The evolution of our understanding on glioma

Brain Pathology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 455-463

  Martin Villalba, Ana ^b   Okuducu, Ali Fuat ^c   Von Deimling, Andreas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b GERMAN CANCER RESEARCH CENTER DKFZ   (Germany)

^c Institute of Pathology   (Germany)

Author keywords

Glioma; History; Review

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CD133 ANTIGEN; ETHYLNITROSOUREA; NESTIN; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN P53; TEMOZOLOMIDE;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; BRAIN TUMOR; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER GRADING; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STEM CELL; CANCER SURGERY; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; DNA DETERMINATION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GLIOMA; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; NEURAL STEM CELL; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; TUMOR MODEL; VIRUS CARCINOGENESIS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; GLIOMA; HUMANS;

EID: 44649144544     PISSN: 10156305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00136.x     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Aguzzi A, Kleihues P, Heckl K, Wiestler OD (1991) Cell type-specific tumour induction in neural transplants by retrovirus-mediated oncogene transfer. Oncogene 6 : 113 118.
2. Altman J, Das GD (1965) Post-natal origin of microneurones in the rat brain. Nature 207 : 953 956.
3. Alvarez-Buylla A, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Tramontin AD (2001) A unified hypothesis on the lineage of neural stem cells. Nat Rev 2 : 287 293.
4. Bachoo RM, Maher EA, Ligon KL, Sharpless NE, Chan SS, You MJ et al (2002) Epidermal growth factor receptor and Ink4a/Arf: convergent mechanisms governing terminal differentiation and transformation along the neural stem cell to astrocyte axis. Cancer Cell 1 : 269 277.
5. Bailey P, Cushing H (1926) A Classification of The Tumors of The Glioma Group on a Histogenetic Basis with a Correlated Study of Prognosis. Lippincot JB : Philadelphia.
6. Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB et al (2006) Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 444 : 756 760.
7. Bargmann CI, Hung MC, Weinberg RA (1986) Multiple independent activations of the neu oncogene by a point mutation altering the transmembrane domain of p185. Cell 45 : 649 657.
8. Benedetti S, Pirola B, Pollo B, Magrassi L, Bruzzone MG, Rigamonti D et al (2000) Gene therapy of experimental brain tumors using neural progenitor cells. Nat Med 6 : 447 450.
9. Bennett H, Godlee R (1884) Excision of a tumour from the brain. Lancet 2 : 1090 1091.
10. Bonfanti L, Peretto P (2007) Radial glial origin of the adult neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Prog Neurobiol 83 : 24 36.
11. Bonnet D, Dick JE (1997) Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 3 : 730 737.
12. Boveri T (1914) Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Gustav Fisher : Jena.
13. Brat DJ, Scheithauer BW, Staugaitis SM, Cortez SC, Brecher K, Burger PC (1998) Third ventricular chordoid glioma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57 : 283 290.
14. Bruggeman SW, Valk-Lingbeek ME, van der Stoop PP, Jacobs JJ, Kieboom K, Tanger E et al (2005) Ink4a and Arf differentially affect cell proliferation and neural stem cell self-renewal in Bmi1-deficient mice. Genes Dev 19 : 1438 1443.
15. Cairncross JG, Ueki K, Zlatescu MC, Lisle DK, Finkelstein DM, Hammond RR et al (1998) Specific genetic predictors of chemotherapeutic response and survival in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 90 : 1473 1479.
16. Cayouette M, Raff M (2002) Asymmetric segregation of Numb: a mechanism for neural specification from Drosophila to mammals. Nat Neurosci 5 : 1265 1269.
17. Copeland DD, Talley FA, Bigner DD (1976) The fine structure of intracranial neoplasms induced by the inoculation of avian sarcoma virus in neonatal and adult rats. Am J Pathol 83 : 149 176.
