Telomeric position effect - A third silencing mechanism in eukaryotes

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

  Doheny, J Greg ^a   Mottus, Randy ^a   Grigliatti, Thomas A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DROSOPHILA; EUKARYOTE; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENE FUNCTION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE INSERTION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENE SILENCING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENOME ANALYSIS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; POINT MUTATION; POSITION EFFECT VARIEGATION; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TELOMERE; ANIMAL; CENTROMERE; GENE REPRESSION; GENETICS; GENOME; METABOLISM;

EUKARYOTA;

POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEIN; REPRESSOR PROTEIN;

ANIMALS; CENTROMERE; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; CHROMOSOMAL POSITION EFFECTS; DROSOPHILA; GENE SILENCING; GENOME, INSECT; POINT MUTATION; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SUPPRESSION, GENETIC; TELOMERE;

EID: 57549088840     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003864     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Dejardin J, Cavalli G (2005) Epigenetic inheritance of chromatin states mediated by Polycomb and trithorax group proteins in Drosophila. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 38: 31-63.
2. Brock HW, Fisher CL (2005) Maintenance of gene expression patterns. Dev Dyn 232: 633-655.
3. Cernilogar FM, Orlando V (2005) Epigenome programming by Polycomb and Trithorax proteins. Biochem Cell Biol 83: 322-331.
4. Grimaud C, Negre N, Cavalli G (2006) From genetics to epigenetics: the tale of Polycomb group and trithorax group genes. Chromosome Res 14: 363-375.
5. Levine SS, King IF, Kingston RE (2004) Division of labor in polycomb group repression. Trends Biochem Sci 29: 478-485.
6. DeCamillis M, Cheng NS, Pierre D, Brock HW (1992) The polyhomeotic gene of Drosophila encodes a chromatin protein that shares polytene chromosome-binding sites with Polycomb. Genes Dev 6: 223-232.
7. Fujii S, Ito K, Ito Y, Ochiai A (2008) Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) Down-regulates RUNX3 by Increasing Histone H3 Methylation. J Biol Chem 283: 17324-17332.
8. Fujii S, Ochiai A (2008) Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 downregulates E-cadherin by mediating histone H3 methylation in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 99: 738-746.
9. Vire E, Brenner C, Deplus R, Blanchon L, Fraga M, et al. (2006) The Polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation. Nature 439: 871-874.
10. Muller J, Hart CM, Francis NJ, Vargas ML, Sengupta A, et al. (2002) Histone methyltransferase activity of a Drosophila Polycomb group repressor complex. Cell 111: 197-208.
11. Kuzmichev A, Nishioka K, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Reinberg D (2002) Histone methyltransferase activity associated with a human multiprotein complex containing the Enhancer of Zeste protein. Genes Dev 16: 2893-2905.
12. Grigliatti T (1991) Position-effect variegation-an assay for nonhistone chromosomal proteins and chromatin assembly and modifying factors. Methods Cell Biol 35: 587-627.
13. Henikoff S (1990) Position-effect variegation after 60 years. Trends Genet 6: 422-426.
14. Henikoff S (1992) Position effect and related phenomena. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 907-912.
15. Spofford J (1976) Position-effect Variegation in Drosophila. In: Ashburner MaEN, ed. The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila. New York: Academic Press. pp 955-1018.
16. Eissenberg JC, Wallrath LL (2003) Heterochromatin, position effects, and the genetic dissection of chromatin. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 74: 275-299.
17. Elgin SC (1996) Heterochromatin and gene regulation in Drosophila. Curr Opin Genet Dev 6: 193-202.
18. Reuter G, Gausz J, Gyurkovics H, Friede B, Bang R, et al. (1987) Modifiers of position-effect variegation in the region from 86C to 88B of the Drosophila melanogaster third chromosome. Mol Gen Genet 210: 429-436.
19. Reuter G, Szidonya J (1983) Cytogenetic analysis of variegation suppressors and a dominant temperature-sensitive lethal in region 23-26 of chromosome 2L in Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 88: 277-285.
