Molecular activity underlying working memory

Learning and Memory

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 554-563

  Dash, Pramod K ^a   Moore, Anthony N ^a   Kobori, Nobuhide ^a   Runyan, Jason D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

12 (2 CYANOETHYL) 6,7,12,13 TETRAHYDRO 13 METHYL 5 OXOINDOLO[2,3 A]PYRROLO[3,4 C]CARBAZOLE; 2 [1 (3 DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL) 3 INDOLYL] 3 (3 INDOLYL)MALEIMIDE; 4 (N ETHYL N PHENYLAMINO) 1,2 DIMETHYL 6 (METHYLAMINO)PYRIMIDINIUM CHLORIDE; 6 CHLORO 2,3,4,5 TETRAHYDRO 7,8 DIHYDROXY 3 METHYL 1 (3 METHYLPHENYL) 1H 3 BENZAZEPINE; CALCINEURIN; CALCIUM; CALMODULIN INHIBITOR; CATECHOLAMINE DERIVATIVE; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; KN 92; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR; PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN KINASE (CALCIUM,CALMODULIN) II; PROTEIN KINASE C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMNESIA; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN FUNCTION; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; LONG TERM POTENTIATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MEMORY; MEMORY DISORDER; NONHUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STIMULATION;

ANIMALS; CA(2+)-CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES; HUMANS; MEMORY DISORDERS; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 34548339672     PISSN: 10720502     EISSN: 15495485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/lm.558707     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Aalto, S., Bruck, A., Laine, M., Nagren, K., and Rinne, J.O. 2005. Frontal and temporal dopamine release during working memory and attention tasks in healthy humans: A positron emission tomography study using the high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor ligand [11C]FLB 457. J. Neurosci. 25: 2471-2477.
2. Abel, T., Nguyen, P.V., Barad, M., Deuel, T.A., Kandel, E.R., and Bourtchouladze, R. 1997a. Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell 88: 615-626.
3. Abel, T., Nguyen, P.V., Barad, M., Deuel, T.A., Kandel, E.R., and Bourtchouladze, R. 1997b. Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. Cell 88: 615-626.
4. Abeliovich, A., Paylor, R., Chen, C., Kim, J.J., Wehner, J.M., and Tonegawa, S. 1993. PKCγ mutant mice exhibit mild deficits in spatial and contextual learning. Cell 75: 1263-1271.
5. Abi-Dargham, A., Mawlawi, O., Lombardo, I., Gil, R., Martinez, D., Huang, Y., Hwang, D.R., Keilp, J., Kochan, L., Van Heertum, R., et al. 2002. Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors and working memory in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 22: 3708-3719.
6. Adlersberg, M., Hsiung, S.C., Glickstein, S.B., Liu, K.P., Tamir, H., and Schmauss, C. 2004. Regulation of dopamine D-receptor activation in vivo by protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin). J. Neurochem. 90: 865-873.
7. Alagarsamy, S., Saugstad, J., Warren, L., Mansuy, I.M., Gereau, R.W., and Conn, P.J. 2005. NMDA-induced potentiation of mGluR5 is mediated by activation of protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin. Neuropharmacology 49 (Suppl. 1): 135-145.
8. Arnsten, A.F. 2000. Through the looking glass: Differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function. Neural Plast. 7: 133-146.
9. Arnsten, A.F. 2006. Fundamentals of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Circuits and pathways. J. Clin. Psychiatry 67 (Suppl. 8): 7-12.
10. Arnsten, A.F. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1985. Alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates. Science 230: 1273-1276.
11. Arnsten, A.F. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1998. Noise stress impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function in monkeys: Evidence for a hyperdopaminergic mechanism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55: 362-368.
12. Arnsten, A.F., Cai, J.X., Murphy, B.L., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1994. Dopamine D1 receptor mechanisms in the cognitive performance of young adult and aged monkeys. Psychopharmacology 116: 143-151.
13. Arnsten, A.F., Ramos, B.P., Birnbaum, S.G., and Taylor, J.R. 2005. Protein kinase A as a therapeutic target for memory disorders: Rationale and challenges. Trends Mol. Med. 11: 121-128.
