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Volumn 130, Issue 44, 2008, Pages 14477-14479

Direct catalytic asymmetric addition of allylic cyanides to ketoimines

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYANIDE; IMINE; KETONE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 55549141880     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja806572b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (92)

References (41)
  • 22
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    • Selected examples on catalytic generation of active nucleophile from alkylnitriles: (a) Verkade, J. G.; Kisanga, P. B. Aldrichimica Acta 2004, 37, 3.
    • Selected examples on catalytic generation of active nucleophile from alkylnitriles: (a) Verkade, J. G.; Kisanga, P. B. Aldrichimica Acta 2004, 37, 3.
  • 28
    • 55549099722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level. See Supporting Information for details.
    • Calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level. See Supporting Information for details.
  • 31
    • 46049098154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swartz, B. D.; Reinartz, N. M.; Brennessel, W. W.; García, J. J.; Jones, W. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8548. See also ref 11a.
    • (c) Swartz, B. D.; Reinartz, N. M.; Brennessel, W. W.; García, J. J.; Jones, W. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8548. See also ref 11a.
  • 33
    • 55549131708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inexpensive C4 unit. $193.7/500 mL from TCI America as of Aug 2008
    • An inexpensive C4 unit. $193.7/500 mL from TCI America as of Aug 2008.
  • 34
    • 34548154771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olefin geometry of major geometrical isomer was determined to be Z by NOE analysis. Isomerization of double bond was observed in aldol-type addition of allylic cyanide (refs 11a and 13a) and a direct Mannich-type reaction of β,γ-unsaturated ester; see: Yamaguchi, A.; Aoyama, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Shibasaki, M. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 3387.
    • Olefin geometry of major geometrical isomer was determined to be Z by NOE analysis. Isomerization of double bond was observed in aldol-type addition of allylic cyanide (refs 11a and 13a) and a direct Mannich-type reaction of β,γ-unsaturated ester; see: Yamaguchi, A.; Aoyama, N.; Matsunaga, S.; Shibasaki, M. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 3387.
  • 36
    • 55549084694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H NMR and ESI-MS analysis. Analogous catalysts derived from Me or Et-BPE did not promote the reaction at all. For further discussions, see Supporting Information.
    • 1H NMR and ESI-MS analysis. Analogous catalysts derived from Me or Et-BPE did not promote the reaction at all. For further discussions, see Supporting Information.
  • 37
    • 0000526763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of CuOAr upon addition of alkali metal aryloxide to Cu(I) salt; see: Eller, P. G.; Kubas, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4346.
    • Formation of CuOAr upon addition of alkali metal aryloxide to Cu(I) salt; see: Eller, P. G.; Kubas, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4346.
  • 38
    • 53849129261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For C- or N-bound nitrile nucleophile, see: Naota, T.; Tannna, A.; Kamuro, S.; Hieda, M.; Ogata, K.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Takaya, H. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2482, and references cited therein
    • For C- or N-bound nitrile nucleophile, see: Naota, T.; Tannna, A.; Kamuro, S.; Hieda, M.; Ogata, K.; Murahashi, S.-I.; Takaya, H. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2482, and references cited therein
  • 39
    • 44649186145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and references cited therein. For allylcopper nucleophile in asymmetric catalysis, see
    • For allylcopper nucleophile in asymmetric catalysis, see: Kanai, M.; Wada, R.; Shibuguchi, T.; Shibasaki, M. Pure Appl. Chem. 2008, 80, 1055, and references cited therein.
    • (2008) Pure Appl. Chem , vol.80 , pp. 1055
    • Kanai, M.1    Wada, R.2    Shibuguchi, T.3    Shibasaki, M.4
  • 40
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    • Formation of CuOAr upon addition of ArOH to arylcopper; see
    • Formation of CuOAr upon addition of ArOH to arylcopper; see: Kubota, M.; Yamamoto, A. Bull Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1978, 51, 2909.
    • (1978) Bull Chem. Soc. Jpn , vol.51 , pp. 2909
    • Kubota, M.1    Yamamoto, A.2
  • 41
    • 0000384685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At this stage, there are three possibilities: (1) At least 2 Ph-BPE/CuOAr would work together to deprotonate allyl cyanide (2a) if 2a coordinates to Cu in an end-on fashion, because intramolecular proton transfer in Ph-BPE/Cu(NCCH2CH=CH2)OAr would be topologically unlikely. A Li cation would be beneficial for the association of Ph-BPE/CuOAr complexes through a hard-hard interaction between the Li cation and aryloxide, resulting in the acidic protons of Cu-coordinated 2a being located close to another Ph-BPE/CuOAr, which would facilitate the deprotonation of 2a (see the following figure, 2) The Li cation would function as a hard Lewis acid to activate ketoimine 1 for nucleophilic addition, 3) LiClO4 would replace Cu-bound aryloxide, thereby enhancing the Lewis acidity of Cu to facilitate deprotonation and/or addition reaction for a special salt effect of LiClO4, see: Winstein, S, Friedrich, E. C, Smith, S
    • 4 was beneficial for the deprotonation process. Possibility (1) would be the most likely.


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