메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue , 2008, Pages 251-288

Oceanic euxinia in Earth history: Causes and consequences

Author keywords

Anoxia; Geochemical proxies; Mass extinction; Ocean circulation; Phosphorus cycle; Sulfur cycle

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; CONTINENTAL (CO); EUXINIC CONDITIONS; FEEDBACKS]; MASS EXTINCTIONS; NUTRIENT RECYCLING; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; OCEAN CONDITIONS; OXYGEN DEPLETION; PERMIAN; PHOSPHATE RELEASE; PRIMARY FACTORS; SULFATE REDUCTION; SULFIDE BUILDUP; TRAPPING REGIONS; WARM CONDITIONS;

EID: 45849128290     PISSN: 00846597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124256     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (394)

References (142)
  • 1
    • 11044222645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can marine anoxic events draw down the trace element inventory of seawater?
    • Algeo TJ. 2004. Can marine anoxic events draw down the trace element inventory of seawater? Geology 32:1057-60
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 1057-1060
    • Algeo, T.J.1
  • 2
    • 33646345833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions
    • Algeo TJ, Lyons TW. 2006. Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions. Paleoceanography 21(1):PA1016
    • (2006) Paleoceanography , vol.21 , Issue.1
    • Algeo, T.J.1    Lyons, T.W.2
  • 3
    • 2442501555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems
    • Algeo TJ, Maynard JB. 2004. Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems. Chem. Geol. 206:289-318
    • (2004) Chem. Geol , vol.206 , pp. 289-318
    • Algeo, T.J.1    Maynard, J.B.2
  • 4
    • 0037119593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: A bioinorganic bridge?
    • Anbar AD, Knoll AH. 2002. Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: a bioinorganic bridge? Science 297:1137-42
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1137-1142
    • Anbar, A.D.1    Knoll, A.H.2
  • 5
    • 0023790627 scopus 로고
    • On the sulfur chemistry of a super-anoxic fjord, Framvaren, south Norway
    • Anderson LG, Dyrssen D, Hall POJ. 1988. On the sulfur chemistry of a super-anoxic fjord, Framvaren, south Norway. Mar. Chem. 23:283-93
    • (1988) Mar. Chem , vol.23 , pp. 283-293
    • Anderson, L.G.1    Dyrssen, D.2    Hall, P.O.J.3
  • 6
    • 1842529302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molybdenum isotope evidence for widespread anoxia in mid-Proterozoic oceans
    • Arnold GL, Anbar AD, Barling J, Lyons TW. 2004. Molybdenum isotope evidence for widespread anoxia in mid-Proterozoic oceans. Science 304:87-90
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 87-90
    • Arnold, G.L.1    Anbar, A.D.2    Barling, J.3    Lyons, T.W.4
  • 7
    • 25144475996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles
    • Arrigo KR. 2005. Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles. Nature 437:349-55
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 349-355
    • Arrigo, K.R.1
  • 8
    • 0028578414 scopus 로고
    • Marine black shales: Depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits
    • Arthur MA, Sageman BB. 1994. Marine black shales: depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient deposits. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 22:499-551
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci , vol.22 , pp. 499-551
    • Arthur, M.A.1    Sageman, B.B.2
  • 9
    • 45849133903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arthur MA, Sageman BB. 2005. Sea-level control on source-rock development: perspectives from the Holocene Black Sea, the mid-Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, and the late Devonian Appalachian basin. In The Deposition of Organic-Carbon-Rich Sediments: Models, Mechanisms, and Consequences, ed. NB Harris, Spec. Pub. 82, pp. 35-59. Tulsa, OK: SEPM. 282 pp.
    • Arthur MA, Sageman BB. 2005. Sea-level control on source-rock development: perspectives from the Holocene Black Sea, the mid-Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, and the late Devonian Appalachian basin. In The Deposition of Organic-Carbon-Rich Sediments: Models, Mechanisms, and Consequences, ed. NB Harris, Spec. Pub. 82, pp. 35-59. Tulsa, OK: SEPM. 282 pp.
  • 10
    • 0026614974 scopus 로고
    • Sulfide as an environmental-factor and toxicant-tolerance and adaptations in aquatic organisms
    • Bagarinao T. 1992. Sulfide as an environmental-factor and toxicant-tolerance and adaptations in aquatic organisms. Aquat. Toxicol. 24:21-62
    • (1992) Aquat. Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 21-62
    • Bagarinao, T.1
  • 11
    • 33744961896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phanerozoic biodiversity and mass extinctions
    • Bambach RK. 2006. Phanerozoic biodiversity and mass extinctions. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 34:27-55
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci , vol.34 , pp. 27-55
    • Bambach, R.K.1
  • 12
    • 33746283310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy, sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (central India)
    • Banerjee S, Dutta S, Paikaray S, Mann U. 2006. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (central India). J. Earth Syst. Sci. 115:37-47
    • (2006) J. Earth Syst. Sci , vol.115 , pp. 37-47
    • Banerjee, S.1    Dutta, S.2    Paikaray, S.3    Mann, U.4
  • 13
    • 0037007071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling
    • Berner RA. 2002. Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:4172-77
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 4172-4177
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 14
    • 0020646827 scopus 로고
    • Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over Phanerozoic time: A new theory
    • Berner RA, Raiswell R. 1983. Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over Phanerozoic time: a new theory. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47:855-62
    • (1983) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.47 , pp. 855-862
    • Berner, R.A.1    Raiswell, R.2
  • 15
    • 0021638533 scopus 로고
    • C/S method for distinguishing freshwater from marine sedimentary rocks
    • Berner RA, Raiswell R. 1984. C/S method for distinguishing freshwater from marine sedimentary rocks. Geology 12:365-68
    • (1984) Geology , vol.12 , pp. 365-368
