메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 725-736

Antiprion immunotherapy: To suppress or to stimulate?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR5; HYBRID PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT; IMMUNOSTIMULATING AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LYMPHOTOXIN BETA; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; PRION PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1; VACCINE;

EID: 4544224048     PISSN: 14741733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nri1437     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (63)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 0242300624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Games played by rogue proteins in prion disorders and Alzheimer's disease
    • Aguzzi, A. & Haass, C. Games played by rogue proteins in prion disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Science 302, 814-818 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 814-818
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Haass, C.2
  • 3
    • 0023669586 scopus 로고
    • A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle
    • Wells, G. A. et al. A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Vet. Rec. 121, 419-420 (1987).
    • (1987) Vet. Rec. , vol.121 , pp. 419-420
    • Wells, G.A.1
  • 4
    • 0030856847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and early onset variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Weissmann, C. & Aguzzi, A. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and early onset variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7, 695-700 (1997).
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.7 , pp. 695-700
    • Weissmann, C.1    Aguzzi, A.2
  • 5
    • 0033629344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of transmissible degenerative encephalopathy agents: A review
    • Taylor, D. M. Inactivation of transmissible degenerative encephalopathy agents: a review. Vet. J. 159, 10-17 (2000).
    • (2000) Vet. J. , vol.159 , pp. 10-17
    • Taylor, D.M.1
  • 6
    • 0030903469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuro-immune connection in spread of prions in the body?
    • Aguzzi, A. Neuro-immune connection in spread of prions in the body? Lancet 349, 742-743 (1997).
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 742-743
    • Aguzzi, A.1
  • 7
    • 0035899460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A route for prion neuroinvasion
    • Nicotera, P. A route for prion neuroinvasion. Neuron 31, 345-348 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.31 , pp. 345-348
    • Nicotera, P.1
  • 9
    • 0023663071 scopus 로고
    • Scrapie prion protein contains a phosphatidylinositol glycolipid
    • Stahl, N., Borchett, D. R., Hsiao, K. & Prusiner, S. B. Scrapie prion protein contains a phosphatidylinositol glycolipid. Cell 51, 229-240 (1987).
    • (1987) Cell , vol.51 , pp. 229-240
    • Stahl, N.1    Borchett, D.R.2    Hsiao, K.3    Prusiner, S.B.4
  • 10
    • 0034904789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular prion protein status in sheep: Tissue-specific biochemical signatures
    • Moudjou, M., Frobert, Y., Grassi, J. & La Bonnardiere, C. Cellular prion protein status in sheep: tissue-specific biochemical signatures. J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2017-2024 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 2017-2024
    • Moudjou, M.1    Frobert, Y.2    Grassi, J.3    La Bonnardiere, C.4
  • 11
    • 0037242707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic activation and developmental expression of the murine prion protein gene
    • Miele, G. et al. Embryonic activation and developmental expression of the murine prion protein gene. Gene Expr. 11, 1-12 (2003).
    • (2003) Gene Expr. , vol.11 , pp. 1-12
    • Miele, G.1
  • 12
    • 0026600865 scopus 로고
    • Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein
    • Büeler, H. R. et al. Normal development and behaviour of mice lacking the neuronal cell-surface PrP protein. Nature 356, 577-582 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 577-582
    • Büeler, H.R.1
  • 13
    • 0027997387 scopus 로고
    • Prion protein is necessary for normal synaptic function
    • Collinge, J. et al. Prion protein is necessary for normal synaptic function. Nature 370, 295-297 (1994).
    • (1994) Nature , vol.370 , pp. 295-297
    • Collinge, J.1
  • 14
    • 15844421385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered arcadian activity rhythms and sleep in mice devoid of prion protein
    • Tobler, I. et al. Altered arcadian activity rhythms and sleep in mice devoid of prion protein. Nature 380, 639-642 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 639-642
    • Tobler, I.1
  • 15
    • 0032562558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion protein structural features indicate possible relations to signal peptidases
    • Glockshuber, R. et al. Prion protein structural features indicate possible relations to signal peptidases. FEBS Lett. 426, 291-296 (1998).
    • (1998) FEBS Lett. , vol.426 , pp. 291-296
    • Glockshuber, R.1
  • 16
    • 0031194455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion protein-deficient cells show altered response to oxidative stress due to decreased SOD-1 activity
    • Brown, D. R., Schulz-Schaeffer, W. J., Schmidt, B. & Kretzschmar, H. A. Prion protein-deficient cells show altered response to oxidative stress due to decreased SOD-1 activity. Exp. Neurol. 146, 104-112 (1997).
    • (1997) Exp. Neurol. , vol.146 , pp. 104-112
    • Brown, D.R.1    Schulz-Schaeffer, W.J.2    Schmidt, B.3    Kretzschmar, H.A.4
  • 17
    • 0033571055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal prion protein has an activity like that of superoxide dismutase
    • Brown, D. R. et al. Normal prion protein has an activity like that of superoxide dismutase. Biochem. J. 344, 1-5 (1999).
    • (1999) Biochem. J. , vol.344 , pp. 1-5
    • Brown, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 0041664024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of Superoxide dismutase actuation by N-terminally truncated prion protein (PrP) in PrP-deficient neuronal cell line
    • Sakudo, A. et al. Impairment of Superoxide dismutase actuation by N-terminally truncated prion protein (PrP) in PrP-deficient neuronal cell line. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308, 660-667 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.308 , pp. 660-667
    • Sakudo, A.1
  • 19
    • 0034678023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain copper content and cuproenzyme activity do not vary with prion protein expression level
    • Waggoner, D. J. et al. Brain copper content and cuproenzyme activity do not vary with prion protein expression level. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 7455-7458 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 7455-7458
    • Waggoner, D.J.1
  • 20
    • 0141717118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No Superoxide dismutase activity of cellular prion protein in vivo
    • Hutter, G., Heppner, F. L. & Aguzzi, A. No Superoxide dismutase activity of cellular prion protein in vivo. Biol. Chem. 384, 1279-1285 (2003).
