메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 679-694

Gastrointestinal perfusion in septic shock

Author keywords

Gastrointestinal blood flow; Indocyanine green; Laser Doppler flowmetry; Microcirculation; Mucosal blood flow; Near infrared spectroscopy; Orthogonal polarisation spectral imaging; Reflectance spectrophotometry; Sepsis; Shock; Splanchnic circulation; Tonometry

Indexed keywords

INDOCYANINE GREEN; LACTIC ACID;

EID: 35348812649     PISSN: 0310057X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0703500505     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (49)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 0027415523 scopus 로고
    • Unreliability of blood pressure and heart rate to evaluate cardiac output in emergency resuscitation and critical illness
    • Wo CC, Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Bishop MH, Kram HB, Hardin E. Unreliability of blood pressure and heart rate to evaluate cardiac output in emergency resuscitation and critical illness. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:218-223.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 218-223
    • Wo, C.C.1    Shoemaker, W.C.2    Appel, P.L.3    Bishop, M.H.4    Kram, H.B.5    Hardin, E.6
  • 2
    • 0031926997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the hepato-splanchnic region in the critically ill patient. Measurement techniques and clinical relevance
    • Brinkmann A, Calzia E, Trager K, Radermacher P. Monitoring the hepato-splanchnic region in the critically ill patient. Measurement techniques and clinical relevance. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24:542-556.
    • (1998) Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 542-556
    • Brinkmann, A.1    Calzia, E.2    Trager, K.3    Radermacher, P.4
  • 3
    • 0031847616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of gastric mucosal pH and clinical judgement in critically ill patients
    • Santoso JT, Wisner DH, Battistella FD, Owings JT. Comparison of gastric mucosal pH and clinical judgement in critically ill patients. Eur J Surg 1998; 164:521-526.
    • (1998) Eur J Surg , vol.164 , pp. 521-526
    • Santoso, J.T.1    Wisner, D.H.2    Battistella, F.D.3    Owings, J.T.4
  • 5
    • 34249083324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Mechanisms of critical illness - classifying microcirculatory flow abnormalities in distributive shock
    • Elbers PW, Ince C. Bench-to-bedside review: mechanisms of critical illness - classifying microcirculatory flow abnormalities in distributive shock. Crit Care 2006; 10:221.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 221
    • Elbers, P.W.1    Ince, C.2
  • 6
    • 0035209881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of splanchnic blood flow measurements in patients with sepsis - physiology, pathophysiology or measurement errors?
    • Jakob SM, Takala J. Variability of splanchnic blood flow measurements in patients with sepsis - physiology, pathophysiology or measurement errors? Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1692-1695.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1692-1695
    • Jakob, S.M.1    Takala, J.2
  • 8
    • 0032711616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gastric tonometry monitor splanchnic perfusion?
    • Creteur J, De Backer D, Vincent JL. Does gastric tonometry monitor splanchnic perfusion? Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2480-2484.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2480-2484
    • Creteur, J.1    De Backer, D.2    Vincent, J.L.3
  • 9
    • 0033709491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jejunal and gastric mucosal perfusion versus splanchnic blood flow and metabolism: An observational study on postcardiac surgical patients
    • Thorén A, Jakob SM, Pradl R, Elam M, Ricksten SE, Takala J. Jejunal and gastric mucosal perfusion versus splanchnic blood flow and metabolism: an observational study on postcardiac surgical patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:3649-3654.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3649-3654
    • Thorén, A.1    Jakob, S.M.2    Pradl, R.3    Elam, M.4    Ricksten, S.E.5    Takala, J.6
  • 10
    • 0033796625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic study of the distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs in septic shock
    • Hiltebrand LB, Krejci V, Banic A, Erni D, Wheatley AM, Sigurdsson GH. Dynamic study of the distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:3233-3241.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 3233-3241
    • Hiltebrand, L.B.1    Krejci, V.2    Banic, A.3    Erni, D.4    Wheatley, A.M.5    Sigurdsson, G.H.6
  • 11
    • 0037373495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redistribution of microcirculatory blood flow within the intestinal wall during sepsis and general anesthesia
    • Hiltebrand LB, Krejci V, tenHoevel ME, Banic A, Sigurdsson GH. Redistribution of microcirculatory blood flow within the intestinal wall during sepsis and general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003; 98:658-669.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.98 , pp. 658-669
    • Hiltebrand, L.B.1    Krejci, V.2    tenHoevel, M.E.3    Banic, A.4    Sigurdsson, G.H.5
  • 13
    • 0030663139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lazaroid improves intestinal blood flow in the rat during hyperdynamic bacteraemia
    • Krysztopik RJ, Bentley FR, Spain DA, Wilson MA, Garrison RN. Lazaroid improves intestinal blood flow in the rat during hyperdynamic bacteraemia. Br J Surg 1997; 84:1717-1721.
    • (1997) Br J Surg , vol.84 , pp. 1717-1721
    • Krysztopik, R.J.1    Bentley, F.R.2    Spain, D.A.3    Wilson, M.A.4    Garrison, R.N.5
  • 14
    • 0035102168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ischemia on intestinal permeability of lipopolysaccharides
    • Drewe J, Beglinger C, Fricker G. Effect of ischemia on intestinal permeability of lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:138-144.
    • (2001) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.31 , pp. 138-144
    • Drewe, J.1    Beglinger, C.2    Fricker, G.3
  • 15
    • 0033778316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute lung injury after hemorrhagic shock is dependent on gut injury and sex
    • discussion 912-913
    • Adams CA, Magnotti LJ, Xu DZ, Lu Q, Deitch EA. Acute lung injury after hemorrhagic shock is dependent on gut injury and sex. Am Surg 2000; 66:905-912; discussion 912-913.