20. Reuter G, Werner W, Hoffmann HJ (1982) Mutants affecting position-effect heterochromatinization in Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 85: 539-551.
21. Reuter G, Wolff I (1981) Isolation of dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 182: 516-519.
22. Sinclair D, Mottus R, Grigliatti T (1983) Genes which suppress position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster are clustered. Mol Gen Genet 191: 326-333.
23. Sinclair DA, Lloyd VK, Grigliatti TA (1989) Characterization of mutations that enhance position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 216: 328-333.
24. Mottus R, Sobel RE, Grigliatti TA (2000) Mutational analysis of a histone deacetylase in Drosophila melanogaster: missense mutations suppress gene silencing associated with position effect variegation. Genetics 154: 657-668.
25. Rea S, Eisenhaber F, O'Carroll D, Strahl BD, Sun ZW, et al. (2000) Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases. Nature 406: 593-599.
26. Tschiersch B, Hofmann A, Krauss V, Dorn R, Korge G, et al. (1994) The protein encoded by the Drosophila position-effect variegation suppressor gene Su(var)3-9 combines domains of antagonistic regulators of homeotic gene complexes. Embo J 13: 3822-3831.
27. James TC, Eissenberg JC, Craig C, Dietrich V, Hobson A, et al. (1989) Distribution patterns of HP1, a heterochromatin-associated nonhistone chromosomal protein of Drosophila. Eur J Cell Biol 50: 170-180.
28. Eissenberg JC, Elgin SC (2000) The HP1 protein family: getting a grip on chromatin. Curr Opin Genet Dev 10: 204-210.
29. Li Y, Danzer JR, Alvarez P, Belmont AS, Wallrath LL (2003) Effects of tethering HP1 to euchromatic regions of the Drosophila genome. Development 130: 1817-1824.
30. Danzer JR, Wallrath LL (2004) Mechanisms of HP1-mediated gene silencing in Drosophila. Development 131: 3571-3580.
31. Ner SS, Harrington MJ, Grigliatti TA (2002) A role for the Drosophila SU(VAR)3-9 protein in chromatin organization at the histone gene cluster and in suppression of position-effect variegation. Genetics 162: 1763-1774.
32. Cryderman DE, Grade SK, Li Y, Fanti L, Pimpinelli S, et al. (2005) Role of Drosophila HP1 in euchromatic gene expression. Dev Dyn 232: 767-774.
33. Fanti L, Berloco M, Piacentini L, Pimpinelli S (2003) Chromosomal distribution of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in Drosophila: a cytological map of euchromatic HP1 binding sites. Genetica 117: 135-147.
34. Greil F, van der Kraan I, Delrow J, Smothers JF, de Wit E, et al. (2003) Distinct HP1 and Su(var)3-9 complexes bind to sets of developmentally coexpressed genes depending on chromosomal location. Genes Dev 17: 2825-2838.
35. Piacentini L, Fanti L, Berloco M, Perrini B, Pimpinelli S (2003) Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is associated with induced gene expression in Drosophila euchromatin. J Cell Biol 161: 707-714.
36. Sinclair DA, Clegg NJ, Antonchuk J, Milne TA, Stankunas K, et al. (1998) Enhancer of Polycomb is a suppressor of position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 148: 211-220.
37. Grunstein M (1997) Molecular model for telomeric heterochromatin in yeast. Curr Opin Cell Biol 9: 383-387.
38. Cryderman DE, Morris EJ, Biessmann H, Elgin SC, Wallrath LL (1999) Silencing at Drosophila telomeres: nuclear organization and chromatin structure play critical roles. Embo J 18: 3724-3735.
39. Mason JM, Haoudi A, Konev AY, Kurenova E, Walter MF, et al. (2000) Control of telomere elongation and telomeric silencing in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 109: 61-70.
40. Wallrath LL (2000) Drosophila telomeric transgenes provide insights on mechanisms of gene silencing. Genetica 109: 25-33.