    • (2003) Biol. Chem. , vol.384 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Hutter, G.1    Heppner, F.L.2    Aguzzi, A.3
  • 21
    • 0020321767 scopus 로고
    • Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie
    • Prusiner, S. B. Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. Science 216, 136-144 (1982). Classic enunciation of the protein-only hypothesis of prion disease by Stanley Prusiner.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 136-144
    • Prusiner, S.B.1
  • 22
    • 0031720905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sc molecules with different conformations
    • Sc molecules with different conformations Nature Med. 4, 1157-1165 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Med. , vol.4 , pp. 1157-1165
    • Safar, J.1
  • 23
    • 0038668790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion diseases: Cannibals and garbage piles
    • Aguzzi, A. & Heikenwalder, M. Prion diseases: cannibals and garbage piles. Nature 423, 127-129 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 127-129
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Heikenwalder, M.2
  • 24
    • 0021884354 scopus 로고
    • Identification of scrapie prion protein-specific mRNA in scrapie-infected and uninfected brain
    • c.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.315 , pp. 331-333
    • Chesebro, B.1
  • 25
    • 0026423852 scopus 로고
    • Spongrform encephalopathies. The prion's progress
    • Weissmann, C. Spongrform encephalopathies. The prion's progress. Natures 349, 569-571 (1991).
    • (1991) Natures , vol.349 , pp. 569-571
    • Weissmann, C.1
  • 26
    • 0028882424 scopus 로고
    • Prion propagation in mice expressing human and chimeric PrP transgenes implicates the interaction of cellular PrP with another protein
    • Telling, G. C. et al. Prion propagation in mice expressing human and chimeric PrP transgenes implicates the interaction of cellular PrP with another protein. Cell 83, 79-90 (1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 79-90
    • Telling, G.C.1
  • 27
    • 0025800143 scopus 로고
    • A 'unified theory' of prion propagation
    • Weissmann, C. A 'unified theory' of prion propagation. Nature 352, 679-683 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 679-683
    • Weissmann, C.1
  • 28
    • 0142184333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA molecules stimulate prion protein conversion
    • Deleault N. R., Lucassen, R. W. & Supattapone, S. RNA molecules stimulate prion protein conversion. Nature 425, 717-720 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 717-720
    • Deleault, N.R.1    Lucassen, R.W.2    Supattapone, S.3
  • 29
    • 0030786717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion research: The next frontiers
    • Aguzzi, A. & Weissmann, C. Prion research: the next frontiers. Nature 389, 795-798 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 795-798
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Weissmann, C.2
  • 30
    • 0037418828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sc in vivo and antagonizes prion disease
    • Sc in vivo and antagonizes prion disease. Cell 113, 49-60 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell , vol.113 , pp. 49-60
    • Meier, P.1
  • 31
    • 0842281643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian prion biology. One century of evolving concepts
    • Aguzzi, A. & Polymenuou, M. Mammalian prion biology. One century of evolving concepts. Cell 116, 313-327 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 313-327
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Polymenuou, M.2
  • 32
    • 0021023167 scopus 로고
    • Aprotease-resistant protein is a structural component of the scrapie prion
    • McKinley, M. P., Bolton, D, C. & Prusiner, S. B. Aprotease-resistant protein is a structural component of the scrapie prion. Cell 35, 57-62 (1983).
    • (1983) Cell , vol.35 , pp. 57-62
    • McKinley, M.P.1    Bolton, D.C.2    Prusiner, S.B.3
  • 33
    • 0242668337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis
    • Kayed, R. et al. Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 486-489
    • Kayed, R.1
  • 34
    • 0030684056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-specific expression of hamster prion protein (PrP) renders PrP knockout mice susceptible to hamster scrapie
    • Raeber, A. J. et al. Astrocyte-specific expression of hamster prion protein (PrP) renders PrP knockout mice susceptible to hamster scrapie. EMBO J. 16, 6057-6065 (1997).
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 6057-6065
    • Raeber, A.J.1
  • 35
    • 0242363656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depleting neuronal PrP in prion infection prevents disease and reverses spongiosis
    • Mallucci, G. et al. Depleting neuronal PrP in prion infection prevents disease and reverses spongiosis. Science 302, 871-874 (2003). Shows that depletion of PrP from the neurons of transgenlc mice prevents the development of prion disease in infected mice.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 871-874
    • Mallucci, G.1
  • 36
    • 0022476747 scopus 로고
    • Scrapie and cellular PrP isoforms are encoded by the same chromosomal gene
    • Basler, K. et al. Scrapie and cellular PrP isoforms are encoded by the same chromosomal gene. Cell 46, 417-428 (1986).
    • (1986) Cell , vol.46 , pp. 417-428
    • Basler, K.1
  • 37
    • 0027319326 scopus 로고
    • Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie
    • Büeler, H. R. et al. Mice devoid of PrP are resistant to scrapie. Cell 73, 1339-1347 (1993). Shows that PrP is required for susceptibility to prion infections. An important milestone in prion research.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 1339-1347
    • Büeler, H.R.1
  • 38
    • 0030054010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal host prion protein necessary for scrapie-induced neurotoxicity
    • Brandner, S. et al. Normal host prion protein necessary for scrapie-induced neurotoxicity. Nature 379, 339-343 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 339-343
    • Brandner, S.1
  • 39
    • 0028535880 scopus 로고
    • Sc levels but delayed onset of disease in scrapie-inoculated mice heterozygous for a disrupted PrP gene
    • Sc levels but delayed onset of disease in scrapie-inoculated mice heterozygous for a disrupted PrP gene. Mol. Med. 1, 19-30 (1994).
