Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles

Nature

Volumn 437, Issue 7057, 2005, Pages 349-355

  Arrigo, Kevin R ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); ECOSYSTEMS; MICROORGANISMS; NUTRITION; OCEANOGRAPHY; RESERVOIRS (WATER);

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; BIOTIC RESERVOIRS; GLOBAL NUTRIENT CYCLES; MARINE MICROORGANISMS;

OCEAN HABITATS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN; SEA WATER;

GLOBAL OCEAN; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NUTRIENT CYCLING;

ATMOSPHERE; LAND BIOME; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MICROBIAL GROWTH; MICROFLORA; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT CYCLE; OCEAN ENVIRONMENT; OCEANOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYNECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; NITROGEN FIXATION; PHYTOPLANKTON;

ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN FIXATION; OXYGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEAWATER; WATER MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 25144475996     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature04159     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Redfield, A. C. in James Johnstone Memorial Volume (ed. Daniel, R. J.) 176-192 (Liverpool Univ. Press, Liverpool, 1934).
2. Fanning, K. A. Influence of atmospheric pollution on nutrient limitation in the ocean. Nature 339, 460-463 (1989).
3. Kuypers, M. M. M. et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea. Nature 422, 608-611 (2003).
4. Gruber, N. & Sarmiento, J. L. Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 235-266 (1997).
5. Quigg, A. et al. The evolutionary inheritance of elemental stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton. Nature 425, 291-294 (2003).
6. Sterner, R. W. & Elser, J. J. Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 2002).
7. Klausmeier, C. A., Litchman, E. & Levin, S. A. Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometry under multiple nutrient limitation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 1463-1470 (2004).
8. Falkowski, P. G. Rationalizing elemental ratios is unicellular algae. J. Phycol. 16, 3-6 (2000).
9. Geider, R. J. & La Roche, J. Redfield revisited: variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis. Eur. J. Phycol. 37, 1-17 (2002).
10. Klausmeier, C. A., Litchman, E., Daufresne, T & Levin, S. A. Optimal nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry of phytoplankton. Nature 429, 171-174 (2004).
11. LaRoche, J. & Breitbarth, E. Importance of diazotrophs as a source of new nitrogen in the ocean. J. Sea Res. 53, 67-91 (2005).
12. Dong, Z., Wang, X. & Liu, L. Wind erosion in semiarid China: An overview. J. Soil Water Conserv. 55, 439-444 (2000).
13. Pahlow, M. & and Riebesell, U. Temporal trends in deep ocean Redfield ratios. Science 287, 831-833 (2000).
14. Sarmiento, J. L., Hughes, T. M. C., Stouffer, R. J., Manabe, S. Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming. Nature 393, 245-249 (1998).
15. 2 in the Southern Ocean. Science 283, 365-367 (1999).
16. Smetacek, V. A watery arms race. Nature 411, 745-745 (2001).
17. Gordon, L. I. et al. Seasonal evolution of hydrographic properties in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, 1996-1997. Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 3095-3117 (2000).
18. Sarmiento, J. L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M. A. & Dunne, J. P. High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427, 56-60 (2004).
19. Beman, M., Arrigo, K. R. & Matson, P. A. Agricultural runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of the ocean. Nature 434, 211-214 (2005).
20. Von Liebig, J. Chemistry and its Application to Agriculture and Physiology (Taylor and Walton, London, 1840).
21. Bryant, D. A. The beauty in small things revealed. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9647-9649 (2003).
22. Seppala, J., Tamminen, T., & Kaitala, S. Experimental evaluation of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities in the Gulf of Riga. J. Mar. Syst. 23, 107-126 (1999).
23. Yin, K., Qian, P.-Y., Chen, J. C., Hsieh, D. P. H. & Harrison, P. J. Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent waters of Hong Kong during summer: Preliminary evidence for phosphorus and silicon limitation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 194, 295-305 (2000).
24. Mills, M. M., Ridame, C., Davies, M., La Roche, J. & Geider, R. J. Co-limitation of nitrogen fixation by iron and phosphorus in the Eastern North Atlantic. Nature 429, 292-294 (2004).
25. Sunda, W. G. & Huntsman, S. A. Interrelated influence of iron, light and cell size on marine phytoplankton growth. Nature 390, 389-392 (1997).
26. Maldonado, M. T., Boyd, P. W., Harrison, P. J. & Price, N. M. Co-limitation of phytoplankton growth by light and Fe during winter in the NE subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2475-2485 (1999).
27. Timmermans, K. R. et al. Co-limitation by iron and light of Chaetoceros brevis, C. dichaeta and C. calcitrans (Bacillariophyceae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 217, 287-297 (2001).
28. Shaked, Y., Xu, Y, Leblanc, K. & Morel, F. M. M. Zinc availability and alkaline phosphatase activity in Emiliania huxleyi: Implications for Zn-P co-limitation in the ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. (in the press).
29. Dyhrman, S. T. & Palenik, B. Characterization of ectoenzyme activity and phosphate-regulated proteins in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. J. Plank. Res. 25, 1215-1225 (2003).
30. Suzumura, M. & Ingall, E. D. Distribution and dynamics of various forms of phosphorus in seawater: Insights from field observations in the Pacific Ocean and a laboratory experiment. Deep-Sea Res. I 51, 1113-1130 (2004).
31. Karl, D. et al. The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 388, 533-538 (1997).
32. Wu, J. F., Sunda, W., Boyle, E. A., & Karl, D. M. Phosphate depletion in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Science 289, 759-762 (2000).
33. Niemi, A. Blue-green algal blooms and N:P ratios in the Baltic Sea. Acta Bot. Fenn. 110, 57-61 (1979).
