메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4-5, 2002, Pages 487-502

Environmental factors in Parkinson's disease

Author keywords

MPTP; Neurodegeneration; Neurotoxicant; Pesticides; Smoking

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NEUROTOXIN; ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; PESTICIDE;

EID: 0036777177     PISSN: 0161813X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00099-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (213)

References (161)
  • 1
    • 0025688141 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory inhibition by N-methylated beta-carboline derivatives structurally resembling N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine
    • Albores R, Neafsey EJ, Drucker G, Fields JZ, Collins MA. Mitochondrial respiratory inhibition by N-methylated beta-carboline derivatives structurally resembling N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:9368-72.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 9368-9372
    • Albores, R.1    Neafsey, E.J.2    Drucker, G.3    Fields, J.Z.4    Collins, M.A.5
  • 2
    • 0021829406 scopus 로고
    • Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): Seven cases
    • Ballard PA, Tetrud JW, Langston JW. Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): seven cases. Neurology 1985;35:949-56.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 949-956
    • Ballard, P.A.1    Tetrud, J.W.2    Langston, J.W.3
  • 4
    • 0015745743 scopus 로고
    • Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations
    • Bernheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O, Jellinger K, Seitelberger F. Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1973;20:415-55.
    • (1973) J Neurol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 415-455
    • Bernheimer, H.1    Birkmayer, W.2    Hornykiewicz, O.3    Jellinger, K.4    Seitelberger, F.5
  • 6
    • 0033594348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and reversible parkinsonism due to organophosphate pesticide intoxication: Five cases
    • Bhatt MH, Elias MA, Mankodi AK. Acute and reversible parkinsonism due to organophosphate pesticide intoxication: five cases. Neurology 1999;52:1467-71.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 1467-1471
    • Bhatt, M.H.1    Elias, M.A.2    Mankodi, A.K.3
  • 8
    • 0027321004 scopus 로고
    • 2-Deoxyglucose enhances 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-induced ATP loss in the mouse brain
    • Chan P, Langston JW, Irwin I, DeLanney LE, Di Monte DA. 2- Deoxyglucose enhances 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-induced ATP loss in the mouse brain. J Neurochem 1993;61:610-6.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , pp. 610-616
    • Chan, P.1    Langston, J.W.2    Irwin, I.3    DeLanney, L.E.4    Di Monte, D.A.5
  • 11
    • 0026598930 scopus 로고
    • Irreversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium: Evidence for free radical involvement
    • Cleeter MW, Cooper JM, Schapira AH. Irreversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium: evidence for free radical involvement. J Neurochem 1992;58:786-9.
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.58 , pp. 786-789
    • Cleeter, M.W.1    Cooper, J.M.2    Schapira, A.H.3
  • 12
    • 28044464985 scopus 로고
    • Reversible inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
    • Cleeter MW, Cooper JM, Darley-Usmar VM, Moncada S, Schapira AH. Reversible inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. FEBS Lett 1994;345:50-4.
    • (1994) FEBS Lett , vol.345 , pp. 50-54
    • Cleeter, M.W.1    Cooper, J.M.2    Darley-Usmar, V.M.3    Moncada, S.4    Schapira, A.H.5
  • 13
    • 0021023767 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines: O-methylation patterns and regional brain distribution following intraventricular administration in rats
    • Collins MA, Origitano TC. Catecholamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines: O-methylation patterns and regional brain distribution following intraventricular administration in rats. J Neurochem 1983;41:1569-75.
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.41 , pp. 1569-1575
    • Collins, M.A.1    Origitano, T.C.2
  • 14
    • 0031787871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease
    • Conway KA, Harper JD, Lansbury PT. Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nat Med 1998;4:1318-20.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1318-1320
    • Conway, K.A.1    Harper, J.D.2    Lansbury, P.T.3
  • 15
    • 0032051813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diorthosubstituted polychlorinated biphenyls in caudate nucleus in Parkinson's disease
    • Corrigan FM, Murray L, Wyatt CL, Shore RF. Diorthosubstituted polychlorinated biphenyls in caudate nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 1998;150:339-42.
    • (1998) Exp Neurol , vol.150 , pp. 339-342
    • Corrigan, F.M.1    Murray, L.2    Wyatt, C.L.3    Shore, R.F.4
  • 16
    • 0022349344 scopus 로고
    • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity in mice is enhanced by pretreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate
    • Corsini GU, Pintus S, Chiueh CC, Weiss JF, Kopin IJ. 1-Methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity in mice is enhanced by pretreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate. Eur J Pharmacol 1985;119:127-8.