    • (1994) Mol. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 19-30
    • Büeler, H.1
  • 40
    • 0028703452 scopus 로고
    • PrP gene dosage determines the timing but not the final intensity or distribution of lesions in scrapie pathology
    • Manson, J. C., Clarke, A. R., McBride, P. A., McConnell, I. & Hope, J. PrP gene dosage determines the timing but not the final intensity or distribution of lesions in scrapie pathology. Neurodegeneration 3, 331-340 (1994).
    • (1994) Neurodegeneration , vol.3 , pp. 331-340
    • Manson, J.C.1    Clarke, A.R.2    McBride, P.A.3    McConnell, I.4    Hope, J.5
  • 41
    • 12144289549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Hilton, D. A. et al. Specificity of lymphoreticular accumulation of prion protein for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J. Clin. Pathol. 57, 300-302 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.57 , pp. 300-302
    • Hilton, D.A.1
  • 42
    • 0036169781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and accumulation of PrP in gut-associated and peripheral lymphoid tissue of scrapie-affected Suffolk sheep
    • Heggebo, R., Press, C. M., Gunnes, G., Gonzalez, L. & Jeffrey, M. Distribution and accumulation of PrP in gut-associated and peripheral lymphoid tissue of scrapie-affected Suffolk sheep. J. Gen. Virol. 83, 479-489 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 479-489
    • Heggebo, R.1    Press, C.M.2    Gunnes, G.3    Gonzalez, L.4    Jeffrey, M.5
  • 43
    • 28444460466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and sub-cellular localisation of PrP in the lymphoreticular system of mice and sheep
    • Jeffrey, M., McGovern, G., Martin, S., Goodsir, C. M. & Brown, K. L. Cellular and sub-cellular localisation of PrP in the lymphoreticular system of mice and sheep. Arch. Virol. Suppl. 16, 23-38 (2000).
    • (2000) Arch. Virol. Suppl. , vol.16 , pp. 23-38
    • Jeffrey, M.1    McGovern, G.2    Martin, S.3    Goodsir, C.M.4    Brown, K.L.5
  • 44
    • 0032883356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • res in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus)
    • res in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus). J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2757-2764 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 2757-2764
    • Sigurdson, C.J.1
  • 45
    • 0037471890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of disease-specific PrP in the distal ileum of cattle exposed orally to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
    • Terry, L. A. et al. Detection of disease-specific PrP in the distal ileum of cattle exposed orally to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Vet. Rec. 152, 387-392 (2003).
    • (2003) Vet. Rec. , vol.152 , pp. 387-392
    • Terry, L.A.1
  • 46
    • 0032583714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): An update
    • Wells, G. A. et al. Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update. Vet. Rec. 142, 103-106 (1998).
    • (1998) Vet. Rec. , vol.142 , pp. 103-106
    • Wells, G.A.1
  • 47
    • 0242361687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraneural pathologic prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Glatzel, M., Abela, E., Maissen, M. & Aguzzi, A. Extraneural pathologic prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1812-1820 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , pp. 1812-1820
    • Glatzel, M.1    Abela, E.2    Maissen, M.3    Aguzzi, A.4
  • 48
    • 0036246734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Zealand sheep with scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes succumb to experimental challenge with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1)
    • Houston, E. F., Halliday, S. I., Jeffrey, M., Goldmann, W. & Hunter, N. New Zealand sheep with scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes succumb to experimental challenge with a sheep-passaged scrapie isolate (SSBP/1). J. Gen. Virol. 83, 1247-1250 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Houston, E.F.1    Halliday, S.I.2    Jeffrey, M.3    Goldmann, W.4    Hunter, N.5
  • 49
    • 0014930050 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of scrapie in the mouse: The role of the spleen
    • Fraser, H. & Dickinson, A. G. Pathogenesis of scrapie in the mouse: the role of the spleen. Nature 226, 462-163 (1970). Shows that PrP accumulates in lymphoid organs in the mouse model of scrapie.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 462-163
    • Fraser, H.1    Dickinson, A.G.2
  • 50
    • 0035783509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of prion diseases: Possible implications of microglial cells
    • Heppner, F. L., Prinz, M. & Aguzzi, A. Pathogenesis of prion diseases: possible implications of microglial cells. Prog. Brain Res. 132, 737-750 (2001).
    • (2001) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.132 , pp. 737-750
    • Heppner, F.L.1    Prinz, M.2    Aguzzi, A.3
  • 51
    • 0029784248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an early inflammatory response in the central nervous system of mice with scrapie
    • Betmouni, S., Perry, V. H. & Gordon, J. L. Evidence for an early inflammatory response in the central nervous system of mice with scrapie. Neuroscience 74, 1-5 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.74 , pp. 1-5
    • Betmouni, S.1    Perry, V.H.2    Gordon, J.L.3
  • 52
    • 0036267207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical inflammation in the central nervous system in prion disease
    • Perry, V. H., Cunningham, C. & Boche, D. Atypical inflammation in the central nervous system in prion disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 15, 349-354 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.15 , pp. 349-354
    • Perry, V.H.1    Cunningham, C.2    Boche, D.3
  • 53
    • 0031444295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A crucial role for B cells in neuroinvasive scrapie
    • Klein, M. A. et al. A crucial role for B cells in neuroinvasive scrapie. Nature 390, 687-690 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 687-690
    • Klein, M.A.1
  • 54
    • 0035047889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement facilitates early prion pathogenesis
    • Klein, M. A. et al. Complement facilitates early prion pathogenesis. Nature Med. 7, 488-492 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Med. , vol.7 , pp. 488-492
    • Klein, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 0037297956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion pathogenesis in the absence of Toll-like receptor signalling
    • Prinz, M. et al. Prion pathogenesis in the absence of Toll-like receptor signalling. EMBO Rep. 4, 195-199 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 195-199
    • Prinz, M.1
  • 56
    • 0242499506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positioning of follicular dendritic cells within the spleen controls prion neuroinvasion
    • Prinz, M. et al. Positioning of follicular dendritic cells within the spleen controls prion neuroinvasion. Nature 425, 957-962 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 957-962
    • Prinz, M.1
  • 57
    • 0344021409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prions and the immune system: A journey through gut, spleen, and nerves
    • Aguzzi, A. Prions and the immune system: a journey through gut, spleen, and nerves. Adv. Immunol. 81, 123-171 (2003).
