Pathogenesis of Parkinson disease

Japanese Journal of Geriatrics

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 415-421

  Takeuchi, Hiroki ^a   Takahashi, Ryosuke ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

synuclein; Oxidative stress; Parkinson disease; Pesticides; Ubiquitin proteasome system

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GENETICS; HUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE;

HUMANS; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 34548300035     PISSN: 03009173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Di Monte DA, Lavasani M, Manning-Bog AB: Environmental factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2002; 4-5: 487-502.
2. Martinez-Vicente M, Sovak G, Cuervo AM: Protein degradation and aging. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40 (8-9): 622-633.
3. Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA, Priyadarshi SS: Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: a metaanalysis. Environ Res 2001; 86 (2): 122-127.
4. Uversky VN: Neurotoxicant-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease: understanding the role of rotenone, maneb and paraquat in neurodegeneration, Cell Tissue Res 2004; 318 (1): 225-241.
5. Kitazawa M, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG: Dieldrin-induced oxidative stress and neurochemical changes contribute to apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31 (11): 1473-1485.
6. Manning-Bog AB, McCormack AL, Li J. Uversky VN, Fink AL, Di Monte DA: The herbicide paraquat causes up-regulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in mice: paraquat and alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 2002: 277 (3): 1641-1644.
7. Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G, Garcia-Osuna M, Panov AV, Greenamyre JT: Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci 2000; 12: 1301-1306.
8. Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T: Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11 (1): RA17-23.
9. Blum D, Torch S, Lambeng N, Nissou M, Benabid AL, Sadoul R, et al: Molecular pathways involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA, dopamine and MPTP: contribution to the apoptotic theory in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 65 (2): 135-172.
10. Naoi M, Maruyama W, Dosten P. Ota M, et al.: Dopamine-derived endogenous 1 (R), 2 (N)-dimethyl-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol, induced parkinsonism in rat: biochemical, pathological and behavioral studies, Brain Res 1996: 709 (2): 285-295.
11. Matsubara K, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita K, Koide H, Kimura K. et al.: beta-Carbolinium cations, endogenous MPP+ analogs, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1995; 45 (12): 2240-2245.
12. Matsubara K, Gonda T, Sawada H, Uezono T, Kobayashi Y, Akaike A: Endogenously occurring beta-carboline induces parkinsonism in nonprimate animals: a possible causative protoxin in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1998; 70 (2): 727-735.
13. McMillan G: Is electric arc welding linked to manganism or Parkinson's disease? Toxicol Rev 2005; 24 (4): 237-257.
14. McNaught KS, Olanow CW: Proteasome inhibitor-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2006; 60 (2): 243-247.
15. Beal F, Lang A: The proteasomal inhibition model of Parkinson's disease: "Boon or bust"? Ann Neurol 2006; 60 (2): 158-161.
16. Stephen L Hauser: Proteosome inhibitors revisited. Ann Neurol 2006; 60 (2): A10.
17. Inden M, Kondo J, Kitamura Y, Takata K, Nishimura K, Taniguchi T, et al.: Proteasome inhibitors protect against degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97 (2): 203-211.
18. Wirdefeldt K, Gatz M, Pawitan Y, Pedersen NL: Risk and protective factors for Parkinson's disease: a study in Swedish twins. Ann Neurol 2005; 57 (1): 27-33.
19. Ascherio A, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Willett Wc, et al.: Prospective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Ann Neurol 2001; 50 (1): 56-63.
20. Morens DM, Grandinetti A, Reed D, White LR, Ross GW: Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease: false association or etiologic clue? Neurology 1995; 45: 1041-1051.
21. Kihara T, Shimohama S, Sawada H, Honda K, Nakamizo T, Akaike A: alpha 7 nicotinic receptor transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to block Aß-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276 (17): 13541-13546.
22. Liu Q, Zhang J, Zhu H, Qin C, Chen Q, Zhao B; Dissecting the signaling pathway of nicotine-mediated neuroprotection in a mouse Alzheimer disease model. FASEB J 2007: 21 (1): 61-73.
