메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 259-276

Keeping your headcount when all about you are losing theirs: Downsizing, voluntary turnover rates, and the moderating role of HR practices

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 44449126611     PISSN: 00014273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/AMJ.2008.31767250     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (262)

References (80)
  • 3
    • 1842741826 scopus 로고
    • Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover
    • Arthur, J. B. 1994. Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 670-687.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , pp. 670-687
    • Arthur, J.B.1
  • 4
    • 0036018695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing customer services: Human resource practices, quit rates, and sales growth
    • Batt, R. 2002. Managing customer services: Human resource practices, quit rates, and sales growth. Academy of Management Journal, 45: 587-597.
    • (2002) Academy of Management Journal , vol.45 , pp. 587-597
    • Batt, R.1
  • 5
    • 0040669602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employee voice, human resource practices, and quit rates: Evidence from the telecommunications industry
    • Batt, R., Colvin, A. J. S., & Keefe, J. 2002. Employee voice, human resource practices, and quit rates: Evidence from the telecommunications industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 55: 573-594.
    • (2002) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.55 , pp. 573-594
    • Batt, R.1    Colvin, A.J.S.2    Keefe, J.3
  • 6
    • 0037968358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human resources practices as predictors of work-family outcomes and employee turnover
    • Batt, R., & Valcour, M. 2003. Human resources practices as predictors of work-family outcomes and employee turnover. Industrial Relations, 42: 189-220.
    • (2003) Industrial Relations , vol.42 , pp. 189-220
    • Batt, R.1    Valcour, M.2
  • 7
    • 0000983012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group size, ICC values, and group-level correlations: A simulation
    • Bliese, P. D. 1998, Group size, ICC values, and group-level correlations: A simulation. Organizational Research Methods, 1: 355-373.
    • (1998) Organizational Research Methods , vol.1 , pp. 355-373
    • Bliese, P.D.1
  • 8
    • 0000648409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 100 best companies to work for in America
    • Branch, S. 1999. The 100 best companies to work for in America. Fortune, 139: 118-130.
    • (1999) Fortune , vol.139 , pp. 118-130
    • Branch, S.1
  • 10
    • 0000727869 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of survivors' job involvement following layoffs: A field study
    • Brockner, J., Grover, S. L., & Blonder, M. D. 1988. Predictors of survivors' job involvement following layoffs: A field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73: 436-442.
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 436-442
    • Brockner, J.1    Grover, S.L.2    Blonder, M.D.3
  • 11
    • 0030240445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures
    • Brockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. 1996. An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120: 189-208.
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.120 , pp. 189-208
    • Brockner, J.1    Wiesenfeld, B.M.2
  • 12
    • 85036956316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cappelli, P. 2000. Examining the incidence of downsizing and its effect on establishment performance. In D. Neumark (Ed.), On the job: Is long-term employment a thing of the past? 463-516. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • Cappelli, P. 2000. Examining the incidence of downsizing and its effect on establishment performance. In D. Neumark (Ed.), On the job: Is long-term employment a thing of the past? 463-516. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • 13
    • 0002434411 scopus 로고
    • Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A test of the Muchinsky model
    • Carsten, J. M., & Spector, P. E. 1987. Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A test of the Muchinsky model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72: 374-381.
    • (1987) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 374-381
    • Carsten, J.M.1    Spector, P.E.2
  • 14
    • 0001859907 scopus 로고
    • Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned?
    • Caseio, W. F. 1993. Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned? Academy of Management Executive, 7(1): 95-104.
    • (1993) Academy of Management Executive , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-104
    • Caseio, W.F.1
  • 17
    • 0036704392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for responsible restructuring
    • Cascio, W. F. 2002b. Strategies for responsible restructuring. Academy of Management Executive, 16(3): 80-91.
    • (2002) Academy of Management Executive , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 80-91
    • Cascio, W.F.1
  • 18
    • 1942506760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of downsizing practices on the performance of hospitals
    • Chadwick, C., Hunter, L. W., & Walston, S. L. 2004. Effects of downsizing practices on the performance of hospitals. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 405-427.