14. Arthur, J.M., Collinsworth, G.P., Gettys, T.W., and Raymond, J.R. 1999. Agonist-induced translocation of Gq/11α immunoreactivity directly from plasma membrane in MDCK cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276: F528-F534.
15. Aultman, J.M. and Moghaddam, B. 2001. Distinct contributions of glutamate and dopamine receptors to temporal aspects of rodent working memory using a clinically relevant task. Psychopharmacology 153: 353-364.
16. Baddeley, A. 2001. The concept of episodic memory. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 356: 1345-1350.
17. Bienenstock, E.L., Cooper, L.N., and Munro, P.W. 1982. Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: Orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 2: 32-48.
18. Birnbaum, S., Gobeske, K.T., Auerbach, J., Taylor, J.R., and Arnsten, A.F. 1999. A role for norepinephrine in stress-induced cognitive deficits: Alpha-1-adrenoceptor mediation in the prefrontal cortex. Biol. Psychiatry 46: 1266-1274.
19. Birnbaum, S.G., Yuan, P.X., Wang, M., Vijayraghavan, S., Bloom, A.K., Davis, D.J., Gobeske, K.T., Sweatt, J.D., Manji, H.K., and Arnsten, A.F. 2004. Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory. Science 306: 882-884.
20. Brooks, D.J. 2006. Dopaminergic action beyond its effects on motor function: Imaging studies. J. Neurol. 253 (Suppl. 4): iv8-iv15.
21. Brozoski, T.J., Brown, R.M., Rosvold, H.E., and Goldman, P.S. 1979. Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science 205: 929-932.
22. Buckner, R.L., Logan, J., Donaldson, D.I., and Wheeler, M.E. 2000. Cognitive neuroscience of episodic memory encoding. Acta Psychol. 105: 127-139.
23. Chen, G., Greengard, P., and Yan, Z. 2004. Potentiation of NMDA receptor currents by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101: 2596-2600.
24. Cools, R. 2006. Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function- implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 30: 1-23.
25. D'Esposito, M., Detre, J.A., Alsop, D.C., Shin, R.K., Atlas, S., and Grossman, M. 1995. The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature 378: 279-281.
26. Davis, K.L., Kahn, R.S., Ko, G., and Davidson, M. 1991. Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization. Am. J. Psychiatry 148: 1474-1486.
27. 2+ currents via a PLCβ/IP3/calcineurin signaling cascade. J. Neurophysiol. 87: 2490-2504.
28. de Rooij, J., Zwartkruis, F.J., Verheijen, M.H., Cool, R.H., Nijman, S.M., Wittinghofer, A., and Bos, J.L. 1998. Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide- exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP. Nature 396: 474-477.
29. Didriksen, M. 1995. Effects of antipsychotics on cognitive behaviour in rats using the delayed non-match to position paradigm. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 281: 241-250.
30. Dong, Y. and White, F.J. 2003. Dopamine D1-class receptors selectively modulate a slowly inactivating potassium current in rat medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 23: 2686-2695.
31. Dudchenko, P.A. 2004. An overview of the tasks used to test working memory in rodents. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 28: 699-709.
32. Dunnett, S.B., Evenden, J.L., and Iversen, S.D. 1988. Delay-dependent short-term memory deficits in aged rats. Psychopharmacology 96: 174-180.
33. Durstewitz, D., Seamans, J.K., and Sejnowski, T.J. 2000. Neurocomputational models of working memory. Nat. Neurosci. 3 (Suppl): 1184-1191.
34. Egorov, A.V., Hamam, B.N., Fransen, E., Hasselmo, M.E., and Alonso, A.A. 2002. Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex neurons. Nature 420: 173-178.
35. Franowicz, J.S. and Arnsten, A.F. 1998. The α-2a noradrenergic agonist, guanfacine, improves delayed response performance in young adult rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology 136: 8-14.
36. Friedman, J.I., Temporini, H., and Davis, K.L. 1999. Pharmacologic strategies for augmenting cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 45: 1-16.
37. Funahashi, S., Chafee, M.V., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1993. Prefrontal neuronal activity in rhesus monkeys performing a delayed anti-saccade task. Nature 365: 753-756.
38. Fuster, J.M. and Alexander, G.E. 1971. Neuron activity related to short-term memory. Science 173: 652-654.
39. Gao, W.J. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 2003. Selective modulation of excitatory and inhibitory microcircuits by dopamine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100: 2836-2841.