23. Xie YX, Bezard E. Zhao BL: Investigating the receptor-independent neuroprotective mechanisms of nicotine in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2005; 280 (37): 32405-32412.
24. Suzuki T, Hide I. Matsubara A, Hama C, Harada K, Nakata Y, et al: Microglial alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors drive a phospholipase C/IP3 pathway and modulate the cell activation toward a neuroprotective role. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83 (8): 1461-1470.
25. Kalda A, Yu L, Oztas E, Chen JF: Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine ASA receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
26. Ton TG, Heckbert SR, Longstreth WT Jr, Rossing MA, Kukull WA, Checkoway H: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006; 21 (7): 964-969.
27. Japanese source
28. Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Nussbaum RL, et al.: Mutation in the alphasynuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 1997; 276 (5321): 2045-2047.
29. Kruger R, Kuhn W, Muller T, Woitalla D, Graeber M, Riess O, et al.: Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 1998; 18 (2): 106-108.
30. Zarranz JJ, Alegre J, Gomez-Esteban JC, Lezcano E, Ros R, de Yebenes JG, et al.: The new mutation, E46K, of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson and Lewy body dementia. Ann Neurol 2004; 55 (2): 164-173.
31. Chandra S, Gallardo G, Fernandez-Chacon R, Schluter OM, Sudhof TC: Alpha-synuclein cooperates with CSPalpha in preventing neurodegeneration, Cell 2005; 123 (3): 383-396.
32. Adamczyk A, Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB: Alpha-synuclein and its neurotoxic fragment inhibit dopamine uptake into rat striatal synaptosomes. Relationship to nitric oxide. Neurochem Int 2006; 49 (4): 407-412.
33. Hasegawa T, Matsuzaki-Kobayashi M, Takeda A, Sugeno N, Kikuchi A, Itoyama Y, et al.: Alpha-synuclein facilitates the toxicity of oxidized catechol metabolites: implications for selective neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. FEBS Lett 2006; 580 (8): 2147-2152.
34. Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Jakes R, Goedert M: Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature 1997; 388 (6645): 839-840.
35. Shimura H, Schlossmacher MG, Hattori N, Mizuno Y, Kosik KS, Selkoe DJ, et al.; Ubiquitination of a new form of alpha-synuclein by parkin from human brain: implications for Parkinson's disease. Science 2001; 293 (5528): 263-269.
36. Fujiwara H, Hasegawa M, Dohmae N, Kawashima A, Masliah E, Iwatsubo T, et al.: Alpha-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions. Nat Cell Biol 2002; 4 (2): 160-164.
37. Feany MB, Bender WW: A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Nature 2000; 404 (6776): 394-398.
38. Fleming SM, Fernagut PO, Chesselet MF: Genetic mouse models of parkinsonism: strengths and limitations. NeuroRx 2005; 2 (3): 495-503.
39. Singleton AB, Farrer M, Johnson J, Singleton A, Hague S, Gwinn-Hardy K, et al.: Alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease. Science 2003; 302 (5646): 841.
40. Nishioka K, Hayashi S, Farrer MJ, Singleton AB, Mizuno Y, Hattori N, et al: Clinical heterogeneity of alpha-synuclein gene duplication in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2006; 59 (2): 298-309.
41. Leroy E, Boyer R, Auburger G, Leube B, Ulm G, Polymeropoulos MH; The ubiquitin pathway in Parkinson's disease. Nature 1998; 395 (6701): 451-452.
42. Setsuie R, Wang YL, Mochizuki H, Mizuno Y, Noda M, Wada K, et al.: Dopaminergic neuronal loss in transgenic mice expressing the Parkinson's disease-associated UCH-Ll I93M mutant. Neurochem Int 2007; 50 (1): 119-129.
43. Liu Y, Fallon L, Lashuel HA, Liu Z, Lansbury PT Jr: The UCH-Ll gene encodes two opposing enzymatic activities that affect alpha-synuclein degradation and Parkinson's disease susceptibility. Cell 2002; 111 (2): 209-218.