    • Berner, R.A.1    Raiswell, R.2
  • 16
    • 2542543592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France
    • Bond D, Wignall PB, Racki G. 2004. Extent and duration of marine anoxia during the Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction in Poland, Germany, Austria and France. Geol. Mag. 141:173-93
    • (2004) Geol. Mag , vol.141 , pp. 173-193
    • Bond, D.1    Wignall, P.B.2    Racki, G.3
  • 17
    • 84879886885 scopus 로고
    • Low productivity and slow deep-water circulation in mid-Cretaceous ocean
    • Bralower TJ, Thierstein HR. 1984. Low productivity and slow deep-water circulation in mid-Cretaceous ocean. Geology 12:614-18
    • (1984) Geology , vol.12 , pp. 614-618
    • Bralower, T.J.1    Thierstein, H.R.2
  • 19
    • 27144475394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea. Nature 437:866-70
    • Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea. Nature 437:866-70
  • 21
    • 8444226841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water column structure during deposition of Middle Devonian-Lower Mississippian black and green/gray shales of the Illinois and Michigan basins: A biomarker approach
    • Brown TC, Kenig F. 2004. Water column structure during deposition of Middle Devonian-Lower Mississippian black and green/gray shales of the Illinois and Michigan basins: a biomarker approach. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 215:59-85
    • (2004) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.215 , pp. 59-85
    • Brown, T.C.1    Kenig, F.2
  • 22
    • 33644841945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation
    • Brumsack HJ. 2006. The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: implications for Cretaceous black shale formation. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 232:344-61
    • (2006) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.232 , pp. 344-361
    • Brumsack, H.J.1
  • 23
    • 0003329541 scopus 로고
    • Fayetteville Green Lake, New York. I. Physical and chemical limnology
    • Brunskill GJ, Ludlam SD. 1969. Fayetteville Green Lake, New York. I. Physical and chemical limnology. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14:817-29
    • (1969) Limnol. Oceanogr , vol.14 , pp. 817-829
    • Brunskill, G.J.1    Ludlam, S.D.2
  • 24
    • 0026268797 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between sulfur, organic carbon, and iron in the modern sediments of the Black Sea
    • Calvert SE, Karlin RE. 1991. Relationships between sulfur, organic carbon, and iron in the modern sediments of the Black Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55:2483-90
    • (1991) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.55 , pp. 2483-2490
    • Calvert, S.E.1    Karlin, R.E.2
  • 25
    • 0029752023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stable isotope study of pyrite formation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Black Sea
    • Calvert SE, Thode HG, Yeung D, Karlin RE. 1996. A stable isotope study of pyrite formation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Black Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60:1261-70
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 1261-1270
    • Calvert, S.E.1    Thode, H.G.2    Yeung, D.3    Karlin, R.E.4
  • 26
    • 0032480974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anew model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry
    • Canfield DE. 1998. Anew model for Proterozoic ocean chemistry. Nature 396:450-53
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 450-453
    • Canfield, D.E.1
  • 27
    • 33846696837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life
    • Canfield DE, Poulton SW, Narbonne GM. 2007. Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life. Science 315:92-95
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 92-95
    • Canfield, D.E.1    Poulton, S.W.2    Narbonne, G.M.3
  • 28
    • 0027088825 scopus 로고
    • The reactivity of sedimentary iron minerals toward sulfide
    • Canfield DE, Raiswell R, Bottrell S. 1992. The reactivity of sedimentary iron minerals toward sulfide. Am. J. Sci. 292:659-83
    • (1992) Am. J. Sci , vol.292 , pp. 659-683
    • Canfield, D.E.1    Raiswell, R.2    Bottrell, S.3
  • 29
    • 0029663540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies
    • Canfield DE, Teske A. 1996. Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies. Nature 382:127-32
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 127-132
    • Canfield, D.E.1    Teske, A.2
  • 30
    • 0035280714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precambrian superplumes and supercontinents: A record in black shales, carbon isotopes, and paleoclimates?
    • Condie KC, Des Marais DJ, Abbott D. 2001. Precambrian superplumes and supercontinents: a record in black shales, carbon isotopes, and paleoclimates? Precambrian Res. 106:239-60
    • (2001) Precambrian Res , vol.106 , pp. 239-260
    • Condie, K.C.1    Des Marais, D.J.2    Abbott, D.3
  • 32
    • 0344541108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A euxinic southern North Atlantic Ocean during the Cenomanian/Turonian oceanic anoxic event
    • Damste JSS, Koster J. 1998. A euxinic southern North Atlantic Ocean during the Cenomanian/Turonian oceanic anoxic event. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 158:165-73
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.158 , pp. 165-173
    • Damste, J.S.S.1    Koster, J.2
  • 33
    • 0035007432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isorenieratene derivatives in sediments: Possible controls on their distribution
    • Damste JSS, Schouten S, van Duin ACT. 2001. Isorenieratene derivatives in sediments: possible controls on their distribution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65:1557-71
    • (2001) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.65 , pp. 1557-1571
    • Damste, J.S.S.1    Schouten, S.2    van Duin, A.C.T.3
  • 34
    • 0035088785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The meromictic alpine Lake Cadagno: Orographical and biogeochemical description
    • Del Don C, Hanselmann KW, Peduzzi R, Bachofen R. 2001. The meromictic alpine Lake Cadagno: orographical and biogeochemical description. Aquat. Sci. 63:70-90
    • (2001) Aquat. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 70-90
    • Del Don, C.1    Hanselmann, K.W.2    Peduzzi, R.3    Bachofen, R.4
