Reversible control of assembly and disassembly of interlocked supermolecules

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Volumn 69, Issue 20, 2004, Pages 6556-6563

  Chang, Kyoung Jin ^a   An, Young Jae ^a   Uh, Hyounsoo ^a   Jeong, Kyu Sung ^a  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; COMPLEXATION; HYDROGEN BONDS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY;

ASSOCIATION CONSTANTS; HYDROGEN-BONDING INTERACTIONS; STIMULUS-RESPONSIVE ASSEMBLY; SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES;

SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY;

ROTAXANE; XANTHENE;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONFORMATION; HYDROGEN BOND; IRRADIATION; ISOMER; ISOMERIZATION; MOLECULE; SYNTHESIS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EID: 4744367322     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo0490548     Document Type: Article

References (89)

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3. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
4. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
5. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
6. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
7. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
8. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
9. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
10. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
11. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
12. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
13. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
14. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
15. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
16. For recent reviews, see: (a) Amabilino, D. B.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2725-2828. (b) Jäger, R.; Vögle, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 930-944. (c) Nepogodiev, S. A.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1959-1976. (d) Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 611-619. (e) Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1643-1663. (f) Blanco, M.-J.; Jiménez, M. C.; Chambron, J.-C.; Heitz, V.; Linke, M.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1999, 28, 293-305. (g) Breault, G. A.; Hunter, C. A.; Mayers, P. C. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5265-5293. (h) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Raymo, F. M.; Stoddart, J. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348-3391. (i) Hubin, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2000, 200-202, 5-52. (j) Pease, A. R.; Jeppesen, J. O.; Stoddart, J. F.; Luo, Y.; Collier, C. P.; Heath, J. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 433-444. (k) Ballardini, R.; Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T.; Venturi, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 445-455. (l) Harada, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 456-464. (m) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K. Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (n) Collin, J.-P.; Dietrich-Buchecker, C.; Gaviña, P.; Jimenez-Molero, M. C.; Sauvage, J.-P. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 477-487. (o) Kim, K. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2002, 31, 96-107. (p) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Venturi, M. Molecular Devices and Machines - A Journey into the Nano World; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003.
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40. For examples of light-driven machines based on diazo functionality, see: (a) Murakami, H.; Kawabuchi, A.; Kotoo, K.; Kunitake, M.; Nakashima, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7605-7606. (b) Asakawa, M.; Ashton, P. R.; Balzani, V.; Brown, C. L.; Credi, A.; Matthews, O. A.; Newton, S. P.; Raymo, F. M.; Shipway, A. N.; Spencer, N.; Quick, A.; Stoddart, J. F.; White, A. P.; Williams, D. J. Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 860-875. (c) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Marchioni, F.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1860-1861.
41. For examples of light-driven machines based on diazo functionality, see: (a) Murakami, H.; Kawabuchi, A.; Kotoo, K.; Kunitake, M.; Nakashima, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7605-7606. (b) Asakawa, M.; Ashton, P. R.; Balzani, V.; Brown, C. L.; Credi, A.; Matthews, O. A.; Newton, S. P.; Raymo, F. M.; Shipway, A. N.; Spencer, N.; Quick, A.; Stoddart, J. F.; White, A. P.; Williams, D. J. Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 860-875. (c) Balzani, V.; Credi, A.; Marchioni, F.; Stoddart, J. F. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1860-1861.
42. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
43. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
44. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
45. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
46. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
47. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