40. Gao, W.J. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 2006. NMDA receptor-mediated epileptiform persistent activity requires calcium release from intracellular stores in prefrontal neurons. Exp. Neurol. 197: 495-504.
41. Germano, C. and Kinsella, G.J. 2005. Working memory and learning in early Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol. Rev. 15: 1-10.
42. 2+ changes in rat cortical synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 53: 392-398.
43. Godefroy, O. and Rousseaux, M. 1996. Divided and focused attention in patients with lesion of the prefrontal cortex. Brain Cogn. 30: 155-174.
44. 1 receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 31: 295-301.
45. Goldman-Rakic, P.S., Castner, S.A., Svensson, T.H., Siever, L.J., and Williams, G.V. 2004. Targeting the dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia: Insights for cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology 174: 3-16.
46. Gonzalez-Burgos, G., Kroener, S., Seamans, J.K., Lewis, D.A., and Barrionuevo, G. 2005. Dopaminergic modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity in fast-spiking interneurons of primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 94: 4168-4177.
47. Gorelova, N.A. and Yang, C.R. 2000. Dopamine D1/D5 receptor activation modulates a persistent sodium current in rat prefrontal cortical neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 84: 75-87.
48. Gorelova, N., Seamans, J.K., and Yang, C.R. 2002. Mechanisms of dopamine activation of fast-spiking interneurons that exert inhibition in rat prefrontal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 88: 3150-3166.
49. Granon, S., Poucet, B., Thinus-Blanc, C., Changeux, J.P., and Vidal, C. 1995. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the rat prefrontal cortex: Differential roles in working memory, response selection and effortful processing. Psychopharmacology 119: 139-144.
50. Ikegami, S. and Inokuchi, K. 2000. Antisense DNA against calcineurin facilitates memory in contextual fear conditioning by lowering the threshold for hippocampal long-term potentiation induction. Neuroscience 98: 637-646.
51. Jacobsen, C. 1936. Studies of cerebral function in primates. Comp. Psychol. Monogr. 13: 3-60.
52. Jentsch, J.D., Olausson, P., Nestler, E.J., and Taylor, J.R. 2002. Stimulation of protein kinase a activity in the rat amygdala enhances reward-related learning. Biol. Psychiatry 52: 111-118.
53. Jin, L.Q., Goswami, S., Cai, G., Zhen, X., and Friedman, E. 2003. SKF83959 selectively regulates phosphatidylinositol-linked D1 dopamine receptors in rat brain. J. Neurochem. 85: 378-386.
54. Jonides, J., Smith, E.E., Koeppe, R.A., Awh, E., Minoshima, S., and Mintun, M.A. 1993. Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET. Nature 363: 623-625.
55. Koch, K.W. and Fuster, J.M. 1989. Unit activity in monkey parietal cortex related to haptic perception and temporary memory. Exp. Brain Res. 76: 292-306.
56. Koh, P.O., Bergson, C., Undie, A.S., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., and Lidow, M.S. 2003. Up-regulation of the D1 dopamine receptor-interacting protein, calcyon, in patients with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60: 311-319.
57. Kojima, S. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1984. Functional analysis of spatially discriminative neurons in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 291: 229-240.
58. Kolb, B. 1984. Functions of the frontal cortex of the rat: A comparative review. Brain Res. 320: 65-98.
59. Lee, A.C., Robbins, T.W., and Owen, A.M. 2000. Episodic memory meets working memory in the frontal lobe: Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding and retrieval. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 14: 165-197.
60. Li, B.M. and Mei, Z.T. 1994. Delayed-response deficit induced by local injection of the α 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in young adult monkeys. Behav. Neural Biol. 62: 134-139.
61. Lidow, M.S. 2003. Calcium signaling dysfunction in schizophrenia: A unifying approach. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 43: 70-84.
62. 3H]SCH23390. Neuroscience 40: 657-671.
63. Malinow, R., Schulman, H., and Tsien, R.W. 1989. Inhibition of postsynaptic PKC or CaMKII blocks induction but not expression of LTP. Science 245: 862-866.