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.119 , pp. 127-128
    • Corsini, G.U.1    Pintus, S.2    Chiueh, C.C.3    Weiss, J.F.4    Kopin, I.J.5
  • 17
    • 0032569674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + and ATP induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): Prevention by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor benzamide
    • + and ATP induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): prevention by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor benzamide. Brain Res 1998;809:58-67.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.809 , pp. 58-67
    • Cosi, C.1    Marien, M.2
  • 18
    • 0032581179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and nicotinic receptor binding and the levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain related to tobacco use
    • Court JA, Lloyd S, Thomas N, Piggot MA, Marshall EF, Morris CM, et al. Dopamine and nicotinic receptor binding and the levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid in human brain related to tobacco use. Neuroscience 1998;87:63-78.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.87 , pp. 63-78
    • Court, J.A.1    Lloyd, S.2    Thomas, N.3    Piggot, M.A.4    Marshall, E.F.5    Morris, C.M.6
  • 19
    • 0023896746 scopus 로고
    • Energy-driven uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium into chromaffin granules via the catecholamine transporter
    • Daniels AJ, Reinhard Jr, JF. Energy-driven uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium into chromaffin granules via the catecholamine transporter. J Biol Chem 1988;263:5034-6.
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 5034-5036
    • Daniels, A.J.1    Reinhard, J.F.2
  • 20
    • 0018192294 scopus 로고
    • Single case study. Possible organophosphate-induced parkinsonism
    • Davis KL, Yesavage JA, Berger PA. Single case study. Possible organophosphate-induced parkinsonism. J Nerv Ment Dis 1978;166:222-5.
    • (1978) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.166 , pp. 222-225
    • Davis, K.L.1    Yesavage, J.A.2    Berger, P.A.3
  • 21
    • 0023185105 scopus 로고
    • A dopaminergic cell line variant resistant to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • Denton T, Howard BD. A dopaminergic cell line variant resistant to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. J Neurochem 1987;49:622-30.
    • (1987) J Neurochem , vol.49 , pp. 622-630
    • Denton, T.1    Howard, B.D.2
  • 22
    • 0024356620 scopus 로고
    • Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease
    • Dexter DT, Wells FR, Lees AJ, Agid F, Agid Y, Jenner P, et al. Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1989;52:1830-6.
    • (1989) J Neurochem , vol.52 , pp. 1830-1836
    • Dexter, D.T.1    Wells, F.R.2    Lees, A.J.3    Agid, F.4    Agid, Y.5    Jenner, P.6
  • 24
    • 0008973969 scopus 로고
    • MPTP-induced parkinsonism in non-human primates
    • Schneider JS, Gupta M, editors. Kirkland (WA): Hogrefe & Huber Publishers
    • Di Monte D, Langston JW. MPTP-induced parkinsonism in non-human primates. In: Schneider JS, Gupta M, editors. Current concepts in Parkinson's disease research. Kirkland (WA): Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; 1993. p. 159-79.
    • (1993) Current Concepts in Parkinson's Disease Research , pp. 159-179
    • Di Monte, D.1    Langston, J.W.2
  • 25
    • 0022490352 scopus 로고
    • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) cause rapid ATP depletion in hepatocytes
    • Di Monte D, Jewell SA, Ekstrom G, Sandy MS, Smith MT. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) cause rapid ATP depletion in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;137:310-5.
    • (1986) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.137 , pp. 310-315
    • Di Monte, D.1    Jewell, S.A.2    Ekstrom, G.3    Sandy, M.S.4    Smith, M.T.5
  • 26
    • 0026694525 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione in Parkinson's disease: A link between oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage?
    • Di Monte DA, Chan P, Sandy MS. Glutathione in Parkinson's disease: a link between oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage? Ann Neurol 1992;32(Suppl):S111-5.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. S111-S115
    • Di Monte, D.A.1    Chan, P.2    Sandy, M.S.3
  • 27
    • 0030930826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of monoamine oxidase contributes to the protective effect of 7-nitroindazole against MPTP neurotoxicity
    • Di Monte DA, Royland JE, Anderson A, Castagnoli K, Castagnoli Jr, N, Langston JW. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase contributes to the protective effect of 7-nitroindazole against MPTP neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 1997;69:1771-3.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 1771-1773
    • Di Monte, D.A.1    Royland, J.E.2    Anderson, A.3    Castagnoli, K.4    Castagnoli, N.5    Langston, J.W.6
  • 28
    • 0034114557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship among nigrostriatal denervation, parkinsonism, and dyskinesias in the MPTP primate model
    • Di Monte DA, McCormack A, Petzinger G, Janson AM, Quik M, Langston JW. Relationship among nigrostriatal denervation, parkinsonism, and dyskinesias in the MPTP primate model. Mov Disord 2000;15:459-66.