41. Baur JA, Zou Y, Shay JW, Wright WE (2001) Telomere position effect in human cells. Science 292: 2075-2077.
42. Baur JA, Wright WE, Shay JW (2004) Analysis of Mammalian telomere position effect. Methods Mol Biol 287: 121-136.
43. Donaldson KM, Lui A, Karpen GH (2002) Modifiers of terminal deficiency-associated position effect variegation in Drosophila. Genetics 160: 995-1009.
44. Boivin A, Gally C, Netter S, Anxolabehere D, Ronsseray S (2003) Telomeric associated sequences of Drosophila recruit polycomb-group proteins in vivo and can induce pairing-sensitive repression. Genetics 164: 195-208.
45. Mason JM, Ransom J, Konev AY (2004) A deficiency screen for dominant suppressors of telomeric silencing in Drosophila. Genetics 168: 1353-1370.
46. Crabbe L, Karlseder J (2005) In the end, it's all structure. Curr Mol Med 5: 135-143.
47. Louis EJ, Vershinin AV (2005) Chromosome ends: different sequences may provide conserved functions. Bioessays 27: 685-697.
48. Pryde FE, Gorham HC, Louis EJ (1997) Chromosome ends: all the same under their caps. Curr Opin Genet Dev 7: 822-828.
49. Pardue ML, DeBaryshe PG (2008) Drosophila Telomeres. Fly 2:3: 1-10.
50. Biessmann H, Prasad S, Semeshin VF, Andreyeva EN, Nguyen Q, et al. (2005) Two distinct domains in Drosophila melanogaster telomeres. Genetics.
51. Biessmann H, Prasad S, Walter MF, Mason JM (2005) Euchromatic and heterochromatic domains at Drosophila telomeres. Biochem Cell Biol 83: 477-485.
52. Zhimulev IF, Belyaeva ES, Semeshin VF, Shloma VV, Makunin IV, et al. (2003) Overexpression of the SuUR gene induces reversible modifications at pericentric, telomeric and intercalary heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. J Cell Sci 116: 169-176.
53. Andreyeva EN, Belyaeva ES, Semeshin VF, Pokholkova GV, Zhimulev IF (2005) Three distinct chromatin domains in telomere ends of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster Tel mutants. J Cell Sci 118: 5465-5477.
54. Oikemus SR, McGinnis N, Queiroz-Machado J, Tukachinsky H, Takada S, et al. (2004) Drosophila atm/telomere fusion is required for telomeric localization of HP1 and telomere position effect. Genes Dev 18: 1850-1861.
55. Shanower GA, Muller M, Blanton JL, Honti V, Gyurkovics H, et al. (2005) Characterization of the grappa gene, the Drosophila histone H3 lysine 79 methyltransferase. Genetics 169: 173-184.
56. Cenci G, Ciapponi L, Gatti M (2005) The mechanism of telomere protection: a comparison between Drosophila and humans. Chromosoma 114: 135-145.
57. Wallrath LL, Elgin SC (1995) Position effect variegation in Drosophila is associated with an altered chromatin structure. Genes Dev 9: 1263-1277.
58. Walter MF, Jang C, Kasravi B, Donath J, Mechler BM, et al. (1995) DNA organization and polymorphism of a wild-type Drosophila telomere region. Chromosoma 104: 229-241.
59. Locke J, Kotarski MA, Tartof KD (1988) Dosage-dependent modifiers of position effect variegation in Drosophila and a mass action model that explains their effect. Genetics 120: 181-198.
60. Saunders WS, Chue C, Goebl M, Craig C, Clark RF, et al. (1993) Molecular cloning of a human homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1 using anti-centromere autoantibodies with anti-chromo specificity. J Cell Sci 104(Pt 2): 573-582.
61. Pak DT, Pflumm M, Chesnokov I, Huang DW, Kellum R, et al. (1997) Association of the origin recognition complex with heterochromatin and HP1 in higher eukaryotes. Cell 91: 311-323.
62. De Rubertis F, Kadosh D, Henchoz S, Pauli D, Reuter G, et al. (1996) The histone deacetylase RPD3 counteracts genomic silencing in Drosophila and yeast. Nature 384: 589-591.