    • (2000) Am Surg , vol.66 , pp. 905-912
    • Adams, C.A.1    Magnotti, L.J.2    Xu, D.Z.3    Lu, Q.4    Deitch, E.A.5
  • 16
    • 0029366301 scopus 로고
    • The gut: A cytokine-generating organ in systemic inflammation?
    • Mainous MR, Ertel W, Chaudry IH, Deitch EA. The gut: a cytokine-generating organ in systemic inflammation? Shock 1995; 4:193-199.
    • (1995) Shock , vol.4 , pp. 193-199
    • Mainous, M.R.1    Ertel, W.2    Chaudry, I.H.3    Deitch, E.A.4
  • 17
    • 0032239859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is cytotoxic to endothelial cells and activates neutrophils
    • Upperman JS, Deitch EA, Guo W, Lu Q, Xu D. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is cytotoxic to endothelial cells and activates neutrophils. Shock 1998; 10:407-414.
    • (1998) Shock , vol.10 , pp. 407-414
    • Upperman, J.S.1    Deitch, E.A.2    Guo, W.3    Lu, Q.4    Xu, D.5
  • 18
    • 0034280578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric lymph duct ligation provides long term protection against hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury
    • discussion 419-420
    • Sambol JT, Xu DZ, Adams CA, Magnotti LJ, Deitch EA. Mesenteric lymph duct ligation provides long term protection against hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury. Shock 2000; 14:416-419; discussion 419-420.
    • (2000) Shock , vol.14 , pp. 416-419
    • Sambol, J.T.1    Xu, D.Z.2    Adams, C.A.3    Magnotti, L.J.4    Deitch, E.A.5
  • 19
    • 33646887221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut-lymph hypothesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome/multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome: Validating studies in a porcine model
    • discussion 965-967
    • Senthil M, Brown M, Xu DZ, Lu Q, Feketeova E, Deitch EA. Gut-lymph hypothesis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome/multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome: validating studies in a porcine model. J Trauma 2006; 60:958-965; discussion 965-967.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , pp. 958-965
    • Senthil, M.1    Brown, M.2    Xu, D.Z.3    Lu, Q.4    Feketeova, E.5    Deitch, E.A.6
  • 20
    • 0037215466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early increase in intestinal permeability and systemic endotoxin exposure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is not associated with systemic bacterial translocation: Molecular investigation of microbial DNA in the blood
    • Ammori BJ, Fitzgerald P, Hawkey P, McMahon MJ. The early increase in intestinal permeability and systemic endotoxin exposure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis is not associated with systemic bacterial translocation: molecular investigation of microbial DNA in the blood. Pancreas 2003; 26:18-22.
    • (2003) Pancreas , vol.26 , pp. 18-22
    • Ammori, B.J.1    Fitzgerald, P.2    Hawkey, P.3    McMahon, M.J.4
  • 22
    • 0033868518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation in Pseudomonas pneumonia-induced sepsis
    • Yu P, Martin CM. Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation in Pseudomonas pneumonia-induced sepsis. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2573-2577.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 2573-2577
    • Yu, P.1    Martin, C.M.2
  • 23
    • 0037373696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis
    • Ammori BJ. Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2003; 26:122-129.
    • (2003) Pancreas , vol.26 , pp. 122-129
    • Ammori, B.J.1
  • 26
    • 0029090045 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on intestinal and pulmonary endothelial permeability
    • Sinclair DG, Haslam PL, Quinlan GJ, Pepper JR, Evans TW. The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on intestinal and pulmonary endothelial permeability. Chest 1995; 108:718-724.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 718-724
    • Sinclair, D.G.1    Haslam, P.L.2    Quinlan, G.J.3    Pepper, J.R.4    Evans, T.W.5
  • 29
    • 3042577349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic oxygen transport, hepatic function and gastrointestinal barrier after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Braun JP, Schroeder T, Buehner S, Dohmen P, Moshirzadeh M, Grosse J et al. Splanchnic oxygen transport, hepatic function and gastrointestinal barrier after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48:697-703.
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , pp. 697-703
    • Braun, J.P.1    Schroeder, T.2    Buehner, S.3    Dohmen, P.4    Moshirzadeh, M.5    Grosse, J.6
  • 30
    • 0032920487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal mucosal injury in critically ill surgical patients: Preliminary observations
    • Gollin G, Zieg PM, Cohn SM, Lieberman JM, Marks WH. Intestinal mucosal injury in critically ill surgical patients: preliminary observations. Am Surg 1999; 65:19-21.
    • (1999) Am Surg , vol.65 , pp. 19-21
    • Gollin, G.1    Zieg, P.M.2    Cohn, S.M.3    Lieberman, J.M.4    Marks, W.H.5
  • 31
    • 0036173844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small intestine intramucosal PCO(2) and microvascular blood flow during hypoxic and ischemic hypoxia
    • Neviere R, Chagnon JL, Teboul JL, Vallet B, Wattel F. Small intestine intramucosal PCO(2) and microvascular blood flow during hypoxic and ischemic hypoxia. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:379-384.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 379-384
    • Neviere, R.1    Chagnon, J.L.2    Teboul, J.L.3    Vallet, B.4    Wattel, F.5
  • 32
    • 0036882404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gap fails to reflect intestinal dysoxia in hypoxic hypoxia
    • Dubin A, Murias G, Estenssoro E, Canales H, Badie J, Pozo M et al. Intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gap fails to reflect intestinal dysoxia in hypoxic hypoxia. Crit Care 2002; 6:514-520.
    • (2002) Crit Care , vol.6 , pp. 514-520
    • Dubin, A.1    Murias, G.2    Estenssoro, E.3    Canales, H.4    Badie, J.5    Pozo, M.6
  • 33
    • 0346334646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional hypoxia and partial pressure of carbon dioxide gradients: What is the link?