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , pp. 459-466
    • Di Monte, D.A.1    McCormack, A.2    Petzinger, G.3    Janson, A.M.4    Quik, M.5    Langston, J.W.6
  • 29
    • 0025101783 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine uptake inhibitory capacities of beta-carboline and 3,4-dihydro-beta- carboline analogs of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) oxidation products
    • Drucker G, Raikoff K, Neafsey EJ, Collins MA. Dopamine uptake inhibitory capacities of beta-carboline and 3,4-dihydro-beta- carboline analogs of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) oxidation products. Brain Res 1990;509:125-33.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.509 , pp. 125-133
    • Drucker, G.1    Raikoff, K.2    Neafsey, E.J.3    Collins, M.A.4
  • 30
    • 0014240538 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Parkinson's disease including x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy of formalin fixed brain tissue
    • Earle KM. Studies on Parkinson's disease including x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy of formalin fixed brain tissue. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1968;27:1-14.
    • (1968) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 1-14
    • Earle, K.M.1
  • 31
    • 0023698005 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a paraquat containing herbicide, Gramoxon, on the central monoamines and acetylcholine in mice
    • Endo A, Hara S, Kano S, Kuriiwa F. Effects of a paraquat containing herbicide, Gramoxon, on the central monoamines and acetylcholine in mice. Res Commun Psychol Psychiatr Behav 1988;13:261-70.
    • (1988) Res Commun Psychol Psychiatr Behav , vol.13 , pp. 261-270
    • Endo, A.1    Hara, S.2    Kano, S.3    Kuriiwa, F.4
  • 33
    • 0032924712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and occupational factors influencing the risk of Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in southeastern Sweden
    • Fall PA, Fredrikson M, Axelson O, Granerus AK. Nutritional and occupational factors influencing the risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in southeastern Sweden. Mov Disord 1999;14:28-37.
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 28-37
    • Fall, P.A.1    Fredrikson, M.2    Axelson, O.3    Granerus, A.K.4
  • 34
    • 0031005815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic administration of rotenone produces selective damage in the striatum and globus pallidus, but not in the substantia nigra
    • Ferrante RJ, Schulz JB, Kowall NW, Beal MF. Systemic administration of rotenone produces selective damage in the striatum and globus pallidus, but not in the substantia nigra. Brain Res 1997;753:157-62.
    • (1997) Brain Res , vol.753 , pp. 157-162
    • Ferrante, R.J.1    Schulz, J.B.2    Kowall, N.W.3    Beal, M.F.4
  • 35
    • 0023882918 scopus 로고
    • Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS manganese intoxication
    • Ferraz HB, Bertolucci PH, Pereira JS, Lima JG, Andrade LA. Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS manganese intoxication. Neurology 1988;38:550-3.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 550-553
    • Ferraz, H.B.1    Bertolucci, P.H.2    Pereira, J.S.3    Lima, J.G.4    Andrade, L.A.5
  • 40
    • 0030877835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine transporter is required for in vivo MPTP neurotoxicity: Evidence from mice lacking the transporter
    • Gainetdinov RR, Fumagalli F, Jones SR, Caron MG. Dopamine transporter is required for in vivo MPTP neurotoxicity: evidence from mice lacking the transporter. J Neurochem 1997;69:1322-5.
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 1322-1325
    • Gainetdinov, R.R.1    Fumagalli, F.2    Jones, S.R.3    Caron, M.G.4
  • 41
    • 0034210323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased beta-carboline 9N-methyltransferase activity in the frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease
    • Gearhart DA, Collins MA, Lee JM, Neafsey EJ. Increased beta-carboline 9N-methyltransferase activity in the frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2000;7:201-11.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Dis , vol.7 , pp. 201-211
    • Gearhart, D.A.1    Collins, M.A.2    Lee, J.M.3    Neafsey, E.J.4
  • 42
    • 0025273787 scopus 로고
    • Follow-up study of early-life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease
    • Golbe LI, Farrell TM, Davis PH. Follow-up study of early-life protective and risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1990;5:66-70.
    • (1990) Mov Disord , vol.5 , pp. 66-70
    • Golbe, L.I.1    Farrell, T.M.2    Davis, P.H.3
  • 44
    • 0031843721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming well water, and rural living
    • Gorell JM, Johnson CC, Rybicki BA, Peterson EL, Richardson RJ. The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming well water, and rural living. Neurology 1998;50:1346-50.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1346-1350
    • Gorell, J.M.1    Johnson, C.C.2    Rybicki, B.A.3    Peterson, E.L.4    Richardson, R.J.5
  • 46
    • 0028227893 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Grandinetti A, Morens DM, Reed D, MacEachern D. Prospective study of cigarette smoking and the risk of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:1129-38.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 1129-1138
    • Grandinetti, A.1    Morens, D.M.2    Reed, D.3    MacEachern, D.4
  • 47
    • 0018095085 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinines
    • Graham DG. Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinines. Mol Pharmacol 1978;14:633-43.
