메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 377, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 239-247

Persistence of restricted CD4 T cell expansions in SIV-infected macaques resistant to SHIV89.6P superinfection

Author keywords

CD4; Primary infection; Protection; SHIV89.6P; TRBV repertoire; Viral challenge

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL CLONE; CELL COUNT; CELL EXPANSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; INFECTION RESISTANCE; MACACA; METHODOLOGY; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEROLOGY; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SUPERINFECTION; VIRUS LOAD;

EID: 44949144045     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: 10960341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.031     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (3)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0023927549 scopus 로고
    • T4+ T helper cell function in vivo: differential requirement for induction of antiviral cytotoxic T-cell and antibody responses
    • Ahmed R., Butler L.D., and Bhatti L. T4+ T helper cell function in vivo: differential requirement for induction of antiviral cytotoxic T-cell and antibody responses. J. Virol. 62 (1988) 2102-2106
    • (1988) J. Virol. , vol.62 , pp. 2102-2106
    • Ahmed, R.1    Butler, L.D.2    Bhatti, L.3
  • 2
    • 0036302172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed contraction of CD8(+) T cells after infection
    • Badovinac V.P., Porter B.B., and Harty J.T. Programmed contraction of CD8(+) T cells after infection. Nat. Immunol. 3 (2002) 619-626
    • (2002) Nat. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 619-626
    • Badovinac, V.P.1    Porter, B.B.2    Harty, J.T.3
  • 4
    • 0034547839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the T cell repertoire during primary, memory, and recall responses to viral infection
    • Blattman J.N., Sourdive D.J., Murali-Krishna K., Ahmed R., and Altman J.D. Evolution of the T cell repertoire during primary, memory, and recall responses to viral infection. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 6081-6090
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 6081-6090
    • Blattman, J.N.1    Sourdive, D.J.2    Murali-Krishna, K.3    Ahmed, R.4    Altman, J.D.5
  • 5
    • 0027162407 scopus 로고
    • Conserved T-cell receptor repertoire in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys
    • Chen Z.W., Kou Z.C., Shen L., Reimann K.A., and Letvin N.L. Conserved T-cell receptor repertoire in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus monkeys. J. Immunol. 151 (1993) 2177-2187
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.151 , pp. 2177-2187
    • Chen, Z.W.1    Kou, Z.C.2    Shen, L.3    Reimann, K.A.4    Letvin, N.L.5
  • 7
    • 0345742562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of N-linked glycosylation sites in the V1 region of simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 results in redirection of B-cell responses to V3
    • Cole K.S., Steckbeck J.D., Rowles J.L., Desrosiers R.C., and Montelaro R.C. Removal of N-linked glycosylation sites in the V1 region of simian immunodeficiency virus gp120 results in redirection of B-cell responses to V3. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 1525-1539
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 1525-1539
    • Cole, K.S.1    Steckbeck, J.D.2    Rowles, J.L.3    Desrosiers, R.C.4    Montelaro, R.C.5
  • 9
    • 34247580092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The T cell repertoire in infection and vaccination: implications for control of persistent viruses
    • Davenport M.P., Price D.A., and McMichael A.J. The T cell repertoire in infection and vaccination: implications for control of persistent viruses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19 (2007) 294-300
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.19 , pp. 294-300
    • Davenport, M.P.1    Price, D.A.2    McMichael, A.J.3
  • 10
    • 0032938006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for multiple lymphocyte subsets in protection by a live attenuated vaccine against retroviral infection
    • Dittmer U., Brooks D.M., and Hasenkrug K.J. Requirement for multiple lymphocyte subsets in protection by a live attenuated vaccine against retroviral infection. Nat. Med. 5 (1999) 189-193
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 189-193
    • Dittmer, U.1    Brooks, D.M.2    Hasenkrug, K.J.3
  • 11