    • De Backer D, Creteur J. Regional hypoxia and partial pressure of carbon dioxide gradients: what is the link? Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:2116-2118.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2116-2118
    • De Backer, D.1    Creteur, J.2
  • 34
    • 0034858023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in p(i)CO(2) reflect splanchnic mucosal ischaemia more reliably than changes in pH(i) during haemorrhagic shock
    • Meisner FG, Habler OP, Kemming GI, Kleen MS, Pape A, Messmer K. Changes in p(i)CO(2) reflect splanchnic mucosal ischaemia more reliably than changes in pH(i) during haemorrhagic shock. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2001; 386:333-338.
    • (2001) Langenbecks Arch Surg , vol.386 , pp. 333-338
    • Meisner, F.G.1    Habler, O.P.2    Kemming, G.I.3    Kleen, M.S.4    Pape, A.5    Messmer, K.6
  • 35
    • 0029666472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-arterial PCO2 difference is a better marker of ischemia than intramural pH (pHi) or arterial pH-pHi difference
    • Schlichtig R, Mehta N, Gayowski TJ. Tissue-arterial PCO2 difference is a better marker of ischemia than intramural pH (pHi) or arterial pH-pHi difference. J Crit Care 1996; 11:51-56.
    • (1996) J Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 51-56
    • Schlichtig, R.1    Mehta, N.2    Gayowski, T.J.3
  • 36
    • 0031678664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric mucosal pH is definitely obsolete - please tell us more about gastric mucosal PCO2
    • Vincent JL, Creteur J. Gastric mucosal pH is definitely obsolete - please tell us more about gastric mucosal PCO2. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1479-1481.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1479-1481
    • Vincent, J.L.1    Creteur, J.2
  • 37
    • 0028172157 scopus 로고
    • Saline PCO2 is an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH
    • Takala J, Parviainen I, Siloaho M, Ruokonen E, Hämäläinen E. Saline PCO2 is an important source of error in the assessment of gastric intramucosal pH. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1877-1879.
    • (1994) Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1877-1879
    • Takala, J.1    Parviainen, I.2    Siloaho, M.3    Ruokonen, E.4    Hämäläinen, E.5
  • 38
    • 0034085102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report from the meeting: Gastrointestinal Tonometry: State of the Art. 22nd-23rd May 1998, London, UK
    • Chapman MV, Mythen MG, Webb AR, Vincent JL. Report from the meeting: Gastrointestinal Tonometry: State of the Art. 22nd-23rd May 1998, London, UK. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:613-622.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 613-622
    • Chapman, M.V.1    Mythen, M.G.2    Webb, A.R.3    Vincent, J.L.4
  • 39
    • 0028233990 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry: Applications and findings
    • Schabauer AM, Rooke TW. Cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry: applications and findings. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69:564-574.
    • (1994) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.69 , pp. 564-574
    • Schabauer, A.M.1    Rooke, T.W.2
  • 40
    • 26444447577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion
    • Lima A, Bakker J, Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:1316-1326.
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 1316-1326
    • Lima, A.1    Bakker, J.2
  • 41
    • 0029086601 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of skin blood flow in human sepsis
    • Young JD, Cameron EM. Dynamics of skin blood flow in human sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:669-674.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 669-674
    • Young, J.D.1    Cameron, E.M.2
  • 42
    • 0035165423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jejunal mucosal perfusion is well maintained during mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in humans
    • Thoren A, Elam M, Ricksten SE. Jejunal mucosal perfusion is well maintained during mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in humans. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:5-11.
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 5-11
    • Thoren, A.1    Elam, M.2    Ricksten, S.E.3
  • 43
    • 33644591741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasopressors and intestinal mucosal perfusion after cardiac surgery: Norepinephrine vs. phenylephrine
    • Nygren A, Thoren A, Ricksten SE. Vasopressors and intestinal mucosal perfusion after cardiac surgery: Norepinephrine vs. phenylephrine. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:722-729.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 722-729
    • Nygren, A.1    Thoren, A.2    Ricksten, S.E.3
  • 44
    • 0018386993 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of hemoperfusion and oxygen sufficiency in gastric mucosa in vivo. Evidence of mucosal hypoxia as the cause of hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric mucosal lesion in rats
    • Sato N, Kamada T, Shichiri M, Kawano S, Abe H, Hagihara B. Measurement of hemoperfusion and oxygen sufficiency in gastric mucosa in vivo. Evidence of mucosal hypoxia as the cause of hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric mucosal lesion in rats. Gastroenterology 1979; 76:814-819.
    • (1979) Gastroenterology , vol.76 , pp. 814-819
    • Sato, N.1    Kamada, T.2    Shichiri, M.3    Kawano, S.4    Abe, H.5    Hagihara, B.6
  • 45
    • 3142547201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflectance spectrophotometry for the assessment of mucosal perfusion in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Friedland S, Soetikno R, Benaron D. Reflectance spectrophotometry for the assessment of mucosal perfusion in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2004; 14:539-553, ix-x.
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14
    • Friedland, S.1    Soetikno, R.2    Benaron, D.3
  • 47
    • 0036213384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver tissue oxygenation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in the critically ill child in correlation with central venous oxygen saturation
    • Schulz G, Weiss M, Bauersfeld U, Teller J, Haensse D, Bucher HU et al. Liver tissue oxygenation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in the critically ill child in correlation with central venous oxygen saturation. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:184-189.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 184-189
    • Schulz, G.1    Weiss, M.2    Bauersfeld, U.3    Teller, J.4    Haensse, D.5    Bucher, H.U.6
  • 48
    • 0032944931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of gut pH with near-infrared spectroscopy during hemorrhagic shock
    • Puyana JC, Soller BR, Zhang S, Heard SO. Continuous measurement of gut pH with near-infrared spectroscopy during hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 1999; 46:9-15.
