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Volumn 271, Issue 5248, 1996, Pages 493-496

Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorus-limited marine productivity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FERRIC ION; FERROUS ION; OXYGEN; PHOSPHORUS;

EID: 0029668170     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5248.493     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (331)

References (32)
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    • E. D. Ingall, R. M. Bustin, P. Van Cappellen, Geochim Cosmochim. Acta 57, 303 (1993); E. Ingall and R Jahnke, ibid. 58, 2571 (1994), Mar Geol, in press. In modern depositional environments, benthic chamber flux experiments combined with measured burial rates provide direct evidence for decreased burial efficiencies ot phosphorus when bottom waters are low in oxygen. This is consistent with data from ancient sediments, in which the organic matter preserved in finely laminated shales is found to be strongly depleted in phosphorus relative to that in bioturbated shales of the same sequences.
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    • R. Raiswell, unpublished data. The reactive fraction of sedimentary iron is on the order of 20 to 25% in most modern marine depositional environments. Values of up to 70 to 80% are found in certain euxinic environments. On a global basis, sulfide-bound Fe(II) represents 56% of the reactive iron in marine sediments (range. 12 to 85%).
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    • note
    • Data from both modern and ancient marine sediments indicate that the atomic C:P ratios of organic matter buried under completely anoxic bottom waters are at least on the order of 500 to 1000 (9). Here we use a value of 4000, which is the average value for organe matter in laminated Phanerozoic black shales that have not undergone significant late diagenetic alteration We have also shown that ocean productivity is not very sensitive to variations in the anoxic end-member C P ratio, once the latter exceeds 1000 (10)
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    • note
    • 2 from the atmosphere For phosphorus, however, there is a lag between terrestrial exposure and delivery to the oceans. Such a lag is not unreasonable, especially in view of the poor correlation between marine phosphorus burial and crustal uplift reported for the past 32 My (8)
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    • note
    • 2 proposed here. Quantitatively, however, burial of organic P is the more important process.
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    • note
    • Supported by the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society (28069-AC2 to P.V.C.), and by NSF (OCE94-15563 to E.I.). We thank R Raiswell for sharing his unpublished results.


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