    • 0034684648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated repertoire selection and loss of TCR vbeta diversity during the initiation of a CD4(+) T cell response in vivo
    • Fasso M., Anandasabapathy N., Crawford F., Kappler J., Fathman C.G., and Ridgway W.M. T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated repertoire selection and loss of TCR vbeta diversity during the initiation of a CD4(+) T cell response in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 192 (2000) 1719-1730
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.192 , pp. 1719-1730
    • Fasso, M.1    Anandasabapathy, N.2    Crawford, F.3    Kappler, J.4    Fathman, C.G.5    Ridgway, W.M.6
  • 12
    • 0038375013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferation and differentiation potential of human CD8+ memory T-cell subsets in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines
    • Geginat J., Lanzavecchia A., and Sallusto F. Proliferation and differentiation potential of human CD8+ memory T-cell subsets in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Blood 101 (2003) 4260-4266
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 4260-4266
    • Geginat, J.1    Lanzavecchia, A.2    Sallusto, F.3
  • 13
    • 34848848497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector memory CD8+ T cells are resistant to apoptosis
    • Gupta S., and Gollapudi S. Effector memory CD8+ T cells are resistant to apoptosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1109 (2007) 145-150
    • (2007) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1109 , pp. 145-150
    • Gupta, S.1    Gollapudi, S.2
  • 14
    • 0029665303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enumeration and characterization of memory cells in the TH compartment
    • Heyzer-Williams M.G., Altman J.D., and Davis M.M. Enumeration and characterization of memory cells in the TH compartment. Immunol. Rev. 150 (1996) 5-21
    • (1996) Immunol. Rev. , vol.150 , pp. 5-21
    • Heyzer-Williams, M.G.1    Altman, J.D.2    Davis, M.M.3
  • 16
    • 0033532540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of antigen-specific T cell receptors in vivo: preimmune and antigen-driven selection of preferred complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs
    • Heyzer-Williams L.J., Panus J.F., Mikszta J.A., and Heyzer-Williams M.G. Evolution of antigen-specific T cell receptors in vivo: preimmune and antigen-driven selection of preferred complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs. J. Exp. Med. 189 (1999) 1823-1838
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 1823-1838
    • Heyzer-Williams, L.J.1    Panus, J.F.2    Mikszta, J.A.3    Heyzer-Williams, M.G.4
  • 17
    • 0032146171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective immunity induced by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus
    • Johnson R.P., and Desrosiers R.C. Protective immunity induced by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10 (1998) 436-443
    • (1998) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 436-443
    • Johnson, R.P.1    Desrosiers, R.C.2
  • 18
    • 0032996128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly attenuated vaccine strains of simian immunodeficiency virus protect against vaginal challenge: inverse relationship of degree of protection with level of attenuation
    • Johnson R.P., Lifson J.D., Czajak S.C., Cole K.S., Manson K.H., Glickman R., Yang J., Montefiori D.C., Montelaro R., Wyand M.S., and Desrosiers R.C. Highly attenuated vaccine strains of simian immunodeficiency virus protect against vaginal challenge: inverse relationship of degree of protection with level of attenuation. J. Virol. 73 (1999) 4952-4961
    • (1999) J. Virol. , vol.73 , pp. 4952-4961
    • Johnson, R.P.1    Lifson, J.D.2    Czajak, S.C.3    Cole, K.S.4    Manson, K.H.5    Glickman, R.6    Yang, J.7    Montefiori, D.C.8    Montelaro, R.9    Wyand, M.S.10    Desrosiers, R.C.11
  • 22
    • 0033137113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of CTL coincides with clearance of virus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys
    • Kuroda M.J., Schmitz J.E., Charini W.A., Nickerson C.E., Lifton M.A., Lord C.I., Forman M.A., and Letvin N.L. Emergence of CTL coincides with clearance of virus during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 5127-5133
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 5127-5133
    • Kuroda, M.J.1    Schmitz, J.E.2    Charini, W.A.3    Nickerson, C.E.4    Lifton, M.A.5    Lord, C.I.6    Forman, M.A.7    Letvin, N.L.8