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.46 , pp. 9-15
    • Puyana, J.C.1    Soller, B.R.2    Zhang, S.3    Heard, S.O.4
  • 49
    • 0032828956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging: A new method for study of the microcirculation
    • Groner W, Winkelman JW, Harris AG, Ince C, Bouma GJ, Messmer K et al. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging: a new method for study of the microcirculation. Nat Med 1999; 5:1209-1212.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 1209-1212
    • Groner, W.1    Winkelman, J.W.2    Harris, A.G.3    Ince, C.4    Bouma, G.J.5    Messmer, K.6
  • 50
    • 33645548973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying bedside-derived imaging of microcirculatory abnormalities in septic patients: A prospective validation study
    • Boerma EC, Mathura KR, van der Voort PH, Spronk PE, Ince C. Quantifying bedside-derived imaging of microcirculatory abnormalities in septic patients: a prospective validation study. Crit Care 2005; 9:R601-606.
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9
    • Boerma, E.C.1    Mathura, K.R.2    van der Voort, P.H.3    Spronk, P.E.4    Ince, C.5
  • 51
  • 52
    • 33646390145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between indocyanine green (ICG) plasma disappearance rate and ICG blood clearance in critically ill patients
    • Sakka SG, van Hout N. Relation between indocyanine green (ICG) plasma disappearance rate and ICG blood clearance in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:766-769.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 766-769
    • Sakka, S.G.1    van Hout, N.2
  • 53
    • 0032820346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a percutaneous fiberoptic hepatic venous localization catheter
    • Dahn MS, Ballerstadt R, Lange MP, Schultz J. Development of a percutaneous fiberoptic hepatic venous localization catheter. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:1598-1602.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1598-1602
    • Dahn, M.S.1    Ballerstadt, R.2    Lange, M.P.3    Schultz, J.4
  • 54
    • 0032856939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why, when, and how to insert a hepatic vein catheter in critically ill patients
    • De Backer D, Vincent JL. Why, when, and how to insert a hepatic vein catheter in critically ill patients.. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:1680-1681.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1680-1681
    • De Backer, D.1    Vincent, J.L.2
  • 55
    • 0029091169 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of splanchnic blood flow by the Fick principle in man and problems in the use of indocyanine green
    • Uusaro A, Ruokonen E, Takala J. Estimation of splanchnic blood flow by the Fick principle in man and problems in the use of indocyanine green. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 30:106-112.
    • (1995) Cardiovasc Res , vol.30 , pp. 106-112
    • Uusaro, A.1    Ruokonen, E.2    Takala, J.3
  • 57
    • 0031663139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-lactate as an early marker of intestinal ischaemia after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
    • Poeze M, Froon AH, Greve JW, Ramsay G. D-lactate as an early marker of intestinal ischaemia after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Br J Surg 1998; 85:1221-1224.
    • (1998) Br J Surg , vol.85 , pp. 1221-1224
    • Poeze, M.1    Froon, A.H.2    Greve, J.W.3    Ramsay, G.4
  • 58
    • 0027369852 scopus 로고
    • Serum D(-)-lactate levels as a predictor of acute intestinal ischemia in a rat model
    • Murray MJ, Barbose JJ, Cobb CF. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as a predictor of acute intestinal ischemia in a rat model. J Surg Res 1993; 54:507-509.
    • (1993) J Surg Res , vol.54 , pp. 507-509
    • Murray, M.J.1    Barbose, J.J.2    Cobb, C.F.3
  • 59
    • 0027971590 scopus 로고
    • Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia
    • Murray MJ, Gonze MD, Nowak LR, Cobb CF. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia. Am J Surg 1994; 167:575-578.
    • (1994) Am J Surg , vol.167 , pp. 575-578
    • Murray, M.J.1    Gonze, M.D.2    Nowak, L.R.3    Cobb, C.F.4
  • 60
    • 0034882914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between plasma D(-)-lactate and intestinal damage after severe injuries in rats
    • Sun XQ, Fu XB, Zhang R, Lu Y, Deng Q, Jiang XG et al. Relationship between plasma D(-)-lactate and intestinal damage after severe injuries in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:555-558.
    • (2001) World J Gastroenterol , vol.7 , pp. 555-558
    • Sun, X.Q.1    Fu, X.B.2    Zhang, R.3    Lu, Y.4    Deng, Q.5    Jiang, X.G.6
  • 61
    • 0344825761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric PgCO2 and Pg-aCO2 gap are related to D-lactate and not to L-lactate levels in patients with septic shock
    • Poeze M, Solberg BC, Greve JW, Ramsay G. Gastric PgCO2 and Pg-aCO2 gap are related to D-lactate and not to L-lactate levels in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:2081-2085.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2081-2085
    • Poeze, M.1    Solberg, B.C.2    Greve, J.W.3    Ramsay, G.4
  • 62
    • 33745370482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time visualization and quantitation of canine gastric mucosal blood flow by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
    • Kamino D, Hata J, Haruma K, Manabe N, Tanaka S, Chayama K. Real-time visualization and quantitation of canine gastric mucosal blood flow by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:856-861.
    • (2006) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.41 , pp. 856-861
    • Kamino, D.1    Hata, J.2    Haruma, K.3    Manabe, N.4    Tanaka, S.5    Chayama, K.6
  • 63
    • 2442438669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of intramural intestinal microdialysis as a detector of intestinal ischaemia
    • Sommer T, Larsen JF. Validation of intramural intestinal microdialysis as a detector of intestinal ischaemia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:493-499.
    • (2004) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 493-499
    • Sommer, T.1    Larsen, J.F.2
  • 64
    • 0036900380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in the rectal lumen of patients with septic shock measured by luminal equilibrium dialysis
    • Due V, Bonde J, Espersen K, Jensen TH, Perner A. Lactic acidosis in the rectal lumen of patients with septic shock measured by luminal equilibrium dialysis. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:919-922.