  • 35
  • 37
    • 0024251019 scopus 로고
    • Depositional environment of the middle Proterozoic Velkerri Formation in Northern Australia: Geochemical evidence
    • Donnelly TH, Crick IH. 1988. Depositional environment of the middle Proterozoic Velkerri Formation in Northern Australia: geochemical evidence. Precambrian Res. 42:165-72
    • (1988) Precambrian Res , vol.42 , pp. 165-172
    • Donnelly, T.H.1    Crick, I.H.2
  • 38
    • 33646348710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional and isotopic characteristics of organic matter for the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event at Shatsky Rise, ODP leg 198
    • Dumitrescu M, Brassell SC. 2006. Compositional and isotopic characteristics of organic matter for the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event at Shatsky Rise, ODP leg 198. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 235:168-91
    • (2006) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.235 , pp. 168-191
    • Dumitrescu, M.1    Brassell, S.C.2
  • 39
    • 0003302946 scopus 로고
    • A limnological study of the profundal bottom fauna of certain fresh-water lakes
    • Eggleton FE. 1931. A limnological study of the profundal bottom fauna of certain fresh-water lakes. Ecol. Monogr. 1:231-331
    • (1931) Ecol. Monogr , vol.1 , pp. 231-331
    • Eggleton, F.E.1
  • 40
    • 0030621148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 in the ocean
    • 2 in the ocean. Nature 387:272-75
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 272-275
    • Falkowski, P.G.1
  • 41
    • 0033841820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life, death and revival of the hypertrophic Manager Fjord, Denmark
    • Fallesen G, Andersen F, Larsen B. 2000. Life, death and revival of the hypertrophic Manager Fjord, Denmark. J. Mar. Syst. 25:313-21
    • (2000) J. Mar. Syst , vol.25 , pp. 313-321
    • Fallesen, G.1    Andersen, F.2    Larsen, B.3
  • 42
    • 32644444040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coevolution of the nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles in the Proterozoic ocean
    • Fennel K, Follows MJ, Falkowski PG. 2005. The coevolution of the nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles in the Proterozoic ocean. Am. J. Sci. 305:526-45
    • (2005) Am. J. Sci , vol.305 , pp. 526-545
    • Fennel, K.1    Follows, M.J.2    Falkowski, P.G.3
  • 44
    • 0343844462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and phosphorus cycling in anoxic sediments of the Saanich Inlet, British Columbia
    • Filippelli GM. 2001. Carbon and phosphorus cycling in anoxic sediments of the Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Mar. Geol. 174:307-21
    • (2001) Mar. Geol , vol.174 , pp. 307-321
    • Filippelli, G.M.1
  • 45
    • 0001579147 scopus 로고
    • Secular variations in the pelagic realm
    • ed. HE Cook, P Enos, pp, Tulsa, OK: SEPM
    • Fischer AG, Arthur MA. 1977. Secular variations in the pelagic realm. In Deep-Water Carbonate Environments, ed. HE Cook, P Enos, pp. 19-50. Tulsa, OK: SEPM
    • (1977) Deep-Water Carbonate Environments , pp. 19-50
    • Fischer, A.G.1    Arthur, M.A.2
  • 46
    • 22744459588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace sulfate in mid-Proterozoic carbonates and the sulfur isotope record of biospheric evolution
    • Gellatly AM, Lyons TW. 2005. Trace sulfate in mid-Proterozoic carbonates and the sulfur isotope record of biospheric evolution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69:3813-29
    • (2005) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.69 , pp. 3813-3829
    • Gellatly, A.M.1    Lyons, T.W.2
  • 47
    • 84879881683 scopus 로고
    • 34S secular trends in pyrite and barite, Selwyn Basin, Yukon
    • 34S secular trends in pyrite and barite, Selwyn Basin, Yukon. Geology 12:583-86
    • (1984) Geology , vol.12 , pp. 583-586
    • Goodfellow, W.D.1    Jonasson, I.R.2
  • 48
    • 19944431675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event
    • Grice K, Cao CQ, Love GD, Bottcher ME, Twitchett RJ, et al. 2005. Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. Science 307:706-9
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 706-709
    • Grice, K.1    Cao, C.Q.2    Love, G.D.3    Bottcher, M.E.4    Twitchett, R.J.5
  • 49
    • 0030423512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maleimides (1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones) as molecular indicators of anoxygenic photosynthesis in ancient water columns
    • Grice K, Gibbison R, Atkinson JE, Schwark L, Eckardt CB, Maxwell JR. 1996. Maleimides (1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones) as molecular indicators of anoxygenic photosynthesis in ancient water columns. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60:3913-24
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 3913-3924
    • Grice, K.1    Gibbison, R.2    Atkinson, J.E.3    Schwark, L.4    Eckardt, C.B.5    Maxwell, J.R.6
  • 50
    • 84874974716 scopus 로고
    • Seawater strontium iso-topic perturbation at the Permian-Triassic boundary, West Spitsbergen, and its implications for the interpretation of strontium isotopic data
    • Gruszczynski M, Hoffman A, Malkowski K, Veizer J. 1992. Seawater strontium iso-topic perturbation at the Permian-Triassic boundary, West Spitsbergen, and its implications for the interpretation of strontium isotopic data. Geology 20:779-82
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 779-782
    • Gruszczynski, M.1    Hoffman, A.2    Malkowski, K.3    Veizer, J.4
  • 52
    • 0028668210 scopus 로고
    • A molecular and carbon isotopic study towards the origin and diagenetic fate of diaromatic carotenoids
    • Hartgers WA, Damste JSS, Requejo AG, Allan J, Hayes JM, et al. 1994. A molecular and carbon isotopic study towards the origin and diagenetic fate of diaromatic carotenoids. Org. Geochem. 22:703-25
    • (1994) Org. Geochem , vol.22 , pp. 703-725
    • Hartgers, W.A.1    Damste, J.S.S.2    Requejo, A.G.3    Allan, J.4    Hayes, J.M.5
  • 53
    • 45849127735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid biomarker records across the Permian-Triassic boundary from Kap Stosch, Greenland
    • Abstr
    • Hays L, Love GD, Foster CB, Grice K, Summons RE. 2006. Lipid biomarker records across the Permian-Triassic boundary from Kap Stosch, Greenland. Eos Trans. AGU 87(52):PP41B-1203 (Abstr.)