  • 23
    • 0032528501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clonal composition of a peptide-specific oligoclonal CTL repertoire selected in response to persistent EBV infection is stable over time
    • Levitsky V., Campos-Lima P.O., Frisan T., and Masucci M.G. The clonal composition of a peptide-specific oligoclonal CTL repertoire selected in response to persistent EBV infection is stable over time. J. Immunol. 161 (1998) 594-601
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.161 , pp. 594-601
    • Levitsky, V.1    Campos-Lima, P.O.2    Frisan, T.3    Masucci, M.G.4
  • 25
    • 0030020130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell PCR analysis of TCR repertoires selected by antigen in vivo: a high magnitude CD8 response is comprised of very few clones
    • Maryanski J.L., Jongeneel C.V., Bucher P., Casanova J.L., and Walker P.R. Single-cell PCR analysis of TCR repertoires selected by antigen in vivo: a high magnitude CD8 response is comprised of very few clones. Immunity 4 (1996) 47-55
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 47-55
    • Maryanski, J.L.1    Jongeneel, C.V.2    Bucher, P.3    Casanova, J.L.4    Walker, P.R.5
  • 26
    • 0027971622 scopus 로고
    • CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection
    • Matloubian M., Concepcion R.J., and Ahmed R. CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. J. Virol. 68 (1994) 8056-8063
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 8056-8063
    • Matloubian, M.1    Concepcion, R.J.2    Ahmed, R.3
  • 27
    • 17844374605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection
    • Mattapallil J.J., Douek D.C., Hill B., Nishimura Y., Martin M., and Roederer M. Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection. Nature 434 (2005) 1093-1097
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1093-1097
    • Mattapallil, J.J.1    Douek, D.C.2    Hill, B.3    Nishimura, Y.4    Martin, M.5    Roederer, M.6
  • 28
    • 0028927653 scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo
    • McHeyzer-Williams M.G., and Davis M.M. Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo. Science 268 (1995) 106-111
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 106-111
    • McHeyzer-Williams, M.G.1    Davis, M.M.2
  • 29
    • 0035051927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quintuple deglycosylation mutant of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques: robust primary replication, tightly contained chronic infection, and elicitation of potent immunity against the parental wild-type strain
    • Mori K., Yasutomi Y., Ohgimoto S., Nakasone T., Takamura S., Shioda T., and Nagai Y. Quintuple deglycosylation mutant of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques: robust primary replication, tightly contained chronic infection, and elicitation of potent immunity against the parental wild-type strain. J. Virol. 75 (2001) 4023-4028
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 4023-4028
    • Mori, K.1    Yasutomi, Y.2    Ohgimoto, S.3    Nakasone, T.4    Takamura, S.5    Shioda, T.6    Nagai, Y.7
  • 31
    • 18244361800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV pathogenesis: the first cut is the deepest
    • Picker L.J., and Watkins D.I. HIV pathogenesis: the first cut is the deepest. Nat. Immunol. 6 (2005) 430-432
    • (2005) Nat. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 430-432
    • Picker, L.J.1    Watkins, D.I.2
  • 32
    • 0034040118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reservoirs for HIV-1: mechanisms for viral persistence in the presence of antiviral immune responses and antiretroviral therapy
    • Pierson T., McArthur J., and Siliciano R.F. Reservoirs for HIV-1: mechanisms for viral persistence in the presence of antiviral immune responses and antiretroviral therapy. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18 (2000) 665-708
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 665-708
    • Pierson, T.1    McArthur, J.2    Siliciano, R.F.3
  • 35
    • 0029794529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate env causes an AIDS-like disease after in vivo passage in rhesus monkeys
    • Reimann K.A., Li J.T., Veazey R., Halloran M., Park I.W., Karlsson G.B., Sodroski J., and Letvin N.L. A chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate env causes an AIDS-like disease after in vivo passage in rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 6922-6928