    • (2002) Br J Anaesth , vol.89 , pp. 919-922
    • Due, V.1    Bonde, J.2    Espersen, K.3    Jensen, T.H.4    Perner, A.5
  • 65
    • 0037323835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric capnometry with air-automated tonometry predicts outcome in critically ill patients
    • Levy B, Gawalkiewicz P, Vallet B, Briancon S, Nace L, Bollaert PE. Gastric capnometry with air-automated tonometry predicts outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:474-480.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 474-480
    • Levy, B.1    Gawalkiewicz, P.2    Vallet, B.3    Briancon, S.4    Nace, L.5    Bollaert, P.E.6
  • 66
    • 0030862902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric tonometry and prediction of outcome in the critically ill. Arterial to intramucosal pH gradient and carbon dioxide gradient
    • Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Ho KM, Young RJ, Buckley TA, Oh TE. Gastric tonometry and prediction of outcome in the critically ill. Arterial to intramucosal pH gradient and carbon dioxide gradient. Anaesthesia 1997; 52:619-623.
    • (1997) Anaesthesia , vol.52 , pp. 619-623
    • Gomersall, C.D.1    Joynt, G.M.2    Ho, K.M.3    Young, R.J.4    Buckley, T.A.5    Oh, T.E.6
  • 67
    • 0031965667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of splanchnic resuscitation in the acutely injured trauma patient correlates with multiple organ system failure and length of stay in the ICU
    • Kirton OC, Windsor J, Wedderburn R, Hudson-Civetta J, Shatz DV, Mataragas NR et al. Failure of splanchnic resuscitation in the acutely injured trauma patient correlates with multiple organ system failure and length of stay in the ICU. Chest 1998; 113:1064-1069.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 1064-1069
    • Kirton, O.C.1    Windsor, J.2    Wedderburn, R.3    Hudson-Civetta, J.4    Shatz, D.V.5    Mataragas, N.R.6
  • 68
    • 0030791215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality and multiple organ failure in children with sepsis
    • Duke TD, Butt W, South M. Predictors of mortality and multiple organ failure in children with sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23:684-692.
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 684-692
    • Duke, T.D.1    Butt, W.2    South, M.3
  • 69
    • 0029761199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized study of end points of resuscitation after major trauma: Global oxygen transport indices versus organ-specific gastric mucosal pH
    • Ivatury RR, Simon RJ, Islam S, Fueg A, Rohman M, Stahl WM. A prospective randomized study of end points of resuscitation after major trauma: global oxygen transport indices versus organ-specific gastric mucosal pH. J Am Coll Surg 1996; 183:145-154.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Surg , vol.183 , pp. 145-154
    • Ivatury, R.R.1    Simon, R.J.2    Islam, S.3    Fueg, A.4    Rohman, M.5    Stahl, W.M.6
  • 70
    • 0028999098 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of gastric intramucosal pH and standard perfusional measurements in pediatric septic shock
    • Krafte-Jacobs B, Carver J, Wilkinson JD. Comparison of gastric intramucosal pH and standard perfusional measurements in pediatric septic shock. Chest 1995; 108:220-225.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 220-225
    • Krafte-Jacobs, B.1    Carver, J.2    Wilkinson, J.D.3
  • 71
    • 0029072748 scopus 로고
    • Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis
    • Friedman G, Berlot G, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Combined measurements of blood lactate concentrations and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1184-1193.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 1184-1193
    • Friedman, G.1    Berlot, G.2    Kahn, R.J.3    Vincent, J.L.4
  • 72
    • 0027969067 scopus 로고
    • Gastric tonometry supplements information provided by systemic indicators of oxygen transport
    • Chang MC, Cheatham ML, Nelson LD, Rutherford EJ, Morris JA Jr. Gastric tonometry supplements information provided by systemic indicators of oxygen transport. J Trauma 1994; 37:488-494.
    • (1994) J Trauma , vol.37 , pp. 488-494
    • Chang, M.C.1    Cheatham, M.L.2    Nelson, L.D.3    Rutherford, E.J.4    Morris Jr., J.A.5
  • 73
    • 0027293136 scopus 로고
    • Gastric intramucosal pH. A better predictor of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and death than oxygen-derived variables in patients with sepsis
    • Marik PE. Gastric intramucosal pH. A better predictor of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and death than oxygen-derived variables in patients with sepsis. Chest 1993; 104:225-229.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 225-229
    • Marik, P.E.1
  • 74
    • 0027242288 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure
    • Maynard N, Bihari D, Beale R, Smithies M, Baldock G, Mason R et al. Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure. Jama 1993; 270:1203-1210.
    • (1993) Jama , vol.270 , pp. 1203-1210
    • Maynard, N.1    Bihari, D.2    Beale, R.3    Smithies, M.4    Baldock, G.5    Mason, R.6
  • 76
    • 0031759172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold values of intramucosal pH and mucosal-arterial CO2 gap during shock resuscitation
    • Miller PR, Kincaid EH, Meredith JW, Chang MC. Threshold values of intramucosal pH and mucosal-arterial CO2 gap during shock resuscitation. J Trauma 1998; 45:868-872.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , pp. 868-872
    • Miller, P.R.1    Kincaid, E.H.2    Meredith, J.W.3    Chang, M.C.4
  • 77
    • 0032953935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome after cardiac surgery: Comparison of global haemodynamic and tonometric variables
    • Bams JL, Mariani MA, Groeneveld AB. Predicting outcome after cardiac surgery: comparison of global haemodynamic and tonometric variables. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82:33-37.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , pp. 33-37
    • Bams, J.L.1    Mariani, M.A.2    Groeneveld, A.B.3
  • 78
    • 27944472195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring global volume-related hemodynamic or regional variables after initial resuscitation: What is a better predictor of outcome in critically ill septic patients?