    • (2003) Adv. Immunol. , vol.81 , pp. 123-171
    • Aguzzi, A.1
  • 58
    • 0014190760 scopus 로고
    • Self-repllcation and scrapie
    • Griffith, J. S. Self-repllcation and scrapie. Nature 215, 1043-1044 (1967). A mathematician proposes that the scrapie agent might not be a traditional infectious agent but, instead, an infectious protein.
    • (1967) Nature , vol.215 , pp. 1043-1044
    • Griffith, J.S.1
  • 59
    • 0001530885 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the experimental production of scrapie in goats and sheep
    • Pattison, I. H. & Millson, G. C. Further observations on the experimental production of scrapie in goats and sheep. J. Comp. Pathol. 70, 182-193 (1960).
    • (1960) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.70 , pp. 182-193
    • Pattison, I.H.1    Millson, G.C.2
  • 60
    • 0000446646 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the scrapie agent in the tissues of experimentally inoculated goats
    • Pattison, I. H. & Millson, G. C. Distribution of the scrapie agent in the tissues of experimentally inoculated goats. J. Comp. Pathol. 72, 233-244 (1962).
    • (1962) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.72 , pp. 233-244
    • Pattison, I.H.1    Millson, G.C.2
  • 61
    • 0034797467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transepithelial prion transport by M cells
    • Heppner, F. L. et al. Transepithelial prion transport by M cells. Nature Med. 7, 976-977 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Med. , vol.7 , pp. 976-977
    • Heppner, F.L.1
  • 62
    • 0037377727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral prion infection requires normal numbers of Peyer's patches but not of enteric lymphocytes
    • Prinz, M. et al. Oral prion infection requires normal numbers of Peyer's patches but not of enteric lymphocytes. Am. J. Pathol. 162, 1103-1111 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.162 , pp. 1103-1111
    • Prinz, M.1
  • 63
    • 0037324858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sc in lymphoid tissues of lambs experimentally exposed to the scrapie agent
    • Sc in lymphoid tissues of lambs experimentally exposed to the scrapie agent. J. Comp. Pathol. 128, 172-181 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.128 , pp. 172-181
    • Heggebo, R.1
  • 65
    • 0034798246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infected splenic dendritic cells are sufficient for prion transmission to the CNS in mouse scrapie
    • Aucouturier, P. et al. Infected splenic dendritic cells are sufficient for prion transmission to the CNS in mouse scrapie. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 703-708 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.108 , pp. 703-708
    • Aucouturier, P.1
  • 66
    • 0037154263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymph nodal prion replication and neuroinvasion in mice devoid of follicular dendritic cells
    • Prinz, M. et al. Lymph nodal prion replication and neuroinvasion in mice devoid of follicular dendritic cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 919-924 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 919-924
    • Prinz, M.1
  • 67
    • 0034686002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired prion replication in spleens of mice lacking functional follicular dendritic cells
    • Montrasio, F. et al. Impaired prion replication in spleens of mice lacking functional follicular dendritic cells. Science 288, 1257-1259 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1257-1259
    • Montrasio, F.1
  • 68
    • 0038618854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follicuiar dendritic cell dedifferentiation by treatment with an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin pathway dramatically reduces scrapie susceptibility
    • Mabbott, N. A., Young, J., McConnell, I. & Bruce, M. E. Follicuiar dendritic cell dedifferentiation by treatment with an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin pathway dramatically reduces scrapie susceptibility. J. Virol. 77, 6845-6854 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 6845-6854
    • Mabbott, N.A.1    Young, J.2    McConnell, I.3    Bruce, M.E.4
  • 69
    • 0033930508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporary inactivation of follicular dendritic cells delays neuroinvasion of scrapie
    • Mabbott, N. A., Mackay, F., Minns, F. & Bruce, M. E. Temporary inactivation of follicular dendritic cells delays neuroinvasion of scrapie. Nature Med. 6, 719-720 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Med. , vol.6 , pp. 719-720
    • Mabbott, N.A.1    Mackay, F.2    Minns, F.3    Bruce, M.E.4
  • 70
    • 0038186806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PrP-expressing tissue required for transfer of scrapie infectivity from spleen to brain
    • c is required for prions to reach the CNS after a peripheral exposure (either intraperitoneal or intravenous).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 69-73
    • Blättler, T.1
  • 72
    • 0031759918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PrP expression in B lymphocytes is not required for prion neuroinvasion
    • Klein, M. A. et al. PrP expression in B lymphocytes is not required for prion neuroinvasion. Nature Med. 4, 1429-1433 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Med. , vol.4 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Klein, M.A.1
  • 73
    • 0032746253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scrapie replication in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells
    • Brown, K. L. et al. Scrapie replication in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells. Nature Med. 5, 1308-1312 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Med. , vol.5 , pp. 1308-1312
    • Brown, K.L.1
  • 74
    • 0030582773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen
    • Forster, R. et al. A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87, 1037-1047 (1996).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 1037-1047
    • Forster, R.1
  • 75
    • 0029774786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential appearance and accumulation of pathognomonic markers in the central nervous system of hamsters orally infected with scrapie
    • Beekes, M., Baldauf, E. & Diringer, H. Sequential appearance and accumulation of pathognomonic markers in the central nervous system of hamsters orally infected with scrapie. J. Gen. Virol. 77, 1925-1934 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 1925-1934
    • Beekes, M.1    Baldauf, E.2    Diringer, H.3
  • 76
    • 0031881510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral targeting indicates vagal spread of infection in hamsters fed with scrapie
    • Beekes, M., McBride, P. A. & Baldauf, E. Cerebral targeting indicates vagal spread of infection in hamsters fed with scrapie. J. Gen. Virol. 79, 601-607 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 601-607
    • Beekes, M.1    McBride, P.A.2    Baldauf, E.3
  • 77