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 6922-6928
    • Reimann, K.A.1    Li, J.T.2    Veazey, R.3    Halloran, M.4    Park, I.W.5    Karlsson, G.B.6    Sodroski, J.7    Letvin, N.L.8
  • 36
    • 34249944632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection
    • Ribeiro R.M. Dynamics of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. Immunol. Cell Biol. 85 (2007) 287-294
    • (2007) Immunol. Cell Biol. , vol.85 , pp. 287-294
    • Ribeiro, R.M.1
  • 37
    • 2442700374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: effector memory CD8+ T cells play a prominent role in recall responses to secondary viral infection in the lung
    • Roberts A.D., and Woodland D.L. Cutting edge: effector memory CD8+ T cells play a prominent role in recall responses to secondary viral infection in the lung. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 6533-6537
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 6533-6537
    • Roberts, A.D.1    Woodland, D.L.2
  • 38
    • 0028326110 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and biological characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain 32H proviral clones containing nef size variants
    • Rud E.W., Cranage M., Yon J., Quirk J., Ogilvie L., Cook N., Webster S., Dennis M., and Clarke B.E. Molecular and biological characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain 32H proviral clones containing nef size variants. J. Gen. Virol. 75 Pt 3 (1994) 529-543
    • (1994) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.75 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 529-543
    • Rud, E.W.1    Cranage, M.2    Yon, J.3    Quirk, J.4    Ogilvie, L.5    Cook, N.6    Webster, S.7    Dennis, M.8    Clarke, B.E.9
  • 39
    • 2142730100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: function, generation, and maintenance
    • Sallusto F., Geginat J., and Lanzavecchia A. Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: function, generation, and maintenance. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22 (2004) 745-763
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 745-763
    • Sallusto, F.1    Geginat, J.2    Lanzavecchia, A.3
  • 40
    • 0041381363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation
    • seder R.A., and Ahmed R. Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generation. Nat. Immunol. 4 (2003) 835-842
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 835-842
    • seder, R.A.1    Ahmed, R.2
  • 41
    • 4544275103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macaques infected long-term with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) remain resistant to wild-type challenge, despite declining cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to an immunodominant epitope
    • Sharpe S.A., Cope A., Dowall S., Berry N., Ham C., Heeney J.L., Hopkins D., Easterbrook L., Dennis M., Almond N., and Cranage M. Macaques infected long-term with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) remain resistant to wild-type challenge, despite declining cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to an immunodominant epitope. J. Gen. Virol. 85 (2004) 2591-2602
    • (2004) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 2591-2602
    • Sharpe, S.A.1    Cope, A.2    Dowall, S.3    Berry, N.4    Ham, C.5    Heeney, J.L.6    Hopkins, D.7    Easterbrook, L.8    Dennis, M.9    Almond, N.10    Cranage, M.11
  • 42
    • 0031698167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution analysis of T-cell receptor beta-chain repertoires using DNA heteroduplex tracking: generally stable, clonal CD8+ expansions in all healthy young adults
    • Shen D.F., Doukhan L., Kalams S., and Delwart E. High-resolution analysis of T-cell receptor beta-chain repertoires using DNA heteroduplex tracking: generally stable, clonal CD8+ expansions in all healthy young adults. J. Immunol. Methods 215 (1998) 113-121
    • (1998) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.215 , pp. 113-121
    • Shen, D.F.1    Doukhan, L.2    Kalams, S.3    Delwart, E.4
  • 43
    • 34548050436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8 T cell dysfunction during chronic viral infection
    • Shin H., and Wherry E.J. CD8 T cell dysfunction during chronic viral infection. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19 (2007) 408-415
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.19 , pp. 408-415
    • Shin, H.1    Wherry, E.J.2
  • 46
    • 0037432776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help