34. Capone, D. G. et al. Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp.: An important source of new nitrogen to the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB2024, 10.1029/2004GB002331 (2005).
35. Michaels, A. F., Bates, N. R., Buesseler, K. O., Carlson, C. A. & Knap, A. H. Carbon-cycle imbalances in the Sargasso Sea. Nature 372, 537-540 (1994).
36. Capone, D. G. & Carpenter, E. J. Nitrogen fixation in the marine environment. Science 217, 1140-1142 (1982).
37. Lipschultz, F. & Owens, N. J. P. An assessment of nitrogen fixation as a source of nitrogen to the North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry 35, 261-274 (1996).
38. Galloway, J. N., Schlesinger, W.H., Levy, H., Michaels, A. & Schnoor, J. L. Nitrogen fixation: Anthropogenic enhancement - environmental response. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9, 235-252 (1995).
39. Capone, D. G., Zehr, J. P., Paerl, H. W., Bergman, B. & Carpenter, E. J. Trichodesmium, a globally significant marine cyanobacterium. Science 276, 1221-1229 (1997).
40. Ganeshram, R. S., Pedersen, T. F., Calvert, S. E. & Francois, R. Reduced nitrogen fixation in the glacial ocean inferred from changes in marine nitrogen and phosphorus inventories. Nature 415, 156-159 (2002).
41. Karl, D. et al. Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans. Biogeochemistry 57, 47-98 (2002).
42. Michaels, A., Karl, D. & Capone, D. Element stoichiometry, new production and nitrogen fixation. Oceanography 14, 68-77 (2001).
43. Tyrrell, T. The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production. Nature 400, 525-538 (1999).
44. Raven, J. A. The iron and molybdenum use efficiencies of plant growth with different energy, carbon and nitrogen sources. New Phytol. 109, 279-287 (1988).
45. 2 in the ocean. Nature 387, 272-275 (1997).
46. Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. et al. Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean. Nature 411, 66-69 (2001).
47. Flynn, K. J. & Hipkin, C. R. Interactions between iron, light, ammonium, and nitrate: Insights from the construction of a dynamic model of algal physiology. J. Phycol. 35, 1171-1190 (1999).
48. Voss, M. Croot, P., Lochte, K., Mills, M. & Peeken, I. Patterns of nitrogen fixation along 10°N in the tropical Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L23S09 (2004).
49. Shriadah, M. A., Okbah, M. A., & El-Deek, M. S. Trace metals in the water columns of the red sea and the gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 153, 115-124 (2004).
50. Carpenter, E. J., Subramaniam, A. & Capone, D. G. Biomass and primary productivity of the cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium spp., in the southwestern tropical N. Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. I 51, 173-203 (2004).
51. Venrick, E. L. The distribution and significance of Richelia intracellularis Schmidt in the North Pacific central gyre. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19, 437-444 (1974).
52. 2 fixing symbiotic association in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 188, 273-283 (1999).
53. 2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 412, 635-638 (2001).
54. Zehr, J. P. & Ward, B. B. Nitrogen cycling in the ocean: New perspectives on processes and paradigms. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 68, 1015-1024 (2002).
55. Church, M. J., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M. & Zehr, J. P. Vertical distributions of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 38, 3-14 (2005).
56. 2 fixation by unicellular diazotrophs in the oligotrophic Pacific Ocean. Nature 430, 1027-1031 (2004).
57. Hansell, D. A., Bates, N. R. & Olson, D. B. Excess nitrate and nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem. 84, 243-265 (2004).
58. Dore, J. E., Brum, J. R., Tupas, L. M. & Karl, D. M. Seasonal and interannual variability in sources of nitrogen supporting export in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1595-1607 (2002).
59. Codispoti, L. A. et al. The oceanic fixed nitrogen and nitrous oxide budgets: Moving targets as we enter the anthropocene? Scientia Marina 65 (Suppl. 2), 85-105 (2001).
60. Richards, F. A. in Chemical Oceanography (eds Ripley, J. P. & Skirrow, G.) 611-645 (Academic, London, 1965).
61. Mulder A., van de Graaf, A. A., Robertson, L. A. & Kuenen, J. G. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 16, 177-184 (1995).
62. Van de Graaf, A. A. et al. Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium is a biologically mediated process. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1246-1251 (1995).
63. 2 through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 1312-1318 (2002).
64. Strous, M. et al. Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete. Nature 400, 446-449 (1999).
65. 2 production in the anoxic water column of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Nature 422, 606-608 (2003).
66. Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. et. al. Linearly concatenated cyclobutane (ladderane) lipids from a dense bacterial membrane. Nature 419, 708-712 (2002).
67. Schmid, M. et al. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23, 93-106 (2000).
68. 2 production in Arctic sea ice. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 86-94 (2004).
69. Kuypers, M. M. M. et al. Massive nitrogen loss from the Benguela upwelling system through anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 6478-6483 (2005).
70. Carr, M. E. Estimation of potential productivity in Eastern Boundary Currents using remote sensing. Deep-Sea Res. II 49,9-80 (2002).
71. Tyrrell, T. & Lucas, M. I. Geochemical evidence of denitrification in the Benguela upwelling system. Cont. Shelf Res. 22, 2497-2511 (2002).
72. Devol A. H. Solution to a marine mystery. Nature 422, 575-576 (2003).
73. Service, R. F. Oceanography - New dead zone off Oregon coast hints at sea change in currents. Science 305, 1099 (2004).
74. Mohan, S. B., Schmid, M., Jetten, M. & Cole, J. Detection and widespread distribution of the nrfA gene encoding nitrite reduction to ammonia, a short circuit in the biological nitrogen cycle that competes with denitrification. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 49, 433-443 (2004).