    • 0034891027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic innervation of lymphoreticular organs is rate limiting for prion neuroinvasion
    • Glatzel, M., Heppner, F. L., Albers, K. M. & Aguzzi, A. Sympathetic innervation of lymphoreticular organs is rate limiting for prion neuroinvasion. Neuron 31, 25-34 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.31 , pp. 25-34
    • Glatzel, M.1    Heppner, F.L.2    Albers, K.M.3    Aguzzi, A.4
  • 78
    • 0026638150 scopus 로고
    • Potent inhibition of scrapie-associated PrP accumulation by Congo red
    • Caughey, B. & Race, R. E. Potent inhibition of scrapie-associated PrP accumulation by Congo red. J. Neurochem. 59, 768-771 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.59 , pp. 768-771
    • Caughey, B.1    Race, R.E.2
  • 79
    • 0023243085 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B delays the incubation period of scrapie in intracerebrally inoculated hamsters
    • Pocchiari, M., Schmittinger, S. & Masullo, C. Amphotericin B delays the incubation period of scrapie in intracerebrally inoculated hamsters. J. Gen. Virol. 68, 219-223 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 219-223
    • Pocchiari, M.1    Schmittinger, S.2    Masullo, C.3
  • 80
    • 17344382240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of anthracycline against experimental prion disease in Syrian hamsters
    • Tagliavini, F. et al. Effectiveness of anthracycline against experimental prion disease in Syrian hamsters. Science 276, 1119-1122 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Tagliavini, F.1
  • 81
    • 0027535855 scopus 로고
    • Sulfated polyanion inhibition of scrapte-associated PrP accumulation in cultured cells
    • Caughey, B. & Raymond, G. J. Sulfated polyanion inhibition of scrapte-associated PrP accumulation in cultured cells. J. Virol. 67, 643-650 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 643-650
    • Caughey, B.1    Raymond, G.J.2
  • 82
    • 0033537348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic potential of pentosan polysulphate in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    • Farquhar, C., Dickinson, A. & Bruce, M. Prophylactic potential of pentosan polysulphate in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Lancet 353, 117 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 117
    • Farquhar, C.1    Dickinson, A.2    Bruce, M.3
  • 83
    • 0034711993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Porphyrin and phthalocyanine antiscrapie compounds
    • Priola, S. A., Raines, A. & Caughey, W. S. Porphyrin and phthalocyanine antiscrapie compounds. Science 287, 1503-1506 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1503-1506
    • Priola, S.A.1    Raines, A.2    Caughey, W.S.3
  • 84
    • 0035108195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branched polyamines cure prion-infected neuroblastoma cells
    • Supattapone, S. et al. Branched polyamines cure prion-infected neuroblastoma cells. J. Virol. 75, 3453-3461 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 3453-3461
    • Supattapone, S.1
  • 85
    • 0034650634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversion of prion protein conformational changes by synthetic β-sheet breaker peptides
    • Soto, C. et al. Reversion of prion protein conformational changes by synthetic β-sheet breaker peptides. Lancet 355, 192-197 (2000).
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 192-197
    • Soto, C.1
  • 86
    • 0029758220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of scrapie in spleens of SCID mice follows reconstitution with wild-type mouse bone marrow
    • Fraser, H. et al. Replication of scrapie in spleens of SCID mice follows reconstitution with wild-type mouse bone marrow. J. Gen. Virol. 77, 1935-1940 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 1935-1940
    • Fraser, H.1
  • 87
    • 0033947543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites of prion protein accumulation in scrapie-infected mouse spleen revealed by immuno-electron microscopy
    • Jeffrey, M., McGovern, G., Goodsir, C. M., Brown, K. L. & Bruce, M. E. Sites of prion protein accumulation in scrapie-infected mouse spleen revealed by immuno-electron microscopy. J. Pathol. 191, 323-332 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Pathol. , vol.191 , pp. 323-332
    • Jeffrey, M.1    McGovern, G.2    Goodsir, C.M.3    Brown, K.L.4    Bruce, M.E.5
  • 88
    • 0036788143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CWD lymphoid cell targets in early and advanced chronic wasting disease of mule deer
    • CWD lymphoid cell targets in early and advanced chronic wasting disease of mule deer. J. Gen. Virol. 83, 2617-2628 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 2617-2628
    • Sigurdson, C.J.1
  • 89
    • 0025983158 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal isoform of prion protein accumulates in follicular dendritic cells in mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Kitamoto, T., Muramoto, T., Mohri, S., Doh-ura, K. & Tateishi, J. Abnormal isoform of prion protein accumulates in follicular dendritic cells in mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J. Virol. 65, 6292-6295 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 6292-6295
    • Kitamoto, T.1    Muramoto, T.2    Mohri, S.3    Doh-Ura, K.4    Tateishi, J.5
  • 90
    • 0032480316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning off follicular dendritic cells
    • Mackay, F. & Browning, J. L. Turning off follicular dendritic cells. Nature 395, 26-27 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 26-27
    • Mackay, F.1    Browning, J.L.2
  • 91
    • 0032842326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The requirement of membrane lymphotoxin for the presence of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues
    • Wu, Q. et al. The requirement of membrane lymphotoxin for the presence of dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. J. Exp. Med. 190, 629-638 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.190 , pp. 629-638
    • Wu, Q.1
  • 92
    • 0032127279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1 - and IL-18-mediated function
    • Adachi, O. et al. Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1 - and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 9, 143-150 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 143-150
    • Adachi, O.1
  • 93
    • 0034619794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
    • Hemmi, H. et al. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408, 740-745 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 740-745
    • Hemmi, H.1
  • 94
    • 0037143011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postexposure prophylaxis against prion disease with a stimulator of innate immunity
    • Sethi, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H. & Kretzschmar, H. Postexposure prophylaxis against prion disease with a stimulator of innate immunity. Lancet 360, 229-230 (2002).