    • Poeze M, Solberg BC, Greve JW, Ramsay G. Monitoring global volume-related hemodynamic or regional variables after initial resuscitation: What is a better predictor of outcome in critically ill septic patients? Crit Care Med 2005; 33:2494-2500.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2494-2500
    • Poeze, M.1    Solberg, B.C.2    Greve, J.W.3    Ramsay, G.4
  • 79
    • 0034984292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indocyanine green elimination rate detects hepatocellular dysfunction early in septic shock and correlates with survival
    • Kimura S, Yoshioka T, Shibuya M, Sakano T, Tanaka R, Matsuyama S. Indocyanine green elimination rate detects hepatocellular dysfunction early in septic shock and correlates with survival. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:1159-1163.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1159-1163
    • Kimura, S.1    Yoshioka, T.2    Shibuya, M.3    Sakano, T.4    Tanaka, R.5    Matsuyama, S.6
  • 80
    • 0036433328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate in critically ill patients
    • Sakka SG, Reinhart K, Meier-Hellmann A. Prognostic value of the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate in critically ill patients. Chest 2002; 122:1715-1720.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 1715-1720
    • Sakka, S.G.1    Reinhart, K.2    Meier-Hellmann, A.3
  • 81
    • 0021359109 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of indocyanine green clearance in critically ill surgical patients
    • Kholoussy AM, Pollack D, Matsumoto T. Prognostic significance of indocyanine green clearance in critically ill surgical patients. Crit Care Med 1984; 12:115-116.
    • (1984) Crit Care Med , vol.12 , pp. 115-116
    • Kholoussy, A.M.1    Pollack, D.2    Matsumoto, T.3
  • 82
    • 3543006552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal perfusion and mortality in mechanical ventilation-dependent patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
    • Spirt MJ, Guth PH, Randall G, Leung FW. Gastroduodenal perfusion and mortality in mechanical ventilation-dependent patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49:906-913.
    • (2004) Dig Dis Sci , vol.49 , pp. 906-913
    • Spirt, M.J.1    Guth, P.H.2    Randall, G.3    Leung, F.W.4
  • 83
    • 4444233598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock
    • Sakr Y, Dubois MJ, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:1825-1831.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 1825-1831
    • Sakr, Y.1    Dubois, M.J.2    De Backer, D.3    Creteur, J.4    Vincent, J.L.5
  • 84
    • 33645796001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid decrease in plasma D-lactate as an early potential predictor of diminished 28-day mortality in critically ill septic shock patients
    • Sapin V, Nicolet L, Aublet-Cuvelier B, Sangline F, Roszyk L, Dastugue B et al. Rapid decrease in plasma D-lactate as an early potential predictor of diminished 28-day mortality in critically ill septic shock patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:492-496.
    • (2006) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.44 , pp. 492-496
    • Sapin, V.1    Nicolet, L.2    Aublet-Cuvelier, B.3    Sangline, F.4    Roszyk, L.5    Dastugue, B.6
  • 85
    • 0031711567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric intramucosal pH-guided therapy in patients after elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aneurysms: Is it beneficial?
    • argger H, Hampl KF, Christen P, Staender S, Scheidegger D. Gastric intramucosal pH-guided therapy in patients after elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aneurysms: is it beneficial? Intensive Care Med 1998; 24:769-776.
    • (1998) Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 769-776
    • argger, H.1    Hampl, K.F.2    Christen, P.3    Staender, S.4    Scheidegger, D.5
  • 86
    • 0026518402 scopus 로고
    • Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients
    • Gutierrez G, Palizas F, Doglio G, Wainsztein N, Gallesio A, Pacin J et al. Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 1992; 339:195-199.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 195-199
    • Gutierrez, G.1    Palizas, F.2    Doglio, G.3    Wainsztein, N.4    Gallesio, A.5    Pacin, J.6
  • 87
    • 0034024109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation of critically ill patients based on the results of gastric tonometry: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
    • Gomersall CD, Joynt GM, Freebairn RC, Hung V, Buckley TA, Oh TE. Resuscitation of critically ill patients based on the results of gastric tonometry: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:607-614.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 607-614
    • Gomersall, C.D.1    Joynt, G.M.2    Freebairn, R.C.3    Hung, V.4    Buckley, T.A.5    Oh, T.E.6
  • 88
    • 19844370391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic hypoperfusion-directed therapies in trauma: A prospective, randomized trial
    • Group MTCT
    • Group MTCT. Splanchnic hypoperfusion-directed therapies in trauma: a prospective, randomized trial. Am Surg 2005; 71:252-260.
    • (2005) Am Surg , vol.71 , pp. 252-260
  • 89
    • 0034065263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do fluid administration and reduction in norepinephrine dose improve global and splanchnic haemodynamics?
    • Sakka SG, Meier-Hellmann A, Reinhart K. Do fluid administration and reduction in norepinephrine dose improve global and splanchnic haemodynamics? Br J Anaesth 2000; 84:758-762.
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.84 , pp. 758-762
    • Sakka, S.G.1    Meier-Hellmann, A.2    Reinhart, K.3
  • 90
    • 0035042117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the optimization of cardiac output by fluid loading increase splanchnic blood flow?
    • Sakka SG, Reinhart K, Meier-Hellmann A. Does the optimization of cardiac output by fluid loading increase splanchnic blood flow? Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:657-662.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.86 , pp. 657-662
    • Sakka, S.G.1    Reinhart, K.2    Meier-Hellmann, A.3
  • 91
    • 35348833588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydroxyethyl starch and Ringer's solution on splanchnic perfusion in dogs with septic shock]
    • Yang Y, Qiu HB, Liu SQ, Chen YM, Li N, Shen JF et al. [Effect of hydroxyethyl starch and Ringer's solution on splanchnic perfusion in dogs with septic shock]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2005; 17:743-746.