    • (2006) Eos Trans. AGU , vol.87 , Issue.52
    • Hays, L.1    Love, G.D.2    Foster, C.B.3    Grice, K.4    Summons, R.E.5
  • 54
    • 84874964036 scopus 로고
    • Ocean nutrient distribution and oxygenation-limits on the formation of warm saline bottom water over the past 91 My
    • Herbert TD, Sarmiento JL. 1991. Ocean nutrient distribution and oxygenation-limits on the formation of warm saline bottom water over the past 91 My. Geology 19:702-5
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 702-705
    • Herbert, T.D.1    Sarmiento, J.L.2
  • 55
    • 33747790905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holland HD. 2006. The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 361:903-15
    • Holland HD. 2006. The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 361:903-15
  • 56
    • 0036840657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic: Implications from the record of marine evaporites
    • Horita J, Zimmerman H, Holland HD. 2002. The chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic: implications from the record of marine evaporites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66(21):3733-56
    • (2002) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.66 , Issue.21 , pp. 3733-3756
    • Horita, J.1    Zimmerman, H.2    Holland, H.D.3
  • 58
    • 0034352405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Sea chemocline oscillations during the Holocene: Molecular and isotopic studies of marginal sediments
    • Huang YS, Freeman KH, Wilkin RT, Arthur MA, Jones AD. 2000. Black Sea chemocline oscillations during the Holocene: molecular and isotopic studies of marginal sediments. Org. Geochem. 31:1525-31
    • (2000) Org. Geochem , vol.31 , pp. 1525-1531
    • Huang, Y.S.1    Freeman, K.H.2    Wilkin, R.T.3    Arthur, M.A.4    Jones, A.D.5
  • 59
    • 0027059727 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope (C, S, N) and molecular studies on the Precambrian Nonesuch Shale (Wisconsin-Michigan, USA)-evidence for differential preservation rates, depositional environment and hydrothermal influence
    • Imbus SW, Macko SA, Elmore RD, Engel MH. 1992. Stable isotope (C, S, N) and molecular studies on the Precambrian Nonesuch Shale (Wisconsin-Michigan, USA)-evidence for differential preservation rates, depositional environment and hydrothermal influence. Chem. Geol. 101:255-81
    • (1992) Chem. Geol , vol.101 , pp. 255-281
    • Imbus, S.W.1    Macko, S.A.2    Elmore, R.D.3    Engel, M.H.4
  • 60
    • 0030908522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of water-column anoxia on the elemental fractionation of carbon and phosphorus during sediment diagenesis
    • Ingall E, Jahnke R. 1997. Influence of water-column anoxia on the elemental fractionation of carbon and phosphorus during sediment diagenesis. Mar. Geol. 139:219-29
    • (1997) Mar. Geol , vol.139 , pp. 219-229
    • Ingall, E.1    Jahnke, R.2
  • 61
    • 0027382682 scopus 로고
    • Influence of water column anoxia on the burial and preservation of carbon and phosphorus in marine shales
    • Ingall ED, Bustin RM, Van Cappellen P. 1993. Influence of water column anoxia on the burial and preservation of carbon and phosphorus in marine shales. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57:303-16
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 303-316
    • Ingall, E.D.1    Bustin, R.M.2    Van Cappellen, P.3
  • 62
    • 0030620777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: Records from lost deep sea
    • Isozaki Y. 1997. Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: records from lost deep sea. Science 276:235-38
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 235-238
    • Isozaki, Y.1
  • 63
    • 0026304635 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentology and carbon sulfur geochemistry of the Velkerri Formation, a Midproterozoic potential oil source in Northern Australia
    • Jackson MJ, Raiswell R. 1991. Sedimentology and carbon sulfur geochemistry of the Velkerri Formation, a Midproterozoic potential oil source in Northern Australia. Precambrian Res. 54:81-108
    • (1991) Precambrian Res , vol.54 , pp. 81-108
    • Jackson, M.J.1    Raiswell, R.2
  • 64
    • 0035713632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope evidence for water mass denitrification during the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event
    • Jenkyns HC, Grocke DR, Hesselbo SP. 2001. Nitrogen isotope evidence for water mass denitrification during the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography 16:593-603
    • (2001) Paleoceanography , vol.16 , pp. 593-603
    • Jenkyns, H.C.1    Grocke, D.R.2    Hesselbo, S.P.3
  • 66
    • 28544449263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active microbial sulfur disproportionation in the Mesoproterozoic
    • Johnston DT, Wing BA, Farquhar J, Kaufman AJ, Strauss H, et al. 2005. Active microbial sulfur disproportionation in the Mesoproterozoic. Science 310:1477-79
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1477-1479
    • Johnston, D.T.1    Wing, B.A.2    Farquhar, J.3    Kaufman, A.J.4    Strauss, H.5
  • 67
    • 71749110242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen cycling during the Cretaceous, Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event II
    • Junium CK, Arthur MA. 2007. Nitrogen cycling during the Cretaceous, Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event II. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8:Q03002
    • (2007) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst , vol.8
    • Junium, C.K.1    Arthur, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 7244232545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere
    • Kah LC, Lyons TW, Frank TD. 2004. Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere. Nature 431:834-38
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 834-838
    • Kah, L.C.1    Lyons, T.W.2    Frank, T.D.3
  • 69
    • 33748617135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif
    • Kaiser SI, Steuber T, Becker RT, Joachimski MM. 2006. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 240:146-60
    • (2006) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.240 , pp. 146-160
    • Kaiser, S.I.1    Steuber, T.2    Becker, R.T.3    Joachimski, M.M.4
  • 70
    • 2442494933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent euxinia: Reconciliation of a Jurassic black shale with its biofacies
    • Kenig F, Hudson JD, Damste JSS, Popp BN. 2004. Intermittent euxinia: reconciliation of a Jurassic black shale with its biofacies. Geology 32:421-24
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 421-424
    • Kenig, F.1    Hudson, J.D.2    Damste, J.S.S.3    Popp, B.N.4
  • 71
  • 72
    • 24644496730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate simulation of the latest Permian: Implications for mass extinction
    • Kiehl JT, Shields CA. 2005. Climate simulation of the latest Permian: implications for mass extinction. Geology 33:757-60
    • (2005) Geology , vol.33 , pp. 757-760
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Shields, C.A.2
  • 73
    • 33750020477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 276 pp
    • King C. 2004. The Black Sea: A History. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 276 pp.