18. Dai C, Celestino JC, Okada Y, Louis DN, Fuller GN, Holland EC (2001) PDGF autocrine stimulation dedifferentiates cultured astrocytes and induces oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas from neural progenitors and astrocytes in vivo. Genes Dev 15 : 1913 1925.
19. Daumas-Duport C, Scheithauer B, O'Fallon J, Kelly P (1988) Grading of astrocytomas. A simple and reproducible method. Cancer 62 : 2152 2165.
20. Di Marcotullio L, Ferretti E, Greco A, De Smaele E, Po A, Sico MA et al (2006) Numb is a suppressor of Hedgehog signalling and targets Gli1 for Itch-dependent ubiquitination. Nat Cell Biol 8 : 1415 1423.
21. Doetsch F, Caille I, Lim DA, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (1999) Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 97 : 703 716.
22. Druckrey H, Ivankovic S, Preussmann R (1966) Teratogenic and carcinogenic effects in the offspring after single injection of ethylnitrosourea to pregnant rats. Nature 210 : 1378 1379.
23. Duerr EM, Rollbrocker B, Hayashi Y, Peters N, Meyer-Puttlitz B, Louis DN et al (1998) PTEN mutations in gliomas and glioneuronal tumors. Oncogene 16 : 2259 2264.
24. Ekdahl CT, Claasen JH, Bonde S, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2003) Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 : 13632 13637.
25. Fan X, Matsui W, Khaki L, Stearns D, Chun J, Li YM, Eberhart CG (2006) Notch pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cells and blocks engraftment in embryonal brain tumors. Cancer Res 66 : 7445 7452.
26. Fleury H, Pasquier PD (1977) Replication of measles virus in a cell culture from a glioblastoma of human origin. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 36 : 842 845.
27. Gage FH (2002) Neurogenesis in the adult brain. J Neurosci 22 : 612 613.
28. Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S et al (2004) Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 64 : 7011 7021.
29. Garcion E, Halilagic A, Faissner A, ffrench-Constant C (2004) Generation of an environmental niche for neural stem cell development by the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin C. Development 131 : 3423 3432.
30. Gerber P, Kirschstein RL (1962) SV40-induced ependymomas in newborn hamsters. I. Virus-tumour relationships. Virology 18 : 582 588.
31. Goodell MA, Brose K, Paradis G, Conner AS, Mulligan RC (1996) Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo. J Exp Med 183 : 1797 1806.
32. Griffin CA, Burger P, Morsberger L, Yonescu R, Swierczynski S, Weingart JD, Murphy KM (2006) Identification of der(1;19)(q10;p10) in five oligodendrogliomas suggests mechanism of concurrent 1p and 19q loss. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65 : 988 994.
33. Grosser BI (1966) 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid metabolism by mouse brain and glioma 261. J Neurochem 13 : 475 478.
34. Groszer M, Erickson R, Scripture-Adams DD, Lesche R, Trumpp A, Zack JA et al (2001) Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumour suppressor gene in vivo. Science 294 : 2186 2189.
35. Haeckel E (1874) Anthropogenie, 1st edn. Engelmann Wilhelm : Leipzig.
36. Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, Hamou MF, de Tribolet N, Weller M et al (2005) MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352 : 997 1003.
37. Hemmati HD, Nakano I, Lazareff JA, Masterman-Smith M, Geschwind DH, Bronner-Fraser M, Kornblum HI (2003) Cancerous stem cells can arise from pediatric brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 : 15178 15183.
38. Hirschmann-Jax C, Foster AE, Wulf GG, Nuchtern JG, Jax TW, Gobel U et al (2004) A distinct "side population" of cells with high drug efflux capacity in human tumour cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 : 14228 14233.
39. Hitoshi S, Alexson T, Tropepe V, Donoviel D, Elia AJ, Nye JS et al (2002) Notch pathway molecules are essential for the maintenance, but not the generation, of mammalian neural stem cells. Genes Dev 16 : 846 858.