    • (2004) Strategic Management Journal , vol.25 , pp. 405-427
    • Chadwick, C.1    Hunter, L.W.2    Walston, S.L.3
  • 22
    • 0000400962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: Implications for research
    • Delery, J. E. 1998. Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: Implications for research. Human Resource Management Review, 8: 289-309.
    • (1998) Human Resource Management Review , vol.8 , pp. 289-309
    • Delery, J.E.1
  • 23
    • 0000441868 scopus 로고
    • Procedural justice: An interpretive analysis of personnel systems
    • K. H. G. Ferris Ed, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
    • Folger, R., & Greenberg, J. 1985. Procedural justice: An interpretive analysis of personnel systems. In K. H. G. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management, vol. 3: 141-183. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
    • (1985) Research in personnel and human resources management , vol.3 , pp. 141-183
    • Folger, R.1    Greenberg, J.2
  • 24
    • 0348229174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the 100 best better? An empirical investigation of the relationship between being a "great place to work" and firm performance
    • Fulmer, I. S., Gerhart, B., & Scott, K. S. 2003. Are the 100 best better? An empirical investigation of the relationship between being a "great place to work" and firm performance. Personnel Psychology, 56: 965-993.
    • (2003) Personnel Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 965-993
    • Fulmer, I.S.1    Gerhart, B.2    Scott, K.S.3
  • 25
    • 0000446179 scopus 로고
    • Voluntary turnover and alternative job opportunities
    • Gerhart, B. 1990. Voluntary turnover and alternative job opportunities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 467-476.
    • (1990) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 467-476
    • Gerhart, B.1
  • 26
    • 0030300586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment variability under different managerial compensation systems
    • Gerhart, B., & Trevor, C O. 1996. Employment variability under different managerial compensation systems. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 1692-1712.
    • (1996) Academy of Management Journal , vol.39 , pp. 1692-1712
    • Gerhart, B.1    Trevor, C.O.2
  • 27
    • 3042674968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is high employee turnover really harmful? An empirical test using company records
    • Glebbeek, A. C., & Bax, E. H. 2004. Is high employee turnover really harmful? An empirical test using company records. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 277-286.
    • (2004) Academy of Management Journal , vol.47 , pp. 277-286
    • Glebbeek, A.C.1    Bax, E.H.2
  • 28
    • 0001192569 scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research
    • Glick, W. H. 1985. Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research. Academy of Management Review 10: 601-616.
    • (1985) Academy of Management Review , vol.10 , pp. 601-616
    • Glick, W.H.1
  • 29
    • 0035529301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: Evidence from New Zealand
    • Guthrie, J. P. 2001. High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: Evidence from New Zealand. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 180-190.
    • (2001) Academy of Management Journal , vol.44 , pp. 180-190
    • Guthrie, J.P.1
  • 31
    • 0000360064 scopus 로고
    • Turnover functionality versus turnover frequency: A note on work attitudes and organizational effectiveness
    • Hollenbeck, J. R., & Williams, C. R. 1986. Turnover functionality versus turnover frequency: A note on work attitudes and organizational effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 606-611.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 606-611
    • Hollenbeck, J.R.1    Williams, C.R.2
  • 32
    • 25444511336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shocks as causes of turnover: What they are and how organizations can manage them
    • Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Inderrieden, E. J. 2005. Shocks as causes of turnover: What they are and how organizations can manage them. Human Resource Management, 44: 337-352.
    • (2005) Human Resource Management , vol.44 , pp. 337-352
    • Holtom, B.C.1    Mitchell, T.R.2    Lee, T.W.3    Inderrieden, E.J.4
  • 33
    • 58149205072 scopus 로고
    • A Meta-analytical structural equations analysis of a model of employee turnover
    • Horn, P. W., Caranikas-Walker, F., & Prussia, G. E. 1992. A Meta-analytical structural equations analysis of a model of employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77: 890-909.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 890-909
    • Horn, P.W.1    Caranikas-Walker, F.2    Prussia, G.E.3
  • 34
    • 13144250328 scopus 로고
    • The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance
    • Huselid, M. 1995. The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38: 635-672.