    • (2004) The Black Sea: A History
    • King, C.1
  • 77
    • 18944407135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia
    • Kump LR, Pavlov A, Arthur MA. 2005. Massive release of hydrogen sulfide to the surface ocean and atmosphere during intervals of oceanic anoxia. Geology 33:397-400
    • (2005) Geology , vol.33 , pp. 397-400
    • Kump, L.R.1    Pavlov, A.2    Arthur, M.A.3
  • 78
    • 0003229103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced productivity led to increased organic carbon burial in the euxinic North Adantic basin during the late Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event
    • Kuypers MMM, Pancost RD, Nijenhuis IA, Damste JSS. 2002. Enhanced productivity led to increased organic carbon burial in the euxinic North Adantic basin during the late Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography 17(4):1051
    • (2002) Paleoceanography , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 1051
    • Kuypers, M.M.M.1    Pancost, R.D.2    Nijenhuis, I.A.3    Damste, J.S.S.4
  • 79
    • 34548013504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hydrogen sulfide in a Permian-Triassic boundary ozone collapse
    • Lamarque JF, Kiehl JT, Orlando JJ. 2007. Role of hydrogen sulfide in a Permian-Triassic boundary ozone collapse. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34:L02801
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Lamarque, J.F.1    Kiehl, J.T.2    Orlando, J.J.3
  • 80
    • 0036765174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: Biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous
    • Leckie RM, Bralower TJ, Cashman R. 2002. Oceanic anoxic events and plankton evolution: biotic response to tectonic forcing during the mid-Cretaceous. Paleoceanography 17(3):1041
    • (2002) Paleoceanography , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 1041
    • Leckie, R.M.1    Bralower, T.J.2    Cashman, R.3
  • 81
    • 0242413973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular variation in seawater chemistry and the origin of calcium chloride basinal brines
    • Lowenstein TK, Hardie LA, Timofeeff MN, Demicco RV. 2003. Secular variation in seawater chemistry and the origin of calcium chloride basinal brines. Geology 31:857-60
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 857-860
    • Lowenstein, T.K.1    Hardie, L.A.2    Timofeeff, M.N.3    Demicco, R.V.4
  • 82
    • 0027073742 scopus 로고
    • Carbon sulfur iron systematics of the uppermost deep-water sediments of the Black Sea
    • Lyons TW, Berner RA. 1992. Carbon sulfur iron systematics of the uppermost deep-water sediments of the Black Sea. Chem. Geol. 99:1-27
    • (1992) Chem. Geol , vol.99 , pp. 1-27
    • Lyons, T.W.1    Berner, R.A.2
  • 83
    • 0034032220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur geochemical constraints on Mesoproterozoic restricted marine deposition: Lower belt supergroup, northwestern United States
    • Lyons TW, Luepke JJ, Schreiber ME, Zieg GA. 2000. Sulfur geochemical constraints on Mesoproterozoic restricted marine deposition: lower belt supergroup, northwestern United States. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64:427-37
    • (2000) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.64 , pp. 427-437
    • Lyons, T.W.1    Luepke, J.J.2    Schreiber, M.E.3    Zieg, G.A.4
  • 84
    • 33750822500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins
    • Lyons TW, Severmann S. 2006. A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: new insights from modern euxinic marine basins. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70:5698-722
    • (2006) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.70 , pp. 5698-5722
    • Lyons, T.W.1    Severmann, S.2
  • 85
    • 17744371935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoproterozoic evaporites in Fennoscandia: Implications for seawater sulphate, the rise of atmospheric oxygen and local amplification of the delta C-13 excursion
    • Melezhik VA, Fallick AE, Rychanchik DV, Kuznetsov AB. 2005. Palaeoproterozoic evaporites in Fennoscandia: implications for seawater sulphate, the rise of atmospheric oxygen and local amplification of the delta C-13 excursion. Terra Nova 17:141-48
    • (2005) Terra Nova , vol.17 , pp. 141-148
    • Melezhik, V.A.1    Fallick, A.E.2    Rychanchik, D.V.3    Kuznetsov, A.B.4
  • 86
    • 28144453198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change
    • Miller KG. 2005. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science 310:1293-98
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1293-1298
    • Miller, K.G.1
  • 87
  • 88
    • 34250846413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus and the roles of productivity and nutrient recycling during oceanic anoxic event 2
    • Mort HP, Adatte T, Follmi KB, Keller G, Steinmann P, et al. 2007. Phosphorus and the roles of productivity and nutrient recycling during oceanic anoxic event 2. Geology 35:483-86
    • (2007) Geology , vol.35 , pp. 483-486
    • Mort, H.P.1    Adatte, T.2    Follmi, K.B.3    Keller, G.4    Steinmann, P.5
  • 89
    • 84879884421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eutrophication by decoupling of the marine biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P: A mechanism for the Late Devonian mass extinction
    • Murphy AE, Sageman BB, Hollander DJ. 2000. Eutrophication by decoupling of the marine biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P: a mechanism for the Late Devonian mass extinction. Geology 28:427-30
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 427-430
    • Murphy, A.E.1    Sageman, B.B.2    Hollander, D.J.3
  • 90
    • 45849116009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eutrophication by decoupling of the marine biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P: A mechanism for the Late Devonian mass extinction: comment and reply: reply
    • Murphy AE, Sageman BB, Hollander DJ. 2001. Eutrophication by decoupling of the marine biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P: a mechanism for the Late Devonian mass extinction: comment and reply: reply. Geology 29:470-71
    • (2001) Geology , vol.29 , pp. 470-471
    • Murphy, A.E.1    Sageman, B.B.2    Hollander, D.J.3
  • 92
    • 3142714001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling oceanic carbon and phosphorus fluxes: Implications for the cause of the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2)
    • Nederbragt AJ, Thurow J, Vonhof H, Brumsack HJ. 2004. Modelling oceanic carbon and phosphorus fluxes: implications for the cause of the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2). J. Geol. Soc. 161:721-28
    • (2004) J. Geol. Soc , vol.161 , pp. 721-728