40. Ignatova TN, Kukekov VG, Laywell ED, Suslov ON, Vrionis FD, Steindler DA (2002) Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro. Glia 39 : 193 206.
41. Jenkins RB, Blair H, Ballman KV, Giannini C, Arusell RM, Law M et al (2006) A t(1;19)(q10;p10) mediates the combined deletions of 1p and 19q and predicts a better prognosis of patients with oligodendroglioma. Cancer Res 66 : 9852 9861.
42. Jonas S, Bechstein WO, Lemmens HP, Neuhaus R, Thalmann U, Neuhaus P (1996) Liver graft-transmitted glioblastoma multiforme. A case report and experience with 13 multiorgan donors suffering from primary cerebral neoplasia. Transpl Int 9 : 426 429.
43. Karak AK, Singh R, Tandon PN, Sarkar C (2000) A comparative survival evaluation and assessment of interclassification concordance in adult supratentorial astrocytic tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 6 : 46 52.
44. Kepes JJ, Rubinstein LJ, Eng LF (1979) Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a distinctive meningocerebral glioma of young subjects with relatively favorable prognosis. A study of 12 cases. Cancer 44 : 1839 1852.
45. Kernohan JW, Mabon RF, Svien HJ, Adson AW (1949) A simplified classification of gliomas. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 24 : 71 75.
46. Kim M, Morshead CM (2003) Distinct populations of forebrain neural stem and progenitor cells can be isolated using side-population analysis. J Neurosci 23 : 10703 10709.
47. Lee CY, Robinson KJ, Doe CQ (2006) Lgl, Pins and aPKC regulate neuroblast self-renewal versus differentiation. Nature 439 : 594 598.
48. Leung C, Lingbeek M, Shakhova O, Liu J, Tanger E, Saremaslani P et al (2004) Bmi1 is essential for cerebellar development and is overexpressed in human medulloblastomas. Nature 428 : 337 341.
49. Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Desire L, Mira H, Consiglio A et al (2005) Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nature 437 : 1370 1375.
50. Limoli CL, Giedzinski E, Rola R, Otsuka S, Palmer TD, Fike JR (2004) Radiation response of neural precursor cells: linking cellular sensitivity to cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Radiat Res 161 : 17 27.
51. Limoli CL, Rola R, Giedzinski E, Mantha S, Huang TT, Fike JR (2004) Cell-density-dependent regulation of neural precursor cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 : 16052 16057.
52. Liu G, Yuan X, Zeng Z, Tunici P, Ng H, Abdulkadir IR et al (2006) Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer 5 : 67.
53. Louis D, Ohgaki H, Wiestler O, Cavenee W (2007) World health organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system. In : World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. F Bosman, E Jaffe, S Lakhani, H Ohgaki (eds). IARC : Lyon.
54. Maher EA, Brennan C, Wen PY, Durso L, Ligon KL, Richardson A et al (2006) Marked genomic differences characterize primary and secondary glioblastoma subtypes and identify two distinct molecular and clinical secondary glioblastoma entities. Cancer Res 66 : 11502 11513.
55. Marino S (2005) Medulloblastoma: developmental mechanisms out of control. Trends Mol Med 11 : 17 22.
56. Merkle FT, Tramontin AD, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (2004) Radial glia give rise to adult neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 : 17528 17532.
57. Mitts MG, Walker AE (1964) Autotransplantation of gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 23 : 324 333.
58. Molofsky AV, Pardal R, Iwashita T, Park IK, Clarke MF, Morrison SJ (2003) Bmi-1 dependence distinguishes neural stem cell self-renewal from progenitor proliferation. Nature 425 : 962 967.
59. Molofsky AV, Slutsky SG, Joseph NM, He S, Pardal R, Krishnamurthy J et al (2006) Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing. Nature 443 : 448 452.
60. Monje ML, Mizumatsu S, Fike JR, Palmer TD (2002) Irradiation induces neural precursor-cell dysfunction. Nat Med 8 : 955 962.