    • (2005) Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue , vol.17 , pp. 743-746
    • Yang, Y.1    Qiu, H.B.2    Liu, S.Q.3    Chen, Y.M.4    Li, N.5    Shen, J.F.6
  • 92
    • 0033801962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of hemodynamic and gastric mucosal acidosis with modified fluid versus 6% hydroxyethyl starch: A prospective, randomized study
    • Asfar P, Kerkeni N, Labadie F, Gouëllo JP, Brenet O, Alquier P. Assessment of hemodynamic and gastric mucosal acidosis with modified fluid versus 6% hydroxyethyl starch: a prospective, randomized study. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:1282-1287.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1282-1287
    • Asfar, P.1    Kerkeni, N.2    Labadie, F.3    Gouëllo, J.P.4    Brenet, O.5    Alquier, P.6
  • 93
    • 1642397430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluid challenge on gastric mucosal PCO2 in septic patients
    • Silva E, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Effects of fluid challenge on gastric mucosal PCO2 in septic patients. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:423-429.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 423-429
    • Silva, E.1    De Backer, D.2    Creteur, J.3    Vincent, J.L.4
  • 94
    • 33750574624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garrido Adel P, Cruz Junior RJ, Poli de Figueiredo LF, Rocha e Silva M. Small of hypertonic saline as the initial fluid replacement in experimental hypodynamic sepsis. Crit Care 2006; 10:R62.
    • Garrido Adel P, Cruz Junior RJ, Poli de Figueiredo LF, Rocha e Silva M. Small volume of hypertonic saline as the initial fluid replacement in experimental hypodynamic sepsis. Crit Care 2006; 10:R62.
  • 95
    • 33744532065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic saline enhances host defense to bacterial challenge by augmenting Toll-like receptors
    • Chen LW, Huang HL, Lee IT, Hsu CM, Lu PJ. Hypertonic saline enhances host defense to bacterial challenge by augmenting Toll-like receptors. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1758-1768.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1758-1768
    • Chen, L.W.1    Huang, H.L.2    Lee, I.T.3    Hsu, C.M.4    Lu, P.J.5
  • 96
    • 0026697127 scopus 로고
    • Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis. Effects of dobutamine infusions and packed red blood cell transfusions
    • Silverman HJ, Tuma P. Gastric tonometry in patients with sepsis. Effects of dobutamine infusions and packed red blood cell transfusions. Chest 1992; 102:184-188.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 184-188
    • Silverman, H.J.1    Tuma, P.2
  • 97
    • 0035707446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red blood cell transfusion does not increase oxygen consumption in critically ill septic patients
    • Fernandes CJ, Akamine N, De Marco FV, De Souza JA, Lagudis S, Knobel E. Red blood cell transfusion does not increase oxygen consumption in critically ill septic patients. Crit Care 2001; 5:362-367.
    • (2001) Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 362-367
    • Fernandes, C.J.1    Akamine, N.2    De Marco, F.V.3    De Souza, J.A.4    Lagudis, S.5    Knobel, E.6
  • 98
    • 2942559078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Influence of vasoactive and other therapies on intestinal and hepatic circulations in patients with septic shock
    • Asfar P, De Backer D, Meier-Hellmann A, Radermacher P, Sakka SG. Clinical review: influence of vasoactive and other therapies on intestinal and hepatic circulations in patients with septic shock. Crit Care 2004; 8:170-179.
    • (2004) Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 170-179
    • Asfar, P.1    De Backer, D.2    Meier-Hellmann, A.3    Radermacher, P.4    Sakka, S.G.5
  • 99
    • 0033847206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of perfusion pressure on tissue perfusion in septic shock
    • LeDoux D, Astiz ME, Carpati CM, Rackow EC. Effects of perfusion pressure on tissue perfusion in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2729-2732.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 2729-2732
    • LeDoux, D.1    Astiz, M.E.2    Carpati, C.M.3    Rackow, E.C.4
  • 100
    • 33646547249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine on microcirculatory blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract in sepsis
    • Krejci V, Hiltebrand LB, Sigurdsson GH. Effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine on microcirculatory blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract in sepsis. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1456-1463.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1456-1463
    • Krejci, V.1    Hiltebrand, L.B.2    Sigurdsson, G.H.3
  • 101
    • 27144553471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis
    • Ince C. The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis. Crit Care 2005; 9 Suppl 4:S13-19.
    • (2005) Crit Care , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Ince, C.1
  • 102
    • 0346363508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of vasopressin on gastric perfusion in catecholamine-dependent patients in septic shock
    • van Haren FM, Rozendaal FW, van der Hoeven JG. The effect of vasopressin on gastric perfusion in catecholamine-dependent patients in septic shock. Chest 2003; 124:2256-2260.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 2256-2260
    • van Haren, F.M.1    Rozendaal, F.W.2    van der Hoeven, J.G.3
  • 103
    • 0036039753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening the microcirculation: Can vasodilators be useful in sepsis?
    • Buwalda M, Ince C. Opening the microcirculation: can vasodilators be useful in sepsis? Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:1208-1217.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1208-1217
    • Buwalda, M.1    Ince, C.2
  • 106
    • 0029802279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized prostacyclin and inhaled nitric oxide in septic shock - different effects on splanchnic oxygenation?