    • Nederbragt, A.J.1    Thurow, J.2    Vonhof, H.3    Brumsack, H.J.4
  • 93
    • 1142268956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large shifts in the isotopic composition of seawater sulphate across the Permo-Triassic boundary in northern Italy
    • Newton RJ, Pevitt EL, Wignall PB, Bottrell SH. 2004. Large shifts in the isotopic composition of seawater sulphate across the Permo-Triassic boundary in northern Italy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 218:331-45
    • (2004) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.218 , pp. 331-345
    • Newton, R.J.1    Pevitt, E.L.2    Wignall, P.B.3    Bottrell, S.H.4
  • 95
    • 11044231544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the Late Permian in the East Greenland Basin
    • Nielsen JK, Shen Y. 2004. Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the Late Permian in the East Greenland Basin. Geology 32:1037-40
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 1037-1040
    • Nielsen, J.K.1    Shen, Y.2
  • 96
    • 0036626519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of physical processes controlling oxycline and suboxic layer structures in the Black Sea
    • Oguz T. 2002. Role of physical processes controlling oxycline and suboxic layer structures in the Black Sea. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 16(2):1019
    • (2002) Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 1019
    • Oguz, T.1
  • 98
    • 0026398974 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a dense, purple sulfur bacterial layer in a meromictic salt lake
    • Overmann J, Beatty JT, Hall KJ, Pfennig N, Northcote TG. 1991. Characterization of a dense, purple sulfur bacterial layer in a meromictic salt lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:846-59
    • (1991) Limnol. Oceanogr , vol.36 , pp. 846-859
    • Overmann, J.1    Beatty, J.T.2    Hall, K.J.3    Pfennig, N.4    Northcote, T.G.5
  • 99
    • 0027088857 scopus 로고
    • An extremely low-light-adapted phototrophic sulfur bacterium from the Black Sea
    • Overmann J, Cypionka H, Pfennig N. 1992. An extremely low-light-adapted phototrophic sulfur bacterium from the Black Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:150-55
    • (1992) Limnol. Oceanogr , vol.37 , pp. 150-155
    • Overmann, J.1    Cypionka, H.2    Pfennig, N.3
  • 100
    • 0027460922 scopus 로고
    • Fossil carotenoids and paleolimnology of meromictic Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada
    • Overmann J, Sandmann G, Hall KJ, Northcote TG. 1993. Fossil carotenoids and paleolimnology of meromictic Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Aquat. Sci. 55:31-39
    • (1993) Aquat. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 31-39
    • Overmann, J.1    Sandmann, G.2    Hall, K.J.3    Northcote, T.G.4
  • 101
    • 2142750200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence for the development of photic-zone euxinic conditions during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events
    • Pancost RD, Crawford N, Magness S, Turner A, Jenkyns HC, Maxwell JR. 2004. Further evidence for the development of photic-zone euxinic conditions during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events. J. Geol. Soc. 161:353-64
    • (2004) J. Geol. Soc , vol.161 , pp. 353-364
    • Pancost, R.D.1    Crawford, N.2    Magness, S.3    Turner, A.4    Jenkyns, H.C.5    Maxwell, J.R.6
  • 102
    • 4544356069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transition to a sulphidic ocean ∼1.84 billion years ago
    • Poulton SW, Fralick PW, Canfield DE. 2004. The transition to a sulphidic ocean ∼1.84 billion years ago. Nature 431:173-78
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 173-178
    • Poulton, S.W.1    Fralick, P.W.2    Canfield, D.E.3
  • 103
    • 0022264889 scopus 로고
    • Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments
    • Raiswell R, Berner RA. 1985. Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediments. Am. J. Sci. 285:710-24
    • (1985) Am. J. Sci , vol.285 , pp. 710-724
    • Raiswell, R.1    Berner, R.A.2
  • 104
    • 0024228433 scopus 로고
    • Degree of pyritization of iron as a paleoenvironmental indicator of bottom-water oxygenation
    • Raiswell R, Buckley F, Berner RA, Anderson TF. 1988. Degree of pyritization of iron as a paleoenvironmental indicator of bottom-water oxygenation. J. Sedimentary Pet. 58:812-19
    • (1988) J. Sedimentary Pet , vol.58 , pp. 812-819
    • Raiswell, R.1    Buckley, F.2    Berner, R.A.3    Anderson, T.F.4
  • 105
    • 0029827908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of reaction between silicate iron and dissolved sulfide in Peru margin sediments
    • Raiswell R, Canfield DE. 1996. Rates of reaction between silicate iron and dissolved sulfide in Peru margin sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60:2777-87
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 2777-2787
    • Raiswell, R.1    Canfield, D.E.2
  • 106
    • 0032396172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of iron for pyrite formation in marine sediments
    • Raiswell R, Canfield DE. 1998. Sources of iron for pyrite formation in marine sediments. Am. J. Sci. 298:219-45
    • (1998) Am. J. Sci , vol.298 , pp. 219-245
    • Raiswell, R.1    Canfield, D.E.2
  • 107
    • 33750798805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur isotopic evidence for chemocline upward excursions during the end-Permian mass extinction
    • Riccardi AL, Arthur MA, Kump LR. 2006. Sulfur isotopic evidence for chemocline upward excursions during the end-Permian mass extinction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70:5740-52
    • (2006) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.70 , pp. 5740-5752
    • Riccardi, A.L.1    Arthur, M.A.2    Kump, L.R.3
  • 108
    • 33846606045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine geochemical data assimilation in an efficient Earth system model of global biogeochemical cycling
    • Ridgwell A, Hargreaves JC, Edwards NR, Annan JD, Lenton TM, et al. 2007. Marine geochemical data assimilation in an efficient Earth system model of global biogeochemical cycling. Biogeosciences 4:87-104
    • (2007) Biogeosciences , vol.4 , pp. 87-104
    • Ridgwell, A.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2    Edwards, N.R.3    Annan, J.D.4    Lenton, T.M.5
  • 109
    • 2442426343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian-Mississippian black shales, central Appalachian basin (USA)
    • Rimmer SM. 2004. Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian-Mississippian black shales, central Appalachian basin (USA). Chem. Geol. 206:373-91
    • (2004) Chem. Geol , vol.206 , pp. 373-391