    • (1995) Academy of Management Journal , vol.38 , pp. 635-672
    • Huselid, M.1
  • 35
    • 0038566279 scopus 로고
    • The business case for work-family programs
    • Johnson, A. A. 1995. The business case for work-family programs. Journal of Accountancy, 180: 53-57.
    • (1995) Journal of Accountancy , vol.180 , pp. 53-57
    • Johnson, A.A.1
  • 36
    • 33646558910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sure everyone can be replaced , . . but at what cost? Turnover as a predictor of unit-level performance
    • Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Rooy, D. L. V., Steilberg, R. C., & Cerrone, S. 2006. Sure everyone can be replaced , . . but at what cost? Turnover as a predictor of unit-level performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49: 133-144.
    • (2006) Academy of Management Journal , vol.49 , pp. 133-144
    • Kacmar, K.M.1    Andrews, M.C.2    Rooy, D.L.V.3    Steilberg, R.C.4    Cerrone, S.5
  • 37
    • 0038586546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downsizing survival: The experience of work and organizational commitment
    • Knudsen, H. K., Johnson, J. A., Martin, J. K., & Roman, P. M. 2003. Downsizing survival: The experience of work and organizational commitment. Sociological Inquiry, 73: 265-283.
    • (2003) Sociological Inquiry , vol.73 , pp. 265-283
    • Knudsen, H.K.1    Johnson, J.A.2    Martin, J.K.3    Roman, P.M.4
  • 38
    • 44449119841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After the jobless recovery, a war for talent
    • Lavelle, L. 2003. After the jobless recovery, a war for talent. BusinessWeek, 3851: 92-92.
    • (2003) BusinessWeek , vol.3851 , pp. 92-92
    • Lavelle, L.1
  • 39
    • 85036953391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding voluntary turnover: Path-specific job satisfaction effects and the importance of unsolicited job offers
    • In press
    • Lee, T. H., Gerhart, B., Weller, I., & Trevor, C. O. In press. Understanding voluntary turnover: Path-specific job satisfaction effects and the importance of unsolicited job offers. Academy of Management Journal.
    • Academy of Management Journal
    • Lee, T.H.1    Gerhart, B.2    Weller, I.3    Trevor, C.O.4
  • 40
    • 0009000298 scopus 로고
    • An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover
    • Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. 1994. An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19: 51-89.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Review , vol.19 , pp. 51-89
    • Lee, T.W.1    Mitchell, T.R.2
  • 41
    • 8644274812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover
    • Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. 2004. The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 711-722.
    • (2004) Academy of Management Journal , vol.47 , pp. 711-722
    • Lee, T.W.1    Mitchell, T.R.2    Sablynski, C.J.3    Burton, J.P.4    Holtom, B.C.5
  • 43
    • 0033249243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development
    • Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. 1999. The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development. Academy of Management Review, 24: 31-48.
    • (1999) Academy of Management Review , vol.24 , pp. 31-48
    • Lepak, D.P.1    Snell, S.A.2
  • 44
    • 0001787903 scopus 로고
    • What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships
    • M. G. K. Gergen & R. Willis Eds, New York: Plenum
    • Leventhal, G. S. 1980. What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships. In M. G. K. Gergen & R. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: 27-55. New York: Plenum.
    • (1980) Social exchange , pp. 27-55
    • Leventhal, G.S.1
  • 45
    • 0000213144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 100 best companies to work for
    • Levering, R., & Moskowitz, M. 2000. The 100 best companies to work for. Fortune, 141: 82-110.
    • (2000) Fortune , vol.141 , pp. 82-110
    • Levering, R.1    Moskowitz, M.2
  • 47
    • 0038136104 scopus 로고
    • Corporate surveys can't find a productivity revolution, either
    • Madrick, J. 1995. Corporate surveys can't find a productivity revolution, either, Challenge, 38(6): 31-34.