64. Malleret, G., Haditsch, U., Genoux, D., Jones, M.W., Bliss, T.V., Vanhoose, A.M., Weitlauf, C., Kandel, E.R., Winder, D.G., and Mansuy, I.M. 2001. Inducible and reversible enhancement of learning, memory, and long-term potentiation by genetic inhibition of calcineurin. Cell 104: 675-686.
65. Mao, Z.M., Arnsten, A.F., and Li, B.M. 1999. Local infusion of an α-1 adrenergic agonist into the prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance in monkeys. Biol. Psychiatry 46: 1259-1265.
66. Martinez, A., Vitorica, J., and Satrustegui, J. 1988. Cytosolic free calcium levels increase with age in rat brain synaptosomes. Neurosci. Lett. 88: 336-342.
67. Mattay, V.S., Tessitore, A., Callicott, J.H., Bertolino, A., Goldberg, T.E., Chase, T.N., Hyde, T.M., and Weinberger, D.R. 2002. Dopaminergic modulation of cortical function in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 51: 156-164.
68. Maurice, N., Tkatch, T., Meisler, M., Sprunger, L.K., and Surmeier, D.J. 2001. D1/D5 dopamine receptor activation differentially modulates rapidly inactivating and persistent sodium currents in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 21: 2268-2277.
69. Mayford, M., Bach, M.E., Huang, Y.Y., Wang, L., Hawkins, R.D., and Kandel, E.R. 1996. Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene. Science 274: 1678-1683.
70. McAllister, T.W., Flashman, L.A., Sparling, M.B., and Saykin, A.J. 2004. Working memory deficits after traumatic brain injury: Catecholaminergic mechanisms and prospects for treatment - A review. Brain Inj. 18: 331-350.
71. McGlade-McCulloh, E., Yamamoto, H., Tan, S.E., Brickey, D.A., and Soderling, T.R. 1993. Phosphorylation and regulation of glutamate receptors by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Nature 362: 640-642.
72. Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Damask, S.P., Wang, J., Haroutunian, V., Davis, K.L., and Watson, S.J. 1996. Dopamine receptor mRNA expression in human striatum and neocortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 15: 17-29.
73. Miller, E.K., Li, L., and Desimone, R. 1993. Activity of neurons in anterior inferior temporal cortex during a short-term memory task. J. Neurosci. 13: 1460-1478.
74. Mirnics, K., Middleton, F.A., Stanwood, G.D., Lewis, D.A., and Levitt, P. 2001. Disease-specific changes in regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) expression in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 6: 293-301.
75. Misonou, H., Mohapatra, D.P., Park, E.W., Leung, V., Zhen, D., Misonou, K., Anderson, A.E., and Trimmer, J.S. 2004. Regulation of ion channel localization and phosphorylation by neuronal activity. Nat. Neurosci. 7: 711-718.
76. Morris, R.G. and Baddeley, A.D. 1988. Primary and working memory functioning in Alzheimer-type dementia. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 10: 279-296.
77. Muly III, E.C., Szigeti, K., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1998. D1 receptor in interneurons of macaque prefrontal cortex: distribution and subcellular localization. J. Neurosci. 18: 10553-10565.
78. Norris, C.M., Blalock, E.M., Chen, K.C., Porter, N.M., and Landfield, P.W. 2002. Calcineurin enhances L-type Ca(2+) channel activity in hippocampal neurons: Increased effect with age in culture. Neuroscience 110: 213-225.
79. Okubo, Y., Suhara, T., Suzuki, K., Kobayashi, K., Inoue, O., Terasaki, O., Someya, Y., Sassa, T., Sudo, Y., Matsushima, E., et al. 1997. Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature 385: 634-636.
80. Paspalas, C.D. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 2004. Microdomains for dopamine volume neurotransmission in primate prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 24: 5292-5300.
81. Petrides, M., Alivisatos, B., Meyer, E., and Evans, A.C. 1993. Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 878-882.
82. Phillips, A.G., Ahn, S., and Floresco, S.B. 2004. Magnitude of dopamine release in medial prefrontal cortex predicts accuracy of memory on a delayed response task. J. Neurosci. 24: 547-553.
83. Ramos, B.P., Birnbaum, S.G., Lindenmayer, I., Newton, S.S., Duman, R.S., and Arnsten, A.F. 2003. Dysregulation of protein kinase a signaling in the aged prefrontal cortex: New strategy for treating age-related cognitive decline. Neuron 40: 835-845.