    • Rimmer, S.M.1
  • 110
    • 0025527316 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and geochemical characteristics of metal enrichment in the New Albany Shale (Devonian- Mississippian), Indiana
    • Ripley EM, Shaffer NR, Gilstrap MS. 1990. Distribution and geochemical characteristics of metal enrichment in the New Albany Shale (Devonian- Mississippian), Indiana. Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. 85:1790-807
    • (1990) Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol , vol.85 , pp. 1790-1807
    • Ripley, E.M.1    Shaffer, N.R.2    Gilstrap, M.S.3
  • 112
    • 0017455135 scopus 로고
    • Ignorance concerning episodes of ocean-wide stagnation
    • Ryan WBF, Cita MB. 1977. Ignorance concerning episodes of ocean-wide stagnation. Mar. Geol. 232:197-215
    • (1977) Mar. Geol , vol.232 , pp. 197-215
    • Ryan, W.B.F.1    Cita, M.B.2
  • 114
    • 0017021016 scopus 로고
    • Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: Causes and consequences
    • Schlanger SO, Jenkyns HC. 1976. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: causes and consequences. Geol. Mijnb. 55:179-84
    • (1976) Geol. Mijnb , vol.55 , pp. 179-184
    • Schlanger, S.O.1    Jenkyns, H.C.2
  • 115
    • 0034423218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an oceanic anoxic event on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Early Toarcian carbon
    • Schouten S, van Kaam-Peters HME, Rijpstra WIC, Schoell M, Damste JSS. 2000. Effects of an oceanic anoxic event on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Early Toarcian carbon. Am. J. Sci. 300:1-22
    • (2000) Am. J. Sci , vol.300 , pp. 1-22
    • Schouten, S.1    van Kaam-Peters, H.M.E.2    Rijpstra, W.I.C.3    Schoell, M.4    Damste, J.S.S.5
  • 116
    • 2442478524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical relationships of Late Paleozoic carbon-rich shales of the Midcontinent, USA: A compendium of results advocating changeable geochemical conditions
    • Schultz RB. 2004. Geochemical relationships of Late Paleozoic carbon-rich shales of the Midcontinent, USA: a compendium of results advocating changeable geochemical conditions. Chem. Geol. 206:347-72
    • (2004) Chem. Geol , vol.206 , pp. 347-372
    • Schultz, R.B.1
  • 117
    • 0034983332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Late Ordovician mass extinction
    • Sheehan PM. 2001. The Late Ordovician mass extinction. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sco. 29:331-64
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sco , vol.29 , pp. 331-364
    • Sheehan, P.M.1
  • 118
    • 0038172490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin
    • Shen Y, Knoll AH, Walter MR. 2003. Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin. Nature 423:632-35
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 632-635
    • Shen, Y.1    Knoll, A.H.2    Walter, M.R.3
  • 119
    • 0036017983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Proterozoic ocean chemistry: Evidence from the McArthur Basin, northern Australia
    • Shen YN, Canfield DE, Knoll AH. 2002. Middle Proterozoic ocean chemistry: evidence from the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. Am. J. Sci. 302:81-109
    • (2002) Am. J. Sci , vol.302 , pp. 81-109
    • Shen, Y.N.1    Canfield, D.E.2    Knoll, A.H.3
  • 120
    • 84942420602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological pump in the past
    • ed. H Elderfield, pp, Oxford: Elsevier Pergamon
    • Sigman DM, Haug GH. 2003. Biological pump in the past. In Treatise on Geochemistry, ed. H Elderfield, pp. 491-528. Oxford: Elsevier Pergamon
    • (2003) Treatise on Geochemistry , pp. 491-528
    • Sigman, D.M.1    Haug, G.H.2
  • 121
    • 45549119738 scopus 로고
    • Framvaren - environmental setting
    • SkeiJ. 1988. Framvaren - environmental setting. Mar. Chem. 23:209-18
    • (1988) Mar. Chem , vol.23 , pp. 209-218
    • SkeiJ1
  • 122
    • 0742270429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual fluctuations in sulfur isotope fractionation in the water column of a euxinic marine basin
    • Sorensen KB, Canfield DE. 2004. Annual fluctuations in sulfur isotope fractionation in the water column of a euxinic marine basin. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68:503-15
    • (2004) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.68 , pp. 503-515
    • Sorensen, K.B.1    Canfield, D.E.2
  • 123
    • 0000209247 scopus 로고
    • Ionian Sea sapropel distribution and late Quaternary paleoceanography in the eastern Mediterranean
    • Stanley DJ. 1978. Ionian Sea sapropel distribution and late Quaternary paleoceanography in the eastern Mediterranean. Nature 274:149-52
    • (1978) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 149-152
    • Stanley, D.J.1
  • 124
    • 45849150144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anoxia through time
    • ed. LN Neretin, pp, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer
    • Strauss H. 2006. Anoxia through time. In Past and Present Water Column Anoxia, ed. LN Neretin, pp. 3-19. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer
    • (2006) Past and Present Water Column Anoxia , pp. 3-19
    • Strauss, H.1
  • 125
    • 0025625261 scopus 로고
    • Geomicrobiology and sedimentology of the mixolimnion and chemocline in Fayetteville Green Lake, New York
    • Thompson JB, Ferris FG, Smith DA. 1990. Geomicrobiology and sedimentology of the mixolimnion and chemocline in Fayetteville Green Lake, New York. Palaios 5:52-75
    • (1990) Palaios , vol.5 , pp. 52-75
    • Thompson, J.B.1    Ferris, F.G.2    Smith, D.A.3
  • 126
    • 0037316509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal distribution of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland)
    • Tonolla M, Peduzzi S, Hahn D, Peduzzi R. 2003. Spatio-temporal distribution of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 43:89-98
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol. Ecol , vol.43 , pp. 89-98
    • Tonolla, M.1    Peduzzi, S.2    Hahn, D.3    Peduzzi, R.4
  • 127
    • 4744344101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia
    • Twitchett RJ, Krystyn L, Baud A, WheeleyJR, Richoz S. 2004. Rapid marine recovery after the end-Permian mass-extinction event in the absence of marine anoxia. Geology 32:805-8
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 805-808
    • Twitchett, R.J.1    Krystyn, L.2    Baud, A.3    Wheeley, J.R.4    Richoz, S.5
  • 128
    • 0029668170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity
    • Van Cappellen P, Ingall ED. 1996. Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity. Science 271:293-496
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 293-496