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 229-230
    • Sethi, S.1    Lipford, G.2    Wagner, H.3    Kretzschmar, H.4
  • 95
    • 0842343142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration
    • Heikenwalder, M. et al. Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration. Nature Med. 10, 187-192 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Med. , vol.10 , pp. 187-192
    • Heikenwalder, M.1
  • 96
    • 0034068675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of spleen macrophages in the clearance of scrapie agent early in pathogenesis
    • Beringue, V. et al. Role of spleen macrophages in the clearance of scrapie agent early in pathogenesis. J. Pathol. 190, 495-502 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Pathol. , vol.190 , pp. 495-502
    • Beringue, V.1
  • 97
    • 1342329324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion protein is a component of the multimolecular signaling complex involved in T cell activation
    • Mattel, V. et al. Prion protein is a component of the multimolecular signaling complex involved in T cell activation. FEBS Lett. 560, 14-18 (2004).
    • (2004) FEBS Lett. , vol.560 , pp. 14-18
    • Mattel, V.1
  • 98
    • 0026637514 scopus 로고
    • The prion protein gene: A role in mouse embryo genesis?
    • Manson, J. et al. The prion protein gene: a role in mouse embryogenesis? Development 115, 117-122 (1992).
    • (1992) Development , vol.115 , pp. 117-122
    • Manson, J.1
  • 99
    • 0025212147 scopus 로고
    • Cellular isoform of the scrapie agent protein participates in lymphocyte activation
    • Cashman, N. R. et al. Cellular isoform of the scrapie agent protein participates in lymphocyte activation. Cell 61, 185-192 (1990).
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 185-192
    • Cashman, N.R.1
  • 100
    • 0035812752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of scrapie pathogenesis by transgenic expression of anti-prion protein antibodies
    • Heppner, F. L. et al. Prevention of scrapie pathogenesis by transgenic expression of anti-prion protein antibodies. Science 294, 178-182 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 178-182
    • Heppner, F.L.1
  • 101
    • 0035979274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scrapie prion protein accumulation by scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells abrogated by exposure to a prion protein antibody
    • Enari, M., Flechsig, E. & Weissmann, C. Scrapie prion protein accumulation by scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells abrogated by exposure to a prion protein antibody. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9295-9299 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 9295-9299
    • Enari, M.1    Flechsig, E.2    Weissmann, C.3
  • 102
    • 0035899413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity
    • Peretz, D. et al. Antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity. Nature 412, 739-743 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 739-743
    • Peretz, D.1
  • 103
    • 0037422133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies inhibit prion replication and delay the development of prion disease
    • White, A. R. et al. Monoclonal antibodies inhibit prion replication and delay the development of prion disease. Nature 422, 80-83 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 80-83
    • White, A.R.1
  • 104
    • 12144291519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-linking cellular prion protein triggers neuronal apoptosis in vivo
    • Solforosi, L. et al. Cross-linking cellular prion protein triggers neuronal apoptosis in vivo. Science 303, 514-516 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 514-516
    • Solforosi, L.1
  • 105
    • 0036840139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of lymphoid microenvironments in nonhuman primates by an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin pathway
    • Gommerman, J. L. et al. Manipulation of lymphoid microenvironments in nonhuman primates by an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin pathway. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 1359-1369 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.110 , pp. 1359-1369
    • Gommerman, J.L.1
  • 106
    • 0036791019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant-negative inhibition of prion replication in transgenic mice
    • Perrier, V et al. Dominant-negative inhibition of prion replication in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 13079-13084 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 13079-13084
    • Perrier, V.1
  • 107
    • 0029825830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c) is required for scrapie spread within the central nervous system
    • c) is required for scrapie spread within the central nervous system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13148-13151 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 13148-13151
    • Brandner, S.1
  • 108
    • 0027491308 scopus 로고
    • Ablation of the prion protein (PrP) gene in mice prevents scrapie and facilitates production of anti-PrP antibodies
    • Prusiner, S. B. et al. Ablation of the prion protein (PrP) gene in mice prevents scrapie and facilitates production of anti-PrP antibodies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10608-10612 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 10608-10612
    • Prusiner, S.B.1
  • 109
    • 0036849619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of antibodies against murine full-length prion protein in wild-type mice
    • Koller, M. F., Grau, T. & Christen, P. Induction of antibodies against murine full-length prion protein in wild-type mice. J. Neuroimmunol. 132, 113-116 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.132 , pp. 113-116
    • Koller, M.F.1    Grau, T.2    Christen, P.3
  • 110
    • 1142297669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • vCJD tissue distribution and transmission by transfusion - A worst-case scenario coming true?
    • Aguzzi, A. & Glatzel, M. vCJD tissue distribution and transmission by transfusion - a worst-case scenario coming true? Lancet 363, 411-412 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 411-412
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Glatzel, M.2
  • 111
    • 1142273431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion
    • Llewelyn, C. A. et al. Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion. Lancet 363, 417-421 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 417-421
    • Llewelyn, C.A.1
  • 113
    • 0342951746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK
    • Will, R. G. et al. A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the UK. Lancet 347, 921-925 (1996).
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 921-925
    • Will, R.G.1
  • 114
    • 0344342110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 26-year-old French man
    • Chazot, G. et al. New variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 26-year-old French man. Lancet 347, 1181 (1996).
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1181
    • Chazot, G.1
  • 115
    • 0030600432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spongiform encephalopathies: A suspicious signature
    • Aguzzi, A. & Weissmann, C. Spongiform encephalopathies: a suspicious signature. Nature 383, 666-667 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 666-667
    • Aguzzi, A.1    Weissmann, C.2
  • 116
    • 0031015906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by tonsil biopsy
    • Hill, A. F., Zeidler, M., Ironside, J. & Collinge, J. Diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by tonsil biopsy. Lancet 349, 99-100 (1997).