61. Mori T, Buffo A, Gotz M (2005) The novel roles of glial cells revisited: the contribution of radial glia and astrocytes to neurogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 69 : 67 99.
62. Morrison SJ, Kimble J (2006) Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer. Nature 441 : 1068 1074.
63. Müller J (1838) Über den feineren Bau und die Formen der Krankhaften Geschwülste. Reimer : Berlin.
64. Nutt CL, Mani D, Betensky R, Tamayo P, Cairncross J, Ladd C et al (2003) Gene expression-based classification of malignant gliomas correlates better with survival than histological classification. Cancer Res 63 : 1602 1607.
65. Olin P, Giesecke J (1998) Potential exposure to SV40 in polio vaccines used in Sweden during 1957: no impact on cancer incidence rates 1960 to 1993. Dev Biol Stand 94 : 227 233.
66. Oliver TG, Wechsler-Reya RJ (2004) Getting at the root and stem of brain tumors. Neuron 42 : 885 888.
67. Piccirillo SG, Reynolds BA, Zanetti N, Lamorte G, Binda E, Broggi G et al (2006) Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumour-initiating cells. Nature 444 : 761 765.
68. Pinto L, Gotz M (2007) Radial glial cell heterogeneity - the source of diverse progeny in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 83 : 2 23.
69. Pomeroy SL, Tamayo P, Gaasenbeek M, Sturla LM, Angelo M, McLaughlin ME et al (2002) Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature 415 : 436 442.
70. Purow BW, Haque RM, Noel MW, Su Q, Burdick MJ, Lee J et al (2005) Expression of Notch-1 and its ligands, Delta-like-1 and Jagged-1, is critical for glioma cell survival and proliferation. Cancer Res 65 : 2353 2363.
71. Ramalho-Santos M, Willenbring H (2007) On the origin of the term "Stem Cell Cell Stem Cell 1 : 35 38.
72. Ramon y Cajal S (1928) Degeneration & Regeneration of the Nervous System. University Press : Oxford.
73. Regala RP, Weems C, Jamieson L, Khoor A, Edell ES, Lohse CM, Fields AP (2005) Atypical protein kinase C iota is an oncogene in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 65 : 8905 8911.
74. Reilly KM, Loisel DA, Bronson RT, McLaughlin ME, Jacks T (2000) Nf1;Trp53 mutant mice develop glioblastoma with evidence of strain-specific effects. Nat Genet 26 : 109 113.
75. Rencic A, Gordon J, Otte J, Curtis M, Kovatich A, Zoltick P et al (1996) Detection of JC virus DNA sequence and expression of the viral oncoprotein, tumour antigen, in brain of immunocompetent patient with oligoastrocytoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 : 7352 7357.
76. Ringertz N (1950) Grading of gliomas. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 27 : 51 64.
77. Scadden DT (2006) The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature 441 : 1075 1079.
78. Schmitt HP, Oberwittler C (1992) Computer-aided classification of malignancy in astrocytomas. II. The value of categorically evaluated histologic and non-histologic features for a numerical classifier. Anal Cell Pathol 4 : 409 419.
79. Serano RD, Pegram CN, Bigner DD (1980) Tumorigenic cell culture lines from a spontaneous VM/Dk murine astrocytoma (SMA). Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 51 : 53 64.
80. Sharma MK, Mansur DB, Reifenberger G, Perry A, Leonard JR, Aldape KD et al (2007) Distinct genetic signatures among pilocytic astrocytomas relate to their brain region origin. Cancer Res 67 : 890 900.
81. Shen Q, Goderie SK, Jin L, Karanth N, Sun Y, Abramova N et al (2004) Endothelial cells stimulate self-renewal and expand neurogenesis of neural stem cells. Science 304 : 1338 1340.
82. Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J, Dirks PB (2003) Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 63 : 5821 5828.
83. Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T et al (2004) Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 432 : 396 401.