    • Eichelbrönner O, Reinelt H, Wiedeck H, Mezödy M, Rossaint R, Georgieff M et al. Aerosolized prostacyclin and inhaled nitric oxide in septic shock - different effects on splanchnic oxygenation? Intensive Care Med 1996; 22:880-887.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 880-887
    • Eichelbrönner, O.1    Reinelt, H.2    Wiedeck, H.3    Mezödy, M.4    Rossaint, R.5    Georgieff, M.6
  • 107
    • 0033783634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost on the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green in human septic shock
    • Lehmann C, Taymoorian K, Wauer H, Krausch D, Birnbaum J, Kox WJ. Effects of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost on the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green in human septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:1557-1560.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1557-1560
    • Lehmann, C.1    Taymoorian, K.2    Wauer, H.3    Krausch, D.4    Birnbaum, J.5    Kox, W.J.6
  • 108
    • 0034896058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepato-splanchnic metabolic effects of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost in patients with septic shock
    • Kiefer P, Tugtekin I, Wiedeck H, Bracht H, Vogt J, Wachter U et al. Hepato-splanchnic metabolic effects of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1179-1186.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Kiefer, P.1    Tugtekin, I.2    Wiedeck, H.3    Bracht, H.4    Vogt, J.5    Wachter, U.6
  • 109
    • 0033022461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury
    • Kompan L, Kremzar B, Gadzijev E, Prosek M. Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25:157-161.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 157-161
    • Kompan, L.1    Kremzar, B.2    Gadzijev, E.3    Prosek, M.4
  • 111
    • 0035674699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: A systematic review
    • Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:2264-2270.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2264-2270
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 112
    • 1942500482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-pyloric enteral nutrition in septic patients: Effects on hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics and energy status
    • Rokyta R Jr, Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Senft V, Trefil L, Novak I. Post-pyloric enteral nutrition in septic patients: effects on hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics and energy status. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:714-717.
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 714-717
    • Rokyta Jr, R.1    Matejovic, M.2    Krouzecky, A.3    Senft, V.4    Trefil, L.5    Novak, I.6
  • 113
    • 0037303799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition-related improvement of gut mucosal acidosis during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia
    • Pittner A, Nalos M, Asfar P, Yang Y, Ince C, Georgieff M et al. Mechanisms of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition-related improvement of gut mucosal acidosis during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:312-316.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 312-316
    • Pittner, A.1    Nalos, M.2    Asfar, P.3    Yang, Y.4    Ince, C.5    Georgieff, M.6
  • 114
    • 0031840653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan restores gut oxygen delivery and reverses intestinal mucosal acidosis in porcine endotoxin shock
    • Oldner A, Wanecek M, Goiny M, Weitzberg E, Rudehill A, Alving K et al. The endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan restores gut oxygen delivery and reverses intestinal mucosal acidosis in porcine endotoxin shock. Gut 1998; 42:696-702.
    • (1998) Gut , vol.42 , pp. 696-702
    • Oldner, A.1    Wanecek, M.2    Goiny, M.3    Weitzberg, E.4    Rudehill, A.5    Alving, K.6
  • 115
    • 0037253077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan improves microcirculatory blood flow in splanchnic organs in septic shock
    • Krejci V, Hiltebrand LB, Erni D, Sigurdsson GH. Endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan improves microcirculatory blood flow in splanchnic organs in septic shock. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:203-210.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 203-210
    • Krejci, V.1    Hiltebrand, L.B.2    Erni, D.3    Sigurdsson, G.H.4
  • 116
    • 0033917721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin in septic patients: Effects on cardiovascular and renal function and its relationship to proinflammatory cytokines
    • Tschaikowsky K, Sägner S, Lehnert N, Kaul M, Ritter J. Endothelin in septic patients: effects on cardiovascular and renal function and its relationship to proinflammatory cytokines. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1854-1860.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1854-1860
    • Tschaikowsky, K.1    Sägner, S.2    Lehnert, N.3    Kaul, M.4    Ritter, J.5
  • 117
    • 0141995569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of endothelin and nitric oxide on organ injury, mesenteric ischemia, and survival in experimental models of septic shock
    • Iskit AB, Guc O. Effects of endothelin and nitric oxide on organ injury, mesenteric ischemia, and survival in experimental models of septic shock. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003; 24:953-957.
    • (2003) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.24 , pp. 953-957
    • Iskit, A.B.1    Guc, O.2
  • 118
    • 0033072535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor antagonism increases gut oxygen delivery but fails to improve intestinal mucosal acidosis in porcine endotoxin shock
    • Oldner A, Wanecek M, Weitzberg E, Rundgren M, Alving K, Ullman J et al. Angiotensin II receptor antagonism increases gut oxygen delivery but fails to improve intestinal mucosal acidosis in porcine endotoxin shock. Shock 1999; 11:127-135.
    • (1999) Shock , vol.11 , pp. 127-135
    • Oldner, A.1    Wanecek, M.2    Weitzberg, E.3    Rundgren, M.4    Alving, K.5    Ullman, J.6
  • 119
    • 0842348900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan improves survival and mesenteric perfusion in an acute porcine endotoxin model
    • Laesser M, Oi Y, Ewert S, Fändriks L, Aneman A. The angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan improves survival and mesenteric perfusion in an acute porcine endotoxin model. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48:198-204.
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , pp. 198-204
    • Laesser, M.1    Oi, Y.2    Ewert, S.3    Fändriks, L.4    Aneman, A.5
  • 120
    • 0025953880 scopus 로고
    • Circadian changes in estimated hepatic blood flow in healthy subjects
    • Lemmer B, Nold G. Circadian changes in estimated hepatic blood flow in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32:627-629.
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 627-629
    • Lemmer, B.1    Nold, G.2
  • 121
    • 0036163663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prone positioning, systemic hemodynamics, hepatic indocyanine green kinetics, and gastric intramucosal energy balance in patients with acute lung injury
    • Hering R, Vorwerk R, Wrigge H, Zinserling J, Schroder S, von Spiegel T et al. Prone positioning, systemic hemodynamics, hepatic indocyanine green kinetics, and gastric intramucosal energy balance in patients with acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:53-58.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 53-58
    • Hering, R.1    Vorwerk, R.2    Wrigge, H.3    Zinserling, J.4    Schroder, S.5    von Spiegel, T.6
  • 122
    • 0042379876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do lung recruitment maneuvers decrease gastric mucosal perfusion?
    • Claesson J, Lehtipalo S, Winso O. Do lung recruitment maneuvers decrease gastric mucosal perfusion? Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:1314-1321.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1314-1321
    • Claesson, J.1    Lehtipalo, S.2    Winso, O.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.