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 99-100
    • Hill, A.F.1    Zeidler, M.2    Ironside, J.3    Collinge, J.4
  • 117
    • 0032829127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scrapie pathogenesis in subclinically infected B-cell-deficient mice
    • Frigg, R., Klein, M. A., Hegyi, I., Zinkernagel, R. M. & Aguzzi, A. Scrapie pathogenesis in subclinically infected B-cell-deficient mice. J. Virol. 73, 9584-9588 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Virol. , vol.73 , pp. 9584-9588
    • Frigg, R.1    Klein, M.A.2    Hegyi, I.3    Zinkernagel, R.M.4    Aguzzi, A.5
  • 118
    • 0034675211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep
    • Houston, F., Foster, J. D., Chong, A., Hunter, N. & Bostock, C. J. Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep. Lancet 356, 999-1000 (2000). Shows that BSE prion infectivity circulates in the blood and is transmissible by transfusion. It was subsequently reported (reference 111) that a probable case of vCJD was contracted through blood transfusion.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 999-1000
    • Houston, F.1    Foster, J.D.2    Chong, A.3    Hunter, N.4    Bostock, C.J.5
  • 119
    • 0036843096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion
    • Hunter, N. et al. Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion. J. Gen. Virol. 83, 2897-2905 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 2897-2905
    • Hunter, N.1
  • 120
    • 0344420049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human prion diseases: Epidemiology and integrated risk assessment
    • Glatzel, M. et al. Human prion diseases: epidemiology and integrated risk assessment. Lancet Neurol. 2, 757-763 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol. , vol.2 , pp. 757-763
    • Glatzel, M.1
  • 122
    • 0018832111 scopus 로고
    • Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats affected with natural scrapie
    • Hadlow, W. J., Kennedy, R. C., Race, R. E. & Eklund, C. M. Virologic and neurohistologic findings in dairy goats affected with natural scrapie. Vet. Pathol. 17, 187-199 (1980).
    • (1980) Vet. Pathol. , vol.17 , pp. 187-199
    • Hadlow, W.J.1    Kennedy, R.C.2    Race, R.E.3    Eklund, C.M.4
  • 123
    • 0016259671 scopus 로고
    • Course of experimentai scrapie virus infection in the goat
    • Hadlow, W. J. et al. Course of experimentai scrapie virus infection in the goat. J. Infect. Dis. 129, 559-567 (1974).
    • (1974) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.129 , pp. 559-567
    • Hadlow, W.J.1
  • 124
    • 0018893446 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the scrapie agent in ocular neural tissues
    • Buyukmihci, N., Rorvik, M. & Marsh, R. F. Replication of the scrapie agent in ocular neural tissues. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 77, 1169-1171 (1980).
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.77 , pp. 1169-1171
    • Buyukmihci, N.1    Rorvik, M.2    Marsh, R.F.3
  • 125
    • 0015519665 scopus 로고
    • Spread of scrapie to sheep and goats by oral dosing with foetal membranes from scrapie-affected sheep
    • Pattison, I. H., Hoare, M. N., Jebbett, J. N. & Watson, W. A. Spread of scrapie to sheep and goats by oral dosing with foetal membranes from scrapie-affected sheep. Vet. Rec. 90, 465-468 (1972).
    • (1972) Vet. Rec. , vol.90 , pp. 465-468
    • Pattison, I.H.1    Hoare, M.N.2    Jebbett, J.N.3    Watson, W.A.4
  • 126
    • 0033521542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature follicular dendritic cell networks depend on expression of lymphotoxin-β receptor by radioresistant stromal cells and of lymphotoxin-β and tumor necrosis factor by B cells
    • Endres, R. et al. Mature follicular dendritic cell networks depend on expression of lymphotoxin-β receptor by radioresistant stromal cells and of lymphotoxin-β and tumor necrosis factor by B cells. J. Exp. Med. 189, 159-168 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 159-168
    • Endres, R.1
  • 127
    • 0018936053 scopus 로고
    • Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates
    • Gibbs, C. J. Jr, Amyx, H. L. Bacote, A., Masters, C. L. & Gajdusek, D. C. Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates. J. Infect. Dis. 142, 205-208 (1980).
    • (1980) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.142 , pp. 205-208
    • Gibbs Jr., C.J.1    Amyx, H.L.2    Bacote, A.3    Masters, C.L.4    Gajdusek, D.C.5
  • 128
    • 0014665121 scopus 로고
    • Infection as the etiology of spongiform encephalopatny (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
    • Gibbs, C. J. Jr & Gajdusek, D. C. Infection as the etiology of spongiform encephalopatny (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Soence 165, 1023-1025 (1969).
    • (1969) Soence , vol.165 , pp. 1023-1025
    • Gibbs Jr., C.J.1    Gajdusek, D.C.2
  • 129
    • 0031292984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Echigo-1 : A panencephalopathic strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A passage to hamsters and ultrastructural studies
    • Liberski, P. P. & Mon, S. The Echigo-1 : a panencephalopathic strain of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a passage to hamsters and ultrastructural studies. Folia Neuropathol. 35, 250-254 (1997).
    • (1997) Folia Neuropathol. , vol.35 , pp. 250-254
    • Liberski, P.P.1    Mon, S.2
  • 130
    • 0344844524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanized knock-in mice expressing chimeric prion protein showed varied susceptibility to different human prions
    • Taguchi, Y., Mohri, S., Ironside, J. W., Muramoto, T. & Kitamoto, T. Humanized knock-in mice expressing chimeric prion protein showed varied susceptibility to different human prions. Am. J. Pathol. 163, 2585-2593 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.163 , pp. 2585-2593
    • Taguchi, Y.1    Mohri, S.2    Ironside, J.W.3    Muramoto, T.4    Kitamoto, T.5
  • 131
    • 0030007616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of human prion diseases to rodents
    • Tateishi, J. Transmission of human prion diseases to rodents. Semin. Virol. 7, 175-180 (1996).