48. For other light-driven molecular machines: (a) Shinkai, S. In Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry; Lehn, J.-M., Chair Ed.; Atwood, J. L., Davies, J. E. D., MacNicol, D. D., Vögtle, F., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, 1996; Vol. 1, pp 671-700. (b) Würthner, F.; Rebek, J., Jr. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 446-448. (c) Brouwer, A. M.; Frochot, C.; Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Mottier, L.; Paolucci, F.; Roffia, S.; Wurpel, G. W. H. Science 2001, 291, 2124-2128. (d) Wurpel, G. W. H.; Brouwer, A. M.; van Stokkum, I. H. M.; Farran, A.; Leigh, D. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11327-11328. (e) Stanier, C. A.; Alderman, S. J.; Claridge, T. D. W.; Anderson, H. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1769-1772. (f) Altieri, A.; Bottari, G.; Dehez, F.; Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2296-2300. (g) Crowley, J. D.; Goshe, A. J.; Steele, I. M.; Bosnich, B. Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 1944-1955.
49. For a preliminary communication, see: Jeong, K.-S.; Chang, K.-J.; An, Y.-J. Chem. Commun. 2003, 1450-1451.
50. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
51. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
52. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
53. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
54. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
55. For some examples of rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes based on tetralactam macrocycles, see: (a) Vögtle, F.; Dünnwald, T.; Schmidt, T. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 451-460. (b) Schalley, C. A.; Beizai, K.; Vögtle, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 465-476. (c) Reuter, C.; Wienand, W.; Schmuck, C.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1728-1733. (d) Gatti, F. G.; Leigh, D. A.; Nepogodiev, S. A.; Slawin, A. M. Z. Teat, S. J.; Wong, J. K. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5983-5989. (e) Asakawa, M.; Brancato, G,; Fanti, M.; Leigh, D. A.; Shimizu, T.; Slawin, A. M. Z.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Zerbetto, F.; Zhang, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2939-2950. (f) Schalley, C. A.; Silva, G.; Nising, C. F.; Linnartz, P. Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1578-1596. (g) Leigh, D. A.; Wong, J. K. Y.; Dehez, F.; Zerbetto, F. Nature 2003, 424, 174-179.
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82. The complex looks like a rotaxane with bulky stoppers at ends, but behaves like a pseudorotaxane in equilibrium with its components. The distinction between a pseudorotaxane and a rotaxane is sometimes vague. See: (a) Ashton, P. R.; Baxter, I.; Fyfe, M. C. T.; Raymo, F. M.; Spencer, N.; Stoddart, J. F.; White, A. J. P.; Williams, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2297-2307. (b) Chiu, S.-H.; Rowan, S. J.; Cantrill, S. J.; Glink, P. T.; Garrell, R. L.; Stoddart, J. F. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 3631-3634. (c) Jeppesen, J. O.; Becher, J.; Stoddart, J. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 557-560.
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86. For rotaxanes derived from metallocycles, see: (a) Jeong, K.-S.; Choi, J. S.; Chang, S.-Y.; Chang, H.-Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1692-1695. (b) Hunter, C. A.; Low, C. M. R.; Packer, M. J.; Spey, S. E.; Vinter, J. G.; Vysotsky, M. O.; Zonta, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2678-2682. (c) Chang, S.-Y.; Choi, J. S.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 2687-2697. (d) Chang, S.-Y.; Jang, H.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 1535-1541. (e) Chang, S.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4014-4019.
87. For rotaxanes derived from metallocycles, see: (a) Jeong, K.-S.; Choi, J. S.; Chang, S.-Y.; Chang, H.-Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1692-1695. (b) Hunter, C. A.; Low, C. M. R.; Packer, M. J.; Spey, S. E.; Vinter, J. G.; Vysotsky, M. O.; Zonta, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2678-2682. (c) Chang, S.-Y.; Choi, J. S.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 2687-2697. (d) Chang, S.-Y.; Jang, H.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 1535-1541. (e) Chang, S.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4014-4019.
88. For rotaxanes derived from metallocycles, see: (a) Jeong, K.-S.; Choi, J. S.; Chang, S.-Y.; Chang, H.-Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1692-1695. (b) Hunter, C. A.; Low, C. M. R.; Packer, M. J.; Spey, S. E.; Vinter, J. G.; Vysotsky, M. O.; Zonta, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2678-2682. (c) Chang, S.-Y.; Choi, J. S.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 2687-2697. (d) Chang, S.-Y.; Jang, H.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 1535-1541. (e) Chang, S.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4014-4019.
89. For rotaxanes derived from metallocycles, see: (a) Jeong, K.-S.; Choi, J. S.; Chang, S.-Y.; Chang, H.-Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1692-1695. (b) Hunter, C. A.; Low, C. M. R.; Packer, M. J.; Spey, S. E.; Vinter, J. G.; Vysotsky, M. O.; Zonta, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2678-2682. (c) Chang, S.-Y.; Choi, J. S.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 2687-2697. (d) Chang, S.-Y.; Jang, H.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 1535-1541. (e) Chang, S.-Y.; Jeong, K.-S. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4014-4019.