Nutrition and colonic health: The critical role of the microbiota

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 51-58

  O'Keefe, Stephen J D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Colonic metabolism; Diet; Microbiota; Nutrition

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; CALCIUM; DNA 16S; FOLIC ACID; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; RETINOL; SELENIUM; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLON CANCER; COLON DISEASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTOXICITY; HEALTH STATUS; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HOST; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINE MUCOSA; MEAT; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; REVIEW; SMALL INTESTINE; SYMBIOSIS;

AFRICA; BACTERIA; COLON; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; DIET; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; INTESTINAL ABSORPTION; MICROBIOME; RISK FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 36549075219     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f323f3     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. O'Keefe SJ. The colon as a metabolic organ. S Afr Med J 1994; 84:376-377.
2. Roediger WEW. Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon. Gastroenterology 1982; 83:424-429.
3. Harig JM, Soergel KH, Komorowski RA, Wood CM. Treatment of diversion colitis with short-chain-fatty acid irrigation. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:23-28.
4. Roy CC, Kien CL, Bouthillier L, Levy E. Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time? Nutr Clin Pract 2006; 21:351-366.
5. Ley RE, Peterson DA, Gordon JI. Ecological and evolutionary forces shaping microbial diversity in the human intestine. Cell 2006; 124:837-848. Fascinating review of the diversity of the microbiome and the ways in which it can now be measured.
6. Zoetendal EG, Vaughan EE, de Vos WM. A microbial world within us. Mol Microbiol 2006; 59:1639-1650.
7. Rajilic-Stojanovic M, Smidt H, de Vos WM. Diversity of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota revisited. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:2125-2136. The integration of data from cultivation-based studies and molecular inventories of small subunit (SSU) rRNA diversity is presented here for the first time, providing a systematic framework of the microbial diversity in the human gastrointestinal tract of more than 1000 different species-level phylogenetic types.
8. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, et al. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 2006; 444:1027-1031. Differences in the colonic microbiota of lean and obese mice and humans, with changes in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, result in increased capacity of the host to harvest energy from the diet.
9. Nordgaard I, Mortensen PB. Digestive processes in the human colon. Nutrition 1995; 11:37-45.
10. Shanahan F. The host-microbe interface within the gut. Best Pract Res Gastroenterol 2002; 16:915-931.
11. Kim TH, Yang J, Darling PB, O'Connor DL. A large pool of available folate exists in the large intestine of human infants and piglets. J Nutr 2004; 134:1389-1394.
12. Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001; 411:603-606.
13. Erlinger TP, Platz EA, Rifai N, Helzlsouer KJ. C-reactive protein and the risk of incident colorectal cancer. JAMA 2004; 291:585-590.
14. Mager DL. Bacteria and cancer: cause, coincidence or cure? A review. J Transl Med 2006; 4:14.
15. Attene-Ramos MS, Wagner ED, Gaskins HR, Plewa MJ. Hydrogen sulfide induces direct radical-associated DNA damage. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:455-459. New evidence of the genotoxicity of fecal hydrogen sulfide.
16. Burkitt DP. Epidemiology of large bowel diseases: the role of fibre. Proc Nutr Soc 1973; 32:145-149.
17. Sharma S, O'Keefe SJD. Environmental influences on the high mortality from colorectal cancer in African Americans. Postgrad Med J 2007; 83:583-589.
18. Mqoqi N, Kellet P, Sitas F, Jula M, editors. The incidence of histologically diagnosed cancer in South Africa, 1998-1999. Johannesburg: The National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service; 2004.
19. Doll R, Peto R. The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981; 66:1191-1308.
20. O'Keefe SJ, Kidd M, Espitalier-Noel G, Owira P. Rarity of colon cancer in Africans is associated with low animal product consumption, not fiber. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:1373-1380.
21. O'Keefe SJ, Chung D, Mahmoud N, et al. Why do African Americans get more colon cancer than Native Africans? J Nutr 2007; 137 (1 Suppl):175S-182S. Strong evidence for the ability of diet to influence colonic microbiota and cancer risk as measured by epithelial proliferation rate.
22. Ahmed R, Segal I, Hassan BA. Fermentation of dietary starch in humans. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1017-1020.
23. Willett WC, Meir J, Stampfer MD, et al. Relation of meat, fat, and fiber on the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1664-1672.
24. Norat T, Bingham S, Ferrari P, et al. Meat, fish, and colorectal cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into cancer and nutrition. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:906-916.
25. Sandhu MS, White IR, McPherson K. Systematic review of the prospective cohort studies on meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analytical approach. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:439-446.
26. Sesink AL, Termont DS, Kleibeuker JH, Van der Meer R. Red meat and colon cancer: dietary haem-induced colonic cytotoxicity and epithelial hyperproliferation are inhibited by calcium. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1653-1659.
27. Wu K, Giovannucci E, Byrne C, et al. Meat mutagens and risk of distal colon adenoma in a cohort of US men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1120-1125.
28. Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, et al. Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. JAMA 2005; 293:172-182.