    • (1995) Challenge , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 31-34
    • Madrick, J.1
  • 49
    • 0011995589 scopus 로고
    • Managing turnover strategically
    • Martin, D. C., & Bartol, K. M. 1985. Managing turnover strategically. Personnel Administrator, 30(11): 63-73.
    • (1985) Personnel Administrator , vol.30 , Issue.11 , pp. 63-73
    • Martin, D.C.1    Bartol, K.M.2
  • 50
    • 0035649754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turn-over and organizational performance: A comparative analysis of the effects of voluntary, involuntary, and reduction-in-force turnover
    • McElroy, J. C., Morrow, P. C., & Rude, S. N. 2001. Turn-over and organizational performance: A comparative analysis of the effects of voluntary, involuntary, and reduction-in-force turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 1294-1299.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 1294-1299
    • McElroy, J.C.1    Morrow, P.C.2    Rude, S.N.3
  • 51
    • 0032383110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: The role of trust, empowerment, justice, and work redesign
    • Mishra, A. K., & Spreitzer, G. M. 1998. Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing: The role of trust, empowerment, justice, and work redesign. Academy of Management Review, 23: 567-588.
    • (1998) Academy of Management Review , vol.23 , pp. 567-588
    • Mishra, A.K.1    Spreitzer, G.M.2
  • 52
    • 1142270681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy
    • Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., & Lee, T. W. 2001. How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy. Academy of Management Executive, 15(4): 96-108.
    • (2001) Academy of Management Executive , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 96-108
    • Mitchell, T.R.1    Holtom, B.C.2    Lee, T.W.3
  • 54
    • 85047289766 scopus 로고
    • Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover
    • Mobley, W. H. 1977. Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62: 237-240.
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 237-240
    • Mobley, W.H.1
  • 55
    • 3543013021 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors-Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship
    • Moorman, R. H. 1991. Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors-Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76: 845-855.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 845-855
    • Moorman, R.H.1
  • 58
    • 84985275062 scopus 로고
    • Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm
    • Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. 1994. Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15: 245-259.
    • (1994) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.15 , pp. 245-259
    • Robinson, S.L.1    Rousseau, D.M.2
  • 59
    • 0002745670 scopus 로고
    • Regression standard errors in clustered samples
    • Rogers, W. 1993. Regression standard errors in clustered samples. Stata Technical Bulletin, 13: 19-23.
    • (1993) Stata Technical Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 19-23
    • Rogers, W.1
  • 60
    • 0000313756 scopus 로고
    • Contextual variables in employee performance-turnover relationships
    • Schwab, D. P. 1991. Contextual variables in employee performance-turnover relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 966-975.
    • (1991) Academy of Management Journal , vol.34 , pp. 966-975
    • Schwab, D.P.1
  • 61
    • 0000375258 scopus 로고
    • Theories and research in personnel and human resource management
    • K. R. G. Ferris Ed, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
    • Schwab, D. P., Rynes, S. L., & Aldag, R. J. 1987. Theories and research in personnel and human resource management. In K. R. G. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resource management, vol. 5: 129-166. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
    • (1987) Research in personnel and human resource management , vol.5 , pp. 129-166
    • Schwab, D.P.1    Rynes, S.L.2    Aldag, R.J.3
  • 63
    • 14944343295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational performance
    • Shaw, J. D., Gupta, N., & Delery, J. E. 2005. Alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between voluntary turnover and organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48: 50-68.