84. Ranganath, C., Cohen, M.X., and Brozinsky, C.J. 2005. Working memory maintenance contributes to long-term memory formation: Neural and behavioral evidence. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17: 994-1010.
85. A blockade of prefrontal cortical neurons engaged by working memory. J. Neurosci. 20: 485-494.
86. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. J. Neurosci. 17: 3379-3391.
87. Runyan, J.D. and Dash, P.K. 2005. Distinct prefrontal molecular mechanisms for information storage lasting seconds versus minutes. Learn. Mem. 12: 232-238.
88. Runyan, J.D., Moore, A.N., and Dash, P.K. 2005. A role for prefrontal calcium-sensitive protein phosphatase and kinase activities in working memory. Learn. Mem. 12: 103-110.
89. Russell, V., Allie, S., and Wiggins, T. 2000. Increased noradrenergic activity in prefrontal cortex slices of an animal model for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - The spontaneously hypertensive rat. Behav. Brain Res. 117: 69-74.
90. Sakurai, Y. 1990. Cells in the rat auditory system have sensory-delay correlates during the performance of an auditory working memory task. Behav. Neurosci. 104: 856-868.
91. Sandrini, M., Cappa, S.F., Rossi, S., Rossini, P.M., and Miniussi, C. 2003. The role of prefrontal cortex in verbal episodic memory: rTMS evidence. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15: 855-861.
92. Sawaguchi, T. 2001. The effects of dopamine and its antagonists on directional delay-period activity of prefrontal neurons in monkeys during an oculomotor delayed-response task. Neurosci. Res. 41: 115-128.
93. Sawaguchi, T. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1991. D1 dopamine receptors in prefrontal cortex: Involvement in working memory. Science 251: 947-950.
94. Schafe, G.E. and LeDoux, J.E. 2000. Memory consolidation of auditory pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala. J. Neurosci. 20: RC96.
95. Silva, A.J., Paylor, R., Wehner, J.M., and Tonegawa, S. 1992a. Impaired spatial learning in α-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science 257: 206-211.
96. Silva, A.J., Stevens, C.F., Tonegawa, S., and Wang, Y. 1992b. Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in α-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science 257: 201-206.
97. Simon, H., Scatton, B., and Le Moal, M. 1979. Definitive disruption of spatial delayed alternation in rats after lesions in the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum. Neurosci. Lett. 15: 319-324.
98. Skeberdis, V.A., Chevaleyre, V., Lau, C.G., Goldberg, J.H., Pettit, D.L., Suadicani, S.O., Lin, Y., Bennett, M.V., Yuste, R., Castillo, P.E., et al. 2006. Protein kinase A regulates calcium permeability of NMDA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 9: 501-510.
99. Smiley, J.F. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1993. Heterogeneous targets of dopamine synapses in monkey prefrontal cortex demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy: A laminar analysis using the silver-enhanced diaminobenzidine sulfide (SEDS) immunolabeling technique. Cereb. Cortex 3: 223-238.
100. Solem, M., McMahon, T., and Messing, R.O. 1997. Protein kinase A regulates regulates inhibition of N- and P/Q-type calcium channels by ethanol in PC12 cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 282: 1487-1495.
101. Takashima, A., Jensen, O., Oostenveld, R., Maris, E., van de Coevering, M., and Fernandez, G. 2006. Successful declarative memory formation is associated with ongoing activity during encoding in a distributed neocortical network related to working memory: A magnetoencephalography study. Neuroscience 139: 291-297.
102. Taylor, J.R., Birnbaum, S., Ubriani, R., and Arnsten, A.F. 1999. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in prefrontal cortex impairs working memory performance. J. Neurosci. 19: RC23.
103. Thibault, O. and Landfield, P.W. 1996. Increase in single L-type calcium channels in hippocampal neurons during aging. Science 272: 1017-1020.
104. Thompson-Schill, S.L., Jonides, J., Marshuetz, C., Smith, E.E., D'Esposito, M., Kan, I.P., Knight, R.T., and Swick, D. 2002. Effects of frontal lobe damage on interference effects in working memory. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2: 109-120.
105. Toescu, E.C. and Verkhratsky, A. 2000. Parameters of calcium homeostasis in normal neuronal ageing. J. Anat. 197: 563-569.