    • Sun J.C., and Bevan M.J. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 300 (2003) 339-342
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 339-342
    • Sun, J.C.1    Bevan, M.J.2
  • 47
    • 4644271443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ T cells are required for the maintenance, not programming, of memory CD8+ T cells after acute infection
    • Sun J.C., Williams M.A., and Bevan M.J. CD4+ T cells are required for the maintenance, not programming, of memory CD8+ T cells after acute infection. Nat. Immunol. 5 (2004) 927-933
    • (2004) Nat. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 927-933
    • Sun, J.C.1    Williams, M.A.2    Bevan, M.J.3
  • 48
    • 0141449974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+CD25+ T cells regulate virus-specific primary and memory CD8+ T cell responses
    • Suvas S., Kumaraguru U., Pack C.D., Lee S., and Rouse B.T. CD4+CD25+ T cells regulate virus-specific primary and memory CD8+ T cell responses. J. Exp. Med. 198 (2003) 889-901
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.198 , pp. 889-901
    • Suvas, S.1    Kumaraguru, U.2    Pack, C.D.3    Lee, S.4    Rouse, B.T.5
  • 49
    • 1542267802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus
    • Tenner-Racz K., Stahl H.C., Uberla K., Stoiber H., Ignatius R., Heeney J., Steinman R.M., and Racz P. Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 3017-3022
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.101 , pp. 3017-3022
    • Tenner-Racz, K.1    Stahl, H.C.2    Uberla, K.3    Stoiber, H.4    Ignatius, R.5    Heeney, J.6    Steinman, R.M.7    Racz, P.8
  • 50
    • 0032038760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of circulating CTL induced by infection with wild-type or attenuated SIV and their correlation with protection from pathogenic SHIV challenge
    • Vogel T.U., Fournier J., Sherring A., Ko D., Parenteau M., Bogdanovic D., Mihowich J., and Rud E.W. Presence of circulating CTL induced by infection with wild-type or attenuated SIV and their correlation with protection from pathogenic SHIV challenge. J. Med. Primatol. 27 (1998) 65-72
    • (1998) J. Med. Primatol. , vol.27 , pp. 65-72
    • Vogel, T.U.1    Fournier, J.2    Sherring, A.3    Ko, D.4    Parenteau, M.5    Bogdanovic, D.6    Mihowich, J.7    Rud, E.W.8
  • 51
    • 0030053663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge
    • von Herrath M.G., Yokoyama M., Dockter J., Oldstone M.B., and Whitton J.L. CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 1072-1079
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 1072-1079
    • von Herrath, M.G.1    Yokoyama, M.2    Dockter, J.3    Oldstone, M.B.4    Whitton, J.L.5
  • 52
    • 0030036461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory TCR repertoires analyzed long-term reflect those selected during the primary response
    • Walker P.R., Wilson A., Bucher P., and Maryanski J.L. Memory TCR repertoires analyzed long-term reflect those selected during the primary response. Int. Immunol. 8 (1996) 1131-1138
    • (1996) Int. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 1131-1138
    • Walker, P.R.1    Wilson, A.2    Bucher, P.3    Maryanski, J.L.4
  • 53
    • 0029031494 scopus 로고
    • Repair and evolution of nef in vivo modulates simian immunodeficiency virus virulence
    • Whatmore A.M., Cook N., Hall G.A., Sharpe S., Rud E.W., and Cranage M.P. Repair and evolution of nef in vivo modulates simian immunodeficiency virus virulence. J. Virol. 69 (1995) 5117-5123
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 5117-5123
    • Whatmore, A.M.1    Cook, N.2    Hall, G.A.3    Sharpe, S.4    Rud, E.W.5    Cranage, M.P.6
  • 54
    • 0035928858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of T cell help for anti-viral CTL responses
    • Wodarz D., and Jansen V.A. The role of T cell help for anti-viral CTL responses. J. Theor. Biol. 211 (2001) 419-432
    • (2001) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.211 , pp. 419-432
    • Wodarz, D.1    Jansen, V.A.2
  • 56
    • 7044254507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites
    • Zaph C., Uzonna J., Beverley S.M., and Scott P. Central memory T cells mediate long-term immunity to Leishmania major in the absence of persistent parasites. Nat. Med. 10 (2004) 1104-1110
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1104-1110
    • Zaph, C.1    Uzonna, J.2    Beverley, S.M.3    Scott, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.