008 324 2 539 547
101. Verrier E., Wang L., Wadham C., PPAR γ agonists ameliorate endothelial cell activation via inhibition of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C signaling pathway: role of diacylglycerol kinase Circulation Research 2004 94 11 1515 1522
102. Ramirez S. H., Heilman D., Morsey B., Potula R., Haorah J., Persidsky Y., Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) suppresses Rho GTPases in human brain microvascular endothelial cells and inhibits adhesion and transendothelial migration of HIV-1 infected monocytes The Journal of Immunology 2008 180 3 1854 1865
103. Pasceri V., Wu H. D., Willerson J. T., Yeh E. T. H., Modulation of vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ activators Circulation 2000 101 3 235 238
104. Wang C.-H., Ciliberti N., Li S.-H., Rosiglitazone facilitates angiogenic progenitor cell differentiation toward endothelial lineage: a new paradigm in glitazone pleiotropy Circulation 2004 109 11 1392 1400
105. Gensch C., Clever Y. P., Werner C., Hanhoun M., Böhm M., Laufs U., The PPAR- γ agonist pioglitazone increases neoangiogenesis and prevents apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells Atherosclerosis 2007 192 1 67 74
106. Pistrosch F., Herbrig K., Oelschlaegel U., PPAR γ -agonist rosiglitazone increases number and migratory activity of cultured endothelial progenitor cells Atherosclerosis 2005 183 1 163 167
107. Werner C., Kamani C. H., Gensch C., Böhm M., Laufs U., The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonist pioglitazone increases number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease and normal glucose tolerance Diabetes 2007 56 10 2609 2615
108. Redondo S., Hristov M., Gümbel D., Tejerina T., Weber C., Biphasic effect of pioglitazone on isolated human endothelial progenitor cells: involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ and transforming growth factor- β 1 Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2007 97 6 979 987
109. Verma S., Kuliszewski M. A., Li S.-H., C-reactive protein attenuates endothelial progenitor cell survival, differentiation, and function: further evidence of a mechanistic link between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease Circulation 2004 109 17 2058 2067
110. Imanishi T., Kobayashi K., Kuroi A., Ikejima H., Akasaka T., Pioglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced senescene of endothelial progenitor cell Hypertension Research 2008 31 4 757 765
111. Bishop-Bailey D., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β / δ goes vascular Circulation Research 2008 102 2 146 147
112. Piqueras L., Reynolds A. R., Hodivala-Dilke K. M., Activation of PPAR β / δ induces endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2007 27 1 63 69
113. Han J. K., Lee H. S., Yang H. M., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist enhances vasculogenesis by regulating endothelial progenitor cells through genomic and nongenomic activations of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway Circulation 2008 118 10 1021 1033
114. Rival Y., Benéteau N., Taillandier T., PPAR α and PPAR δ activators inhibit cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of NF- κ B and expression of VCAM-1 in EAhy926 endothelial cells European Journal of Pharmacology 2002 435 2-3 143 151