44. PARK5 (UCH-L1).
45. Paisan-Ruiz C, Jain S, Evans EW, Gilks WP, Simon J, Singleton AB, et al.: Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease. Neuron 2004; 44 (4): 595-600.
46. Anthony HV Schapira: Etiology of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2006; 66: S10-S23.
47. Mata IF, Wedemeyer WJ, Farrer MJ, Taylor JP. Gallo KA; LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease: protein domains and functional insights. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29 (5): 286-293.
48. West AB, Moore DJ, Smith WW, Ross CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, et al.: Parkinson's disease-associated mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 augment kinase activity. PNAS 2005; 102 (46): 16842-16847.
49. Giasson BI, Covy JP, Bonini NM, Hurtig HI, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, et al.: Biochemical and pathological characterization of Lrrk2. Ann Neurol 2006; 59 (2): 315-322
50. Japanese source
51. Yamamura Y, Sobue I, Ando K, Iida M, Yanagi T: Paralysis agitans of early onset with marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms. Neurology 1973; 23 (3): 239-244.
52. Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N, Yokochi M, Mizuno Y, Shimizu N, et al.: Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature 1998; 392 (6676): 605-608.
53. Hattori N, Kitada T, Kuzuhara S, Nakamura S, Shimizu N, Mizuno Y, et al.: Molecular genetic analysis of a novel Parkin gene in Japanese families with autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism: evidence for variable homozygous deletions in the Parkin gene in affected individuals. Ann Neurol 1998; 44 (6): 935-941.
54. Hedrich K, Eskelson C, Ozelius LJ, Pramstaller PP, Klein C, Kramer P, et al: Distribution, type, and origin of Parkin mutations: review and case studies. Mov Disord 2004; 19 (10): 1146-1157.
55. Chung KK, Thomas B, Troncoso JC, Marsh L, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, et al.: S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates ubiquitination and compromises parkin's protective function. Science 2004; 304 (5675): 1328-1331.
56. Yao D, Gu Z, Nakamura T, Masliah E, Uehara T, Lipton SA, et al.: Nitrosative stress linked to sporadic Parkinson's disease. S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. PNAS 2004; 101 (29): 10810-10814.
57. Imai Y, Soda M, Inoue H, Hattori N, Mizuno Y, Takahashi R: An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin. Cell 2001; 105 (7): 891-902.
58. Takahashi R, Imai Y: Pael receptor, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2003; 250 Suppl3 : III25-29.
59. Murakami T, Shoji M, Imai Y, Inoue H, Kawarabayashi T, Matsubara E, et al.: Pael-R is accumulated in Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2004; 55 (3): 439-442.
60. Valente EM, Abou-Sleiman PM, Caputo V, Dallapiccola B, Auburger G, Wood Nw, et al.: Hereditary early-onset Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in PINK1. Science 2004; 304 (5674): 1158-1160.
61. Bonifati V, Rohe CF, Breedveld GJ, Fabrizio E, De Mari M, Oostra BA, et al.: Early-onset parkinsonism associated with PINK1 mutations: frequency, genotypes, and phenotypes. Neurology 2005; 65 (1): 87-95.
62. Valente EM, Salvi S, Ialongo T, Marongiu R, Elia AE, Bentivoglio AR, et al: PINK1 mutations are associated with sporadic early-onset parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2004; 56 (3): 336-341.
63. Hatano Y, Li Y, Sato K, Asakawa S, Mizuno Y, Hattori N, et al.: Novel PINK1 mutations in early-onset parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2004; 56 (3): 424-427.
64. Rohe CF, Montagna P, Breedveld G, Cortelli P, Oostra BA, Bonifati V: Homozygous PINK1 C-terminus mutation causing early-onset parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2004; 56 (3): 427-431.
65. Schulenberg B, Aggeler R, Beechem JM, Capaldi RA, Patton WF: Analysis of steady-state protein phosphorylation in mitochondria using a novel fluorescent phosphosensor dye. J Biol Chem 2003; 278 (29): 27251-27255.