    • (1996) Semin. Virol. , vol.7 , pp. 175-180
    • Tateishi, J.1
  • 132
    • 18744362997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein
    • Asante, E. A. et al. BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein. EMBO J. 21, 6358-6366 (2002).
    • (2002) EMBO J. , vol.21 , pp. 6358-6366
    • Asante, E.A.1
  • 133
    • 0037495193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the neuropathological characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in mice
    • Brown, D. A., Bruce, M. E. & Fraser, J. R. Comparison of the neuropathological characteristics of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in mice. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 29, 262-272 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.29 , pp. 262-272
    • Brown, D.A.1    Bruce, M.E.2    Fraser, J.R.3
  • 134
    • 0014201286 scopus 로고
    • Transmission and passage of experimenal 'kuru' to chimpanzees
    • Gajdusek, D. C., Gibbs, C. J. Jr & Alpers, M. Transmission and passage of experimenal 'kuru' to chimpanzees. Science 155, 212-214 (1967). Shows that a human TSE, kuru, is transmissible to chimpanzees. Kuru was endemic in the Fore people of Papua New Guinea and transmitted between individuals through ritualistic cannibalism of the dead.
    • (1967) Science , vol.155 , pp. 212-214
    • Gajdusek, D.C.1    Gibbs Jr., C.J.2    Alpers, M.3
  • 135
    • 0029132280 scopus 로고
    • First experimental transmission of fatal familial insomnia
    • Tateishi, J. et al. First experimental transmission of fatal familial insomnia. Nature 376, 434-435 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 434-435
    • Tateishi, J.1
  • 136
    • 0021281297 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. IV. Positive transmission from a typical case of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease
    • Tateishi, J., Sato, Y., Nagara, H. & Boellaard, J. W. Experimental transmission of human subacute spongiform encephalopathy to small rodents. IV. Positive transmission from a typical case of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 64, 85-88 (1984).
    • (1984) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.64 , pp. 85-88
    • Tateishi, J.1    Sato, Y.2    Nagara, H.3    Boellaard, J.W.4
  • 137
    • 0025696814 scopus 로고
    • Spongiform encephalopathy transmitted experimentally from Creutzfeldt-Jakob and familial Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker diseases
    • Baker, H. F., Duchen, L. W., Jacobs, J. M. & Ridley, R. M. Spongiform encephalopathy transmitted experimentally from Creutzfeldt-Jakob and familial Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker diseases. Brain 113, 1891-1909 (1990).
    • (1990) Brain , vol.113 , pp. 1891-1909
    • Baker, H.F.1    Duchen, L.W.2    Jacobs, J.M.3    Ridley, R.M.4
  • 138
    • 0036184403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain characterization of natural sheep scrapie and comparison with BSE
    • Bruce, M. E. et al. Strain characterization of natural sheep scrapie and comparison with BSE. J. Gen. Virol. 83, 695-704 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.83 , pp. 695-704
    • Bruce, M.E.1
  • 140
    • 0034973230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markedly increased susceptibility to natural sheep scrapie of transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP
    • Vilotte, J. L. et al. Markedly increased susceptibility to natural sheep scrapie of transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP. J. Virol. 75, 5977-5984 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 5977-5984
    • Vilotte, J.L.1
  • 141
    • 0032567088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host range of chronic wasting disease is altered on passage in ferrets
    • Bartz, J. C., Marsh, R. F., McKenzie, D. I. & Aiken, J. M. The host range of chronic wasting disease is altered on passage in ferrets. Virology 251, 297-301 (1998).
    • (1998) Virology , vol.251 , pp. 297-301
    • Bartz, J.C.1    Marsh, R.F.2    McKenzie, D.I.3    Aiken, J.M.4
  • 142
    • 0037389545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • res in BSE-infected bovine PrP transgenic mice
    • res in BSE-infected bovine PrP transgenic mice. Arch. Virol. 148, 677-691 (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Virol. , vol.148 , pp. 677-691
    • Castilla, J.1
  • 143
    • 0033616722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents
    • Bons, N. et al. Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4046-4051 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 4046-4051
    • Bons, N.1
  • 144
    • 0029947694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSE transmission to macaques
    • Lasmezas, C. I. et al. BSE transmission to macaques. Nature 381, 743-744 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 743-744
    • Lasmezas, C.I.1
  • 145
    • 0028782015 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: Strain variation and the species barrier
    • Bruce, M. et al. Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 343, 405-411 (1994).
    • (1994) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.343 , pp. 405-411
    • Bruce, M.1
  • 146
    • 0028779125 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of feline spongiform encephalopathy to mice
    • Fraser, H. et al. Transmission of feline spongiform encephalopathy to mice. Vet. Rec. 134, 449 (1994).
    • (1994) Vet. Rec. , vol.134 , pp. 449
    • Fraser, H.1
  • 147
    • 0026558780 scopus 로고
    • Identification of two biologically distinct strains of transmissible mink encephalopathy in hamsters
    • Bessen, R. A. & Marsh, R. F. Identification of two biologically distinct strains of transmissible mink encephalopathy in hamsters. J. Gen. Virol. 73, 329-334 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.73 , pp. 329-334
    • Bessen, R.A.1    Marsh, R.F.2
  • 148
    • 4444325310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humoral immune response to native eukaryotic prion protein correlates with anti-prion protection
    • 3 August (doi:10.1073/pnas.0404772101)
    • Polymenidou, M. et al. Humoral immune response to native eukaryotic prion protein correlates with anti-prion protection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 3 August 2004 (doi:10.1073/pnas.0404772101).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
    • Polymenidou, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.