106. Trantham-Davidson, H., Neely, L.C., Lavin, A., and Seamans, J.K. 2004. Mechanisms underlying differential D1 versus D2 dopamine receptor regulation of inhibition in prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 24: 10652-10659.
107. Undie, A.S., Weinstock, J., Sarau, H.M., and Friedman, E. 1994. Evidence for a distinct D1-like dopamine receptor that couples to activation of phosphoinositide metabolism in brain. J. Neurochem. 62: 2045-2048.
108. Uylings, H.B. and van Eden, C.G. 1990. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the prefrontal cortex in rat and in primates, including humans. Prog. Brain Res. 85: 31-62.
109. Verkhratsky, A., Shmigol, A., Kirischuk, S., Pronchuk, N., and Kostyuk, P. 1994. Age-dependent changes in calcium currents and calcium homeostasis in mammalian neurons. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 747: 365-381.
110. Villalba, M., Pereira, R., Martinez-Serrano, A., and Satrustegui, J. 1995. Altered cell calcium regulation in synaptosomes and brain cells of the 30-month-old rat: Prominent effects in hippocampus. Neurobiol. Aging 16: 809-816.
111. 1 dopamine receptors potentiate nmda-mediated excitability increase in layer V prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons. Cereb. Cortex 11: 452-462.
112. Wang, H.Y., Undie, A.S., and Friedman, E. 1995. Evidence for the coupling of Gq protein to D1-like dopamine sites in rat striatum: Possible role in dopamine-mediated inositol phosphate formation. Mol. Pharmacol. 48: 988-994.
113. Wang, M., Ramos, B.P., Paspalas, C.D., Shu, Y., Simen, A., Duque, A., Vijayraghavan, S., Brennan, A., Dudley, A., Nou, E., et al. 2007. α2A-adrenoceptors strengthen working memory networks by inhibiting cAMP-HCN channel signaling in prefrontal cortex. Cell 129: 397-410.
114. Watanabe, T. and Niki, H. 1985. Hippocampal unit activity and delayed response in the monkey. Brain Res. 325: 241-254.
115. Weinberger, D.R. 1987. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44: 660-669.
116. Williams, G.V. and Castner, S.A. 2006. Under the curve: Critical issues for elucidating D1 receptor function in working memory. Neuroscience 139: 263-276.
117. Williams, S.M. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1993. Characterization of the dopaminergic innervation of the primate frontal cortex using a dopamine-specific antibody. Cereb. Cortex 3: 199-222.
118. Williams, G.V. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1995. Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature 376: 572-575.
119. Williams, G.V., Rao, S.G., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 2002. The physiological role of 5-HT2A receptors in working memory. J. Neurosci. 22: 2843-2854.
120. Woods, D.L. and Knight, R.T. 1986. Electrophysiologic evidence of increased distractibility after dorsolateral prefrontal lesions. Neurology 36: 212-216.
121. Yang, H.C. and Lee, E.H. 1993. Protein kinase C activation facilitates memory retention in rats. Chin. J. Physiol. 36: 115-123.
122. Young, C.E. and Yang, C.R. 2004. Dopamine D1/D5 receptor modulates state-dependent switching of soma-dendritic Ca2+ potentials via differential protein kinase A and C activation in rat prefrontal cortical neurons. J. Neurosci. 24: 8-23.
123. Zahrt, J., Taylor, J.R., Mathew, R.G., and Arnsten, A.F. 1997. Supranormal stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors in the rodent prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance. J. Neurosci. 17: 8528-8535.
124. Zeng, H., Chattarji, S., Barbarosie, M., Rondi-Reig, L., Philpot, B.D., Miyakawa, T., Bear, M.F., and Tonegawa, S. 2001. Forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout selectively impairs bidirectional synaptic plasticity and working/episodic-like memory. Cell 107: 617-629.
125. Zhang, K., Grady, C.J., Tsapakis, E.M., Andersen, S.L., Tarazi, F.I., and Baldessarini, R.J. 2004. Regulation of working memory by dopamine D4 receptor in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1648-1655.
126. Zhou, Y.D. and Fuster, J.M. 1997. Neuronal activity of somatosensory cortex in a cross-modal (visuo-haptic) memory task. Exp. Brain Res. 116: 551-555.