66. Chen R, Fearnley IM. Peak-Chew SY, Walker JE: The phosphorylation of subunits of complex I from bovine heart mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2004; 279 (25): 26036-26045.
67. Murray J, Marusich MF, Capaldi RA, Aggeler R: Focused proteomics: monoclonal antibody-based isolation of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery and detection of phosphoproteins using a fluorescent phosphoprotein gel stain. Electrophoresis 2004; 25 (15): 2520-2525.
68. Schulenberg B, Goodman TN, Aggeler R, Capaldi RA, Patton WF: Characterization of dynamic and steady-state protein phosphorylation using a fluorescent phosphoprotein gel stain and mass spectrometry, Electrophoresis 2004; 25 (15): 2526-2532.
69. Gandhi S, Muqit MM, Stanyer L, Healy DG, Abou-Sleiman PM, Revesz T, et al: PINK1 protein in normal human brain and Parkinson's disease. Brain 2006; 129 (Pt 7): 1720-1731.
70. Murakami T, Moriwaki Y, Harigaya Y, Shoji M, Takahashi R, Abe K: PINK1, a gene product of PARK6, accumulates in alpha-synucleinopathy brains. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; Epub ahead of print.
71. Bonifati V, Rizzu P, van Baren MJ, Schaap O, Breedveld GJ, Heutink P, et al.: Mutations in the DJ-1 gene associated with autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. Science 2003; 299 (5604): 256-259.
72. Dekker M, Bonifati V, van Swieten J, Leenders N, Galjaard RJ, van Duijn C, et al.: Clinical features and neuroimaging of PARK7-linked parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2003; 18 (7): 751-757.
73. Meulener MC, Xu K, Thomson L, Ischiropoulos H, Bonini NM: Mutational analysis of DJ-1 in Drosophila implicates functional inactivation by oxidative damage and aging. PNAS 2006; 103 (33): 12517-12522.
74. Shinbo Y, Niki T, Maita C, Seino C, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H, et al: Proper SUMO-1 conjugation is essential to DJ-1 to exert its full activities. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13 (1): 96-108.
75. Takahashi-Niki K, Niki T, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H: Reduced anti-oxidative stress activities of DJ-1 mutants found in Parkinson's disease patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 320 (2): 389-397.
76. Olzmann JA, Brown K, Wilkinson KD, Rees HD, Huai Q, Chin LS, et al.: Familial Parkinson's disease-associated L166P mutation disrupts DJ-1 protein folding and function. J Biol Chem 2004; 279 (9): 8506-8515.
77. Yokota T, Sugawara K, Ito K, Takahashi R, Ariga H, Mizusawa H: Down regulation of DJ-1 enhances cell death by oxidative stress, ER stress, and proteasome inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312 (4): 1342-1348.
78. Ramirez A, Heimbach A, Grundemann J, Stiller B, Hampshire D, Kubisch C, et al: Hereditary parkinsonism with dementia is caused by mutations in ATP13A2, encoding a lysosomal type 5 P-type ATPase. Nat Genet 2006; 38 (10): 1184-1191.
79. Williams DR, Hadeed A, al-Din AS, Wreikat AL, Lees AJ: Kufor Rakeb disease: autosomal recessive, levodoparesponsive parkinsonism with pyramidal degeneration, supranuclear gaze palsy, and dementia. Mov Disord 2005; 20 (10): 1264-1271.
80. Strauss KM, Martins LM, Plun-Favreau H, Marx FP, Kautzmann S, Kruger R: Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding Omi/HtrA2 in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14 (15): 2099-2111.
81. El-Agnaf OM, Curran MD, Wallace A, Middleton D, Murgatroyd C, Jaros E, et al: Mutation screening in exons 3 and 4 of alpha-synuclein in sporadic Parkinson's and sporadic and familial dementia with Lewy bodies cases. Neuroreport 1998; 9 (17): 3925-3927.