Climate simulation of the latest Permian: Implications for mass extinction

Geology

Volumn 33, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 757-760

  Kiehl, Jeffrey T ^a   Shields, Christine A ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Anoxia; Mass extinctions; Ocean circulation; Permian Triassic boundary

Indexed keywords

ANOXIA; CLIMATE SIMULATION; MASS EXTINCTIONS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE SYSTEMS; GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; MASS EXTINCTION; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EARTH (PLANET); MATHEMATICAL MODELS; GEOLOGY; GLOBAL WARMING; OCEANOGRAPHY;

CLIMATOLOGY; CLIMATE MODELS;

MASS EXTINCTION; PALEOCLIMATE; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; AIR TEMPERATURE; ANOXIC CONDITIONS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODELING; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; TIMESCALE;

EID: 24644496730     PISSN: 00917613     EISSN: 00917613     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/G21654.1     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Benton, M.J., and Twitchett, R.J., 2003, How to kill (almost) all life: The end-Permian extinction event: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 18, p. 358-365.
2. Berner, R.A., 1999, Atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time: National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, v. 96, p. 10,955-10,957.
3. Berner, R.A., 2002, Examination of hypotheses for the Permo-Triassic boundary extinction by carbon cycle modeling: National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, v. 99, p. 4172-4177.
4. Campbell, I.H., Czamanske, G.K., Fedorenko, V.A., Hill, R.I., and Stepanov, V., 1992, Synchronism of the Siberian Traps and the Permian-Triassic boundary: Science, v. 258, p. 1760-1763.
5. Chumakov, N.M., and Zharkov, M.A., 2003, Climate during the Permian-Triassic biosphere reorganizations. Article 2. Climate of the Late Permian and Early Triassic: General inferences: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, v. 11, p. 361-375.
6. Erwin, D.H., 1993, The great Paleozoic crisis, life and death in the Permian: New York, Columbia University Press, 327 p.
7. Erwin, D.H., Bowring, S.A., and Yugan, J., 2002, End-Permian mass extinctions: A review, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.G., eds., Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond: Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 363-383.
8. Grice, K., Cao, C., Love, G.D., Böttcher, M.E., Twitchett, R.J., Grosjean, E., Summons, R.E., Turgeon, S.C., Dunning, W, and Jin, Y., 2005, Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event: Science, v. 307, p. 709.
9. Hallam, A., and Wignall, P.B., 1997, Mass extinctions and their aftermath: Oxford, Oxford University Press, 320 p.
10. Holser, W.T., Schönlaub, H.-P., Attrep, M., Jr., Boeckelmann, K., Klein, P, Magaritz, M., Orth, C.J., Fenninger, A., Jenny, C., Kralik, M., Mauritsch, H., Pak, E., Schramm, J.-M., Stattegger, K., and Schmöller, R., 1989, A unique geochemical record at the Permian/ Triassic boundary: Nature, v. 337, p. 39-44.
11. Hotinski, R.M., Bice, K.L., Kump, L.R., Najar, R.G., and Arthur, M.A., 2001, Ocean stagnation and end-Permian anoxia: Geology, v. 29, p. 7-10.
12. Isozaki, Y., 1997, Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: Records from lost deep sea: Science, v. 276, p. 235-238.
13. Kidder, D.L., and Worsley, T.R., 2004, Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 203, p. 207-237.
14. Kutzback, J.E., and Ziegler, A.M., 1993, Simulation of Late Permian climate and biomes with an atmosphere-ocean model: Comparisons with observations: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, Ser. B, v. 341, p. 327-340.
15. Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Brady, E.C., and Shields, C., 2002, Late Cretaceous ocean: Coupled simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research climate system model: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000821.
16. Rees, P.M., Gibbs, M.T., Ziegler, A.M., Kutzbach, J.E., and Behling, P.J., 1999, Permian climates: Evaluating model predictions using global paleobotanical data: Geology, v. 27, p. 891-894.
17. Renne, P.R., Zichao, Z., Richards, M.A., Black, M.T., and Basu, A.R., 1995, Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism: Science, v. 269, p. 1413-1416.
18. Retallack, G.J., 1995, Permian-Triassic life crisis on land: Science, v. 267, p. 77-80.
19. Retallack, G.J., Smith, R.M.H., and Ward, P.D., 2003, Vertebrate extinction across Permian-Triassic boundary in Karoo Basin, South Africa: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 1133-1152.
20. Ryskin, G., 2003, Methane-driven oceanic eruptions and mass extinctions: Geology, v. 31, p. 741-744.
21. Smith, R.S., and Dubois, C., 2004, Ocean circulation and climate in an idealized Pangean OAGCM: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 31, L18207, doi:10.1029/2004GL020643.
22. Taylor, E.L., Taylor, T.N., and Cúneo, N.R., 1992, The present is not the key to the past: A polar forest from the Permian of Antarctica: Science, v. 257, p. 1675-1677.
23. 13C evidence from British Columbia, Canada: Geology, v. 22, p. 580-584.
24. Ward, P.D., Botha, J., Buick, R., De Kock, M.O., Erwin, D.H., Garrison, G., Kirschvink, J.L., and Smith, R., 2005, Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa: Science, v. 307, p. 709-714.
25. Wignall, RB., and Twitchett, R.J., 1996, Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction: Science, v. 272, p. 1155-1158.
26. Winguth, A.M.E., Heinze, C., Kutzbach, J.E., Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U., Rowley, D., Rees, A., and Ziegler, A.M., 2002, Simulated warm polar currents during the middle Permian: Paleoceanography, v. 17, 1057, doi: 10.1029/2001PA000646.
27. Zhang, R., Follows, M.J., Grotzinger, J.P., and Marshall, J., 2001, Could the Late Permian deep ocean have been anoxic: Paleoceanography, v. 16, p. 317-329.