63. Aagaard L, Laible G, Selenko P, Schmid M, Dorn R, et al. (1999) Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3-9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31. Embo J 18: 1923-1938.
64. Hwang KK, Eissenberg JC, Worman HJ (2001) Transcriptional repression of euchromatic genes by Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 and histone modifiers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 11423-11427.
65. Mis J, Ner SS, Grigliatti TA (2006) Identification of three histone methyltransferases in Drosophila: dG9a is a suppressor of PEV and is required for gene silencing. Mol Genet Genomics 275: 513-526.
66. Hari KL, Cook KR, Karpen GH (2001) The Drosophila Su(var)2-10 locus regulates chromosome structure and function and encodes a member of the PIAS protein family. Genes Dev 15: 1334-1348.
67. Reuter G, Giarre M, Farah J, Gausz J, Spierer A, et al. (1990) Dependence of position-effect variegation in Drosophila on dose of a gene encoding an unusual zinc-finger protein. Nature 344: 219-223.
68. Cleard F, Delattre M, Spierer P (1997) SU(VAR)3-7, a Drosophila heterochromatin-associated protein and companion of HP1 in the genomic silencing of position-effect variegation. Embo J 16: 5280-5288.
69. Fanti L, Giovinazzo G, Berloco M, Pimpinelli S (1998) The heterochromatin protein 1 prevents telomere fusions in Drosophila. Mol Cell 2: 527-538.
70. Savitsky M, Kravchuk O, Melnikova L, Georgiev P (2002) Heterochromatin protein 1 is involved in control of telomere elongation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 22: 3204-3218.
71. Berloco M, Fanti L, Breiling A, Orlando V, Pimpinelli S (2001) The maternal effect gene, abnormal oocyte (abo), of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a specific negative regulator of histones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 12126-12131.
72. Martin-Blanco E, Gampel A, Ring J, Virdee K, Kirov N, et al. (1998) puckered encodes a phosphatase that mediates a feedback loop regulating JNK activity during dorsal closure in Drosophila. Genes Dev 12: 557-570.
73. Sinclair DA, Ruddell AA, Brock JK, Clegg NJ, Lloyd VK, et al. (1992) A cytogenetic and genetic characterization of a group of closely linked second chromosome mutations that suppress position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 130: 333-344.
74. Hodgson JW, Cheng NN, Sinclair DA, Kyba M, Randsholt NB, et al. (1997) The polyhomeotic locus of Drosophila melanogaster is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated during embryogenesis. Mech Dev 66: 69-81.
75. Brunk BP, Adler PN (1991) The sequence of the Drosophila regulatory gene Suppressor two of zeste. Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3149.
76. Wu CT, Howe M (1995) A genetic analysis of the Suppressor 2 of zeste complex of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 140: 139-181.
77. Smith ER, Pannuti A, Gu W, Steurnagel A, Cook RG, et al. (2000) The drosophila MSL complex acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16, a chromatin modification linked to dosage compensation. Mol Cell Biol 20: 312-318.
78. Buscaino A, Kocher T, Kind JH, Holz H, Taipale M, et al. (2003) MOF-regulated acetylation of MSL-3 in the Drosophila dosage compensation complex. Mol Cell 11: 1265-1277.
79. Daubresse G, Deuring R, Moore L, Papoulas O, Zakrajsek I, et al. (1999) The Drosophila kismet gene is related to chromatin-remodeling factors and is required for both segmentation and segment identity. Development 126: 1175-1187.
80. Srinivasan S, Armstrong JA, Deuring R, Dahlsveen IK, McNeill H, et al. (2005) The Drosophila trithorax group protein Kismet facilitates an early step in transcriptional elongation by RNA Polymerase II. Development 132: 1623-1635.
81. Pinto S, Quintana DG, Smith P, Mihalek RM, Hou ZH, et al. (1999) latheo encodes a subunit of the origin recognition complex and disrupts neuronal proliferation and adult olfactory memory when mutant. Neuron 23: 45-54.
82. Smothers JF, Henikoff S (2001) The hinge and chromo shadow domain impart distinct targeting of HP1-like proteins. Mol Cell Biol 21: 2555-2569.