29. Oba S, Shimizu N, Nagata C, et al. The relationship between the consumption of meat, fat, and coffee and the risk of colon cancer: a prospective study in Japan. Cancer Lett 2006; 244:260-267.
30. Armstrong B, Doll R. Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices. Int J Cancer 1975; 15:617-631.
31. Haenszel W, Kurihara M. Studies of Japanese migrants: mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1968; 40:43-68.
32. Continuing survey of food intakes by individuals: US meat consumption figures. USDA Agricultural Research Services; 2000.
33. Kim YI. Folate and DNA methylation: a mechanistic link between folate deficiency and colorectal cancer? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004; 13:511-519.
34. O'Keefe SJ, Lee RB, Li J, et al. Trypsin and splanchnic protein turnover during feeding and fasting in human subjects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:G213-G221.
35. Yu CC-W, Filipe MI. Update on proliferation associated antibodies applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and their clinical applications. Histochem J 1993; 25:843-853.
36. Nguyen KA, Cao Y, Chen RC, et al. Dietary fiber enhances a tumor suppressor signaling pathway in the gut. Ann Surg 2006; 243:619-627.
37. Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J, Lorente MD, et al. Dietary fiber down-regulates colonic TNFa and NO production in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitic rats. J Nutr 2002; 132:3263-3271.
38. Watson AJM. An overview of apoptosis and the prevention of colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 57:107-121.
39. Gibson GR, MacFarlane GT, Cummings JH. Sulphate reducing bacteria and hydrogen metabolism in the human large intestine. Gut 1993; 34:437-439.
40. McGarr SE, Ridlon JM, Hylemon PB. Diet, anaerobic bacterial metabolism, and colon cancer: a review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005; 39:98-109.
41. Christl SU, Gibson GR, Cummings JH. Role of dietary sulphate in the regulation of methanogenesis in the human large intestine. Gut 1992; 33:1234-1238.
42. Gibson GR, Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Occurrence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in human faeces and the relationship of dissimilatory sulphate reduction to methanogenesis in the large gut. J Appl Bacteriol 1988; 65:103-111.
43. Roediger WEW, Duncan A, Kapanaris O, Millard S. Sulphide impairment of substrate oxidation in rat colonocytes: a biochemical basis for ulcerative colitis? Clin Sci 1993; 85:623-627.
44. O'Keefe SJ, Thusi D, Epstein S. The fat and the thin: a survey of nutritional status and disease patterns among urbanized Black South Africans. S Afr Med J 1983; 63:679-683.
45. Reddy BS. Diet and excretion of bile acids. Cancer Res 1981; 41:3766-3768.
46. Nagengast FM, Grubben MJ, Van Munster IP. Role of bile acids in colorectal carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:1067-1070.
47. Hori T, Matsumoto K, Sakaitani Y, et al. Effect of dietary deoxycholic acid and cholesterol on fecal steroid concentration and its impact on the colonic crypt cell proliferation in azoxymethane-treated rat. Cancer Lett 1998; 124:79-84.
48. Wells JE, Berr F, Thomas LA, et al. Isolation and characterization of cholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating fecal bacteria from cholesterol gallstone patients. J Hepatol 2000; 32:4-10.
49. McMillan L, Butcher S, Wallis Y, et al. Bile acids reduce the apoptosis-inducing effects of sodium butyrate on human colon adenoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2000; 273:45-49.
50. de Vogel J, Jonker-Termont DS, van Lieshout EM, et al. Green vegetables, red meat and colon cancer: chlorophyll prevents the cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects of haem in rat colon. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:387-393.
51. Toden S, Bird AR, Topping DL, Conlon MA. Resistant starch prevents colonic DNA damage induced by high dietary cooked red meat or casein in rats. Cancer Biol Ther 2006; 5:267-272. Another important illustration of how beneficial dietary items can suppress carcinogenic factors.
52. de Boever P, Wouters R, Verschaeve L, et al. Protective effect of the bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri against bile salt cytotoxicity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 53:709-714.
53. Alberts DS, Ritenbaugh C, Story JA, et al. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of effect of wheat bran fiber and calcium on fecal bile acids in patients with resected adenomatous colon polyps. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:81-92.
54. Schatzkin A, Lanza E, Corle D, et al. Lack of effect of a low-fat, high fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1149-1155.
55. Pfeiffer R, McShane L, Wargovich M, et al. The effect of a low-fat, high fiber, fruit and vegetable intervention on rectal mucosal proliferation. Cancer 2003; 98:1161-1168.
56. Holt PR, Wolper C, Moss SF, et al. Comparison of calcium supplementation or low-fat dairy foods on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Nutr Cancer 2001; 41 (1-2):150-155.
57. Weerasooriya V, Rennie MJ, Anant S, et al. Dietary fiber decreases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and protein synthetic rates in human subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 290:E1104-E1108. An important illustration of how acute dietary change can affect biomarkers of colon cancer risk.
58. Stadler J, Stern HS, Yeung KS, et al. Effect of high fat consumption on cell proliferation activity of colorectal mucosa and on soluble faecal bile acids. Gut 1988; 29:1326-1331.
59. Parsonnet J. Bacterial infection as a cause of cancer. Environmental Health Perspect 1995; 103:263-268.
60. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 2002; 420:860-867.
61. Biarc J, Nguyen IS, Pini A, et al. Carcinogenesis properties of proteins with pro-inflammatory activity form Strep infantarius (formerly S bovis). Carcinogenesis 2006; 25:1477-1484.
62. Baron JA, Sandler RS. NSAIDs and cancer prevention. Ann Rev Med 2000; 51:511-523.