    • Van Cappellen, P.1    Ingall, E.D.2
  • 129
    • 0027868989 scopus 로고
    • Late Ordovician mass extinction in the Selwyn Basin, Northwestern Canada-geochemical, sedimentological, and paleontological evidence
    • Wang K, Chatterton BDE, Attrep M, Orth CJ. 1993. Late Ordovician mass extinction in the Selwyn Basin, Northwestern Canada-geochemical, sedimentological, and paleontological evidence. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30:1870-80
    • (1993) Can. J. Earth Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1870-1880
    • Wang, K.1    Chatterton, B.D.E.2    Attrep, M.3    Orth, C.J.4
  • 130
    • 0029753681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and sulfur isotope anomalies across the Frasnian-Famennian extinction boundary, Alberta, Canada
    • Wang K, Geldsetzer HHJ, Goodfellow WD, Krause HR. 1996. Carbon and sulfur isotope anomalies across the Frasnian-Famennian extinction boundary, Alberta, Canada. Geology 24:187-91
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 187-191
    • Wang, K.1    Geldsetzer, H.H.J.2    Goodfellow, W.D.3    Krause, H.R.4
  • 131
    • 0031470067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur geochemistry of Archean and Proterozoic shales from the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa
    • Watanabe K, Naraoka H, Wronkiewicz DJ, Condie KC, Ohmoto H. 1997. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur geochemistry of Archean and Proterozoic shales from the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61:3441-59
    • (1997) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.61 , pp. 3441-3459
    • Watanabe, K.1    Naraoka, H.2    Wronkiewicz, D.J.3    Condie, K.C.4    Ohmoto, H.5
  • 132
    • 1642523254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen sulphide eruptions in the Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa: Implications of a new view based on SeaWiFS satellite imagery
    • Weeks SJ, Currie B, Bakun A, Peard KR. 2004. Hydrogen sulphide eruptions in the Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa: implications of a new view based on SeaWiFS satellite imagery. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 51:153-72
    • (2004) Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap , vol.51 , pp. 153-172
    • Weeks, S.J.1    Currie, B.2    Bakun, A.3    Peard, K.R.4
  • 133
    • 0036017984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated assessment of a "type euxinic" deposit: Evidence for multiple controls on black shale deposition in the Middle Devonian Oatka Creek Formation
    • Werne JP, Sageman BB, Lyons TW, Hollander DJ. 2002. An integrated assessment of a "type euxinic" deposit: evidence for multiple controls on black shale deposition in the Middle Devonian Oatka Creek Formation. Am. J. Sci. 302:110-43
    • (2002) Am. J. Sci , vol.302 , pp. 110-143
    • Werne, J.P.1    Sageman, B.B.2    Lyons, T.W.3    Hollander, D.J.4
  • 134
    • 0026443909 scopus 로고
    • Anoxia as a cause of the Permian Triassic mass extinction - facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States
    • Wignall PB, Hallam A. 1992. Anoxia as a cause of the Permian Triassic mass extinction - facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 93:21-46
    • (1992) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.93 , pp. 21-46
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Hallam, A.2
  • 135
    • 0037541420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting deep-water records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: Evidence for a diachronous mass extinction
    • Wignall PB, Newton R. 2003. Contrasting deep-water records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: evidence for a diachronous mass extinction. Palaios 18:153-67
    • (2003) Palaios , vol.18 , pp. 153-167
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Newton, R.2
  • 136
    • 11844271552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrite framboid evidence for oxygen-poor deposition during the Permian-Triassic crisis in Kashmir
    • Wignall PB, Newton R, Brookfield ME. 2005. Pyrite framboid evidence for oxygen-poor deposition during the Permian-Triassic crisis in Kashmir. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 216:183-88
    • (2005) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.216 , pp. 183-188
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Newton, R.2    Brookfield, M.E.3
  • 137
    • 84871995176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event
    • ed. C Koeberl, KC MacLeod, pp, Boulder, CO: Geol. Soc. Am
    • Wignall PB, Twitchett RJ. 2002. Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. In Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond, ed. C Koeberl, KC MacLeod, pp. 395-413. Boulder, CO: Geol. Soc. Am.
    • (2002) Catastrophic Events and Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond , pp. 395-413
    • Wignall, P.B.1    Twitchett, R.J.2
  • 138
    • 0021565626 scopus 로고
    • Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine extinction events
    • Wilde P, Berry WBN. 1984. Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine extinction events. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 48:143-62
    • (1984) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol , vol.48 , pp. 143-162
    • Wilde, P.1    Berry, W.B.N.2
  • 139
    • 0030499729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments: An indicator of redox conditions
    • Wilkin RT, Barnes HL, Brantley SL. 1996. The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments: an indicator of redox conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60:3897-912
    • (1996) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.60 , pp. 3897-3912
    • Wilkin, R.T.1    Barnes, H.L.2    Brantley, S.L.3
  • 140
    • 0002980546 scopus 로고
    • Genesis and evolution of water masses
    • Worthington LV. 1968. Genesis and evolution of water masses. Meteorol. Monogr. 8:63-67
    • (1968) Meteorol. Monogr , vol.8 , pp. 63-67
    • Worthington, L.V.1
  • 142
    • 0031395813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the production, elemental composition (C, N, P) and distribution of photosynthetic organic matter in the Southern Black Sea
    • Yilmaz A, Tugrul S, Polat C, Ediger D, Coban Y, Morkoc E. 1998. On the production, elemental composition (C, N, P) and distribution of photosynthetic organic matter in the Southern Black Sea. Hydrobiologia 363:141-56
    • (1998) Hydrobiologia , vol.363 , pp. 141-156
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Tugrul, S.2    Polat, C.3    Ediger, D.4    Coban, Y.5    Morkoc, E.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.