84. Tabuchi K, Kirsch WM, Van Buskirk JJ (1978) Immunocytochemical evidence of SV 40-related T antigen in two human brain tumours of ependymal origin. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 43 : 239 249.
85. Tang C, Chua CL, Ang BT (2007) Insights into the cancer stem cell model of glioma tumorigenesis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 36 : 352 356.
86. Taylor MD, Poppleton H, Fuller C, Su X, Liu Y, Jensen P et al (2005) Radial glia cells are candidate stem cells of ependymoma. Cancer Cell 8 : 323 335.
87. Tramontin AD, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Lim DA, Alvarez-Buylla A (2003) Postnatal development of radial glia and the ventricular zone (VZ): a continuum of the neural stem cell compartment. Cereb Cortex 13 : 580 587.
88. Tso CL, Freije WA, Day A, Chen Z, Merriman B, Perlina A et al (2006) Distinct transcription profiles of primary and secondary glioblastoma subgroups. Cancer Res 66 : 159 167.
89. Uchida N, Buck DW, He D, Reitsma MJ, Masek M, Phan TV et al (2000) Direct isolation of human central nervous system stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 : 14720 14725.
90. Ueki K, Ono Y, Henson JW, von Deimling A, Louis DN (1996) CDKN2/p16 or RB alterations occur in the majority of glioblastomas and are inversely correlated. Cancer Res 56 : 150 153.
91. Van Der Horst L (1955) Application of the field theory to gliomata. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 14 : 369 375.
92. Verdi JM, Bashirullah A, Goldhawk DE, Kubu CJ, Jamali M, Meakin SO, Lipshitz HD (1999) Distinct human NUMB isoforms regulate differentiation vs. proliferation in the neuronal lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 : 10472 10476.
93. von Deimling A, Eibl RH, Ohgaki H, Louis DN, Von Ammon K, Petersen I et al (1992) p53 mutations are associated with 17p allelic loss in grade II and grade III astrocytoma. Cancer Res 52 : 2987 2990.
94. Wakamatsu Y, Maynard TM, Jones SU, Weston JA (1999) NUMB localizes in the basal cortex of mitotic avian neuroepithelial cells and modulates neuronal differentiation by binding to NOTCH-1. Neuron 23 : 71 81.
95. Weigert C (1895) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der normalen meschlichen Neuroglia. Diesterweg : Frankfurt.
96. Wiestler OD, Aguzzi A, Schneemann M, Eibl R, von Deimling A, Kleihues P (1992) Oncogene complementation in fetal brain transplants. Cancer Res 52 : 3760 3767.
97. Willis R (1953) Pathology of Tumours. Butterworth and Company : London.
98. Zang KD, Singer H (1967) Chromosomal constitution of meningiomas. Nature 216 : 84 85.
99. Zhang R, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhang L, Robin A, Wang Y et al (2004) Stroke transiently increases subventricular zone cell division from asymmetric to symmetric and increases neuronal differentiation in the adult rat. J Neurosci 24 : 5810 5815.
100. Zhou S, Schuetz JD, Bunting KD, Colapietro AM, Sampath J, Morris JJ et al (2001) The ABC transporter Bcrp1/ABCG2 is expressed in a wide variety of stem cells and is a molecular determinant of the side-population phenotype. Nat Med 7 : 1028 1034.
101. Zhu Y, Guignard F, Zhao D, Liu L, Burns DK, Mason RP et al (2005) Early inactivation of p53 tumour suppressor gene cooperating with NF1 loss induces malignant astrocytoma. Cancer Cell 8 : 119 130.
102. Zu Rhein GM (1983) Studies of JC virus-induced nervous system tumors in the Syrian hamster: a review. Prog Clin Biol Res 105 : 205 221.
103. Zulch K (1986) Brain Tumors. Their Biology and Pathology, 3rd edn. Springer Verlag : Berlin.
104. Zülch KJ (1979) Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. World Health Organization : Geneva.