83. Pardo PS, Leung JK, Lucchesi JC, Pereira-Smith OM (2002) MRG15, a novel chromodomain protein, is present in two distinct multiprotein complexes involved in transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem 277: 50860-50866.
84. Zhang P, Du J, Sun B, Dong X, Xu G, et al. (2006) Structure of human MRG15 chromo domain and its binding to Lys36-methylated histone H3. Nucleic Acids Res 34: 6621-6628.
85. Janicki SM, Tsukamoto T, Salghetti SE, Tansey WP, Sachidanandam R, et al. (2004) From silencing to gene expression: real-time analysis in single cells. Cell 116: 683-698.
86. McKittrick E, Gafken PR, Ahmad K, Henikoff S (2004) Histone H3.3 is enriched in covalent modifications associated with active chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 1525-1530.
87. Ahmad K, Henikoff S (2002) Histone H3 variants specify modes of chromatin assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 Suppl 4: 16477-16484.
88. Kunert N, Marhold J, Stanke J, Stach D, Lyko F (2003) A Dnmt2-like protein mediates DNA methylation in Drosophila. Development 130: 5083-5090.
89. Schotta G, Reuter G (2000) Controlled expression of tagged proteins in Drosophila using a new modular P-element vector system. Mol Gen Genet 262: 916-920.
90. Mottus R (1979) The effect of n-butyrate and n-proprionate on postion effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster [BSc]. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
91. Samal B, Worcel A, Louis C, Schedl P (1981) Chromatin structure of the histone genes of D. melanogaster. Cell 23: 401-409.
92. Moore GD, Procunier JD, Cross DP, Grigliatti TA (1979) Histone gene deficiencies and position-effect variegation in Drosophila. Nature 282: 312-314.
93. Kaufman PD, Cohen JL, Osley MA (1998) Hir proteins are required for position-dependent gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of chromatin assembly factor I. Mol Cell Biol 18: 4793-4806.
94. Norris D, Dunn B, Osley MA (1988) The effect of histone gene deletions on chromatin structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 242: 759-761.
95. Aulner N, Monod C, Mandicourt G, Jullien D, Cuvier O, et al. (2002) The AT-hook protein D1 is essential for Drosophila melanogaster development and is implicated in position-effect variegation. Mol Cell Biol 22: 1218-1232.
96. Cuvier O, Hart CM, Kas E, Laemmli UK (2002) Identification of a multicopy chromatin boundary element at the borders of silenced chromosomal domains. Chromosoma 110: 519-531.
97. Ishii K, Arib G, Lin C, Van Houwe G, Laemmli UK (2002) Chromatin boundaries in budding yeast: the nuclear pore connection. Cell 109: 551-562.
98. Aravind L, Koonin EV (2000) SAP - a putative DNA-binding motif involved in chromosomal organization. Trends Biochem Sci 25: 112-114.
99. Critchlow SE, Jackson SP (1998) DNA end-joining: from yeast to man. Trends Biochem Sci 23: 394-398.
100. Martin SG, Laroche T, Suka N, Grunstein M, Gasser SM (1999) Relocalization of telomeric Ku and SIR proteins in response to DNA strand breaks in yeast. Cell 97: 621-633.
101. Mishra K, Shore D (1999) Yeast Ku protein plays a direct role in telomeric silencing and counteracts inhibition by rif proteins. Curr Biol 9: 1123-1126.
102. Henderson DS, Bailey DA, Sinclair DA, Grigliatti TA (1987) Isolation and characterization of second chromosome mutagen-sensitive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 177: 83-93.
103. Henderson DS, Banga SS, Grigliatti TA, Boyd JB (1994) Mutagen sensitivity and suppression of position-effect variegation result from mutations in mus209, the Drosophila gene encoding PCNA. Embo J 13: 1450-1459.
104. Cenci G, Rawson RB, Belloni G, Castrillon DH, Tudor M, et al. (1997) UbcD1, a Drosophila ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme required for proper telomere behavior. Genes Dev 11: 863-875.