    • (2005) Academy of Management Journal , vol.48 , pp. 50-68
    • Shaw, J.D.1    Gupta, N.2    Delery, J.E.3
  • 64
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. 1979. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86: 420-428.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 65
    • 0038795459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why managers should care about fairness: The effects of aggregate justice perceptions on organizational outcomes
    • Simons, T., & Roberson, Q. 2003. Why managers should care about fairness: The effects of aggregate justice perceptions on organizational outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 432-443.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 432-443
    • Simons, T.1    Roberson, Q.2
  • 66
    • 0002037905 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models
    • S. Leinhart Ed, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
    • Sobel, M. E. 1982. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology: 290-312. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1982) Sociological methodology , pp. 290-312
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 69
    • 0347599172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it worth it to win the talent war? Evaluating the utility of performance pay
    • Sturman, M. C., Trevor, C. O., Boudreau, J. W., & Gerhart, B. 2003. Is it worth it to win the talent war? Evaluating the utility of performance pay. Personnel Psychology, 56: 997-1035.
    • (2003) Personnel Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 997-1035
    • Sturman, M.C.1    Trevor, C.O.2    Boudreau, J.W.3    Gerhart, B.4
  • 71
    • 0037297962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships among supervisors' and subordinates' procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors
    • Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. 2003. Relationships among supervisors' and subordinates' procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 97-105.
    • (2003) Academy of Management Journal , vol.46 , pp. 97-105
    • Tepper, B.J.1    Taylor, E.C.2
  • 72
    • 84993021371 scopus 로고
    • Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytical findings
    • Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. 1993, Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytical findings. Personnel Psychology, 46: 259-293.
    • (1993) Personnel Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 259-293
    • Tett, R.P.1    Meyer, J.P.2
  • 73
    • 33846269984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extension of uncertainty management theory to the self: The relationship between justice, social comparison orientation, and antisocial work behaviors
    • Thau, S., Aquino, K., & Wittek, R. 2007. An extension of uncertainty management theory to the self: The relationship between justice, social comparison orientation, and antisocial work behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 250-258.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 250-258
    • Thau, S.1    Aquino, K.2    Wittek, R.3
  • 74
    • 0000175291 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables
    • Tobin, J. 1958. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica, 26: 24-36.
    • (1958) Econometrica , vol.26 , pp. 24-36
    • Tobin, J.1
  • 75
    • 0035536261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among actual ease-of-movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover
    • Trevor, C. O. 2001. Interactions among actual ease-of-movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 621-638.
    • (2001) Academy of Management Journal , vol.44 , pp. 621-638
    • Trevor, C.O.1
  • 76
    • 0031529156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary turnover and job performance: Curvilinearity and the moderating influences of salary growth and promotions
    • Trevor, C. O., Gerhart, B., & Boudreau, J. W. 1997, Voluntary turnover and job performance: Curvilinearity and the moderating influences of salary growth and promotions. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 82:44-61.
    • (1997) Journal ofApplied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 44-61
    • Trevor, C.O.1    Gerhart, B.2    Boudreau, J.W.3
  • 77
    • 33749381142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A contingent view of reactions to objective pay conditions: Interdependence among pay structure characteristics and pay relative to internal and external referents
    • Trevor, C. O., & Wazeter, D. 2006. A contingent view of reactions to objective pay conditions: Interdependence among pay structure characteristics and pay relative to internal and external referents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 1260-1275.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 1260-1275
    • Trevor, C.O.1    Wazeter, D.2
  • 78
    • 0000095552 scopus 로고
    • A heteroskedasticity-consistent matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity
    • White, H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48: 817-838.
    • (1980) Econometrica , vol.48 , pp. 817-838
    • White, H.1
  • 79
    • 0001119317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do "high commitment" human resource practices affect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling
    • Whitener, E. M. 2001. Do "high commitment" human resource practices affect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Management, 27: 515-535.
    • (2001) Journal of Management , vol.27 , pp. 515-535
    • Whitener, E.M.1
  • 80
    • 33751257142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-involvement management and workforce reduction: Advantage or disadvantage
    • Zatzik, C. D., & Iverson, R. D. 2006. High-involvement management and workforce reduction: Advantage or disadvantage. Academy of Management Journal, 49: 999-1015.
    • (2006) Academy of Management Journal , vol.49 , pp. 999-1015
    • Zatzik, C.D.1    Iverson, R.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.