    • (1978) Mol Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 633-643
    • Graham, D.G.1
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0023233199 scopus 로고
    • The use of the MPTP-treated mouse as an animal model of parkinsonism
    • Heikkila RE, Sonsalla PK. The use of the MPTP-treated mouse as an animal model of parkinsonism. Can J Neurol Sci 1987;14:436-40.
    • (1987) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.14 , pp. 436-440
    • Heikkila, R.E.1    Sonsalla, P.K.2
  • 50
    • 0022403289 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic toxicity of rotenone and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion after their stereotaxic administration to rats: Implications for the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity
    • Heikkila RE, Nicklas WJ, Vyas I, Duvoisin RC. Dopaminergic toxicity of rotenone and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion after their stereotaxic administration to rats: implications for the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity. Neurosci Lett 1985;62:389-94.
    • (1985) Neurosci Lett , vol.62 , pp. 389-394
    • Heikkila, R.E.1    Nicklas, W.J.2    Vyas, I.3    Duvoisin, R.C.4
  • 51
    • 0017294656 scopus 로고
    • In vivo inhibition of superoxide dismutase in mice by diethyldithiocarbamate
    • Heikkila RE, Cabbat FS, Cohen G. In vivo inhibition of superoxide dismutase in mice by diethyldithiocarbamate. J Biol Chem 1976;251:2182-5.
    • (1976) J Biol Chem , vol.251 , pp. 2182-2185
    • Heikkila, R.E.1    Cabbat, F.S.2    Cohen, G.3
  • 53
    • 0025230379 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: A case-control study of occupational and environmental risk factors
    • Hertzman C, Wiens M, Bowering D, Snow B, Calne D. Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of occupational and environmental risk factors. Am J Ind Med 1990;17:349-55.
    • (1990) Am J Ind Med , vol.17 , pp. 349-355
    • Hertzman, C.1    Wiens, M.2    Bowering, D.3    Snow, B.4    Calne, D.5
  • 54
    • 0024450640 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong
    • Ho SC, Woo J, Lee CM. Epidemiological study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong. Neurology 1989;39:1314-8.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 1314-1318
    • Ho, S.C.1    Woo, J.2    Lee, C.M.3
  • 55
    • 0023829708 scopus 로고
    • Dithiocarbamates and Parkinson's disease
    • Hoogenraad TU. Dithiocarbamates and Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1988;1:767.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 767
    • Hoogenraad, T.U.1
  • 57
    • 0023280419 scopus 로고
    • The effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on the biodisposition of MPTP: An explanation for enhanced neurotoxicity
    • Irwin I, Wu EY, DeLanney LE, Trevor A, Langston JW. The effect of diethyldithiocarbamate on the biodisposition of MPTP: an explanation for enhanced neurotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 1987;141:209-17.
    • (1987) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.141 , pp. 209-217
    • Irwin, I.1    Wu, E.Y.2    DeLanney, L.E.3    Trevor, A.4    Langston, J.W.5
  • 59
    • 0028784523 scopus 로고
    • Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • Jackson-Lewis V, Jakowec M, Burke RE, Przedborski S. Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neurodegeneration 1995;4:257-69.
    • (1995) Neurodegeneration , vol.4 , pp. 257-269
    • Jackson-Lewis, V.1    Jakowec, M.2    Burke, R.E.3    Przedborski, S.4
  • 60
    • 0027489890 scopus 로고
    • Chronic nicotine treatment counteracts nigral cell loss induced by a partial mesodiencephalic hemitransection: An analysis of the total number and mean volume of neurons and glia in substantia nigra of the male rat
    • Janson AM, Moller A. Chronic nicotine treatment counteracts nigral cell loss induced by a partial mesodiencephalic hemitransection: an analysis of the total number and mean volume of neurons and glia in substantia nigra of the male rat. Neuroscience 1993;57:931-41.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.57 , pp. 931-941
    • Janson, A.M.1    Moller, A.2
  • 61
    • 0026528017 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on MPTP-(1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the black mouse
    • Janson AM, Fuxe K, Goldstein M. Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine treatment on MPTP-(1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the black mouse. Clin Invest 1992;70:232-8.
    • (1992) Clin Invest , vol.70 , pp. 232-238
    • Janson, A.M.1    Fuxe, K.2    Goldstein, M.3
  • 62
    • 0000340348 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: Uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity
    • Javitch JA, D'Amato RJ, Strittmatter SM, Snyder SH. Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:2173-7.
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.82 , pp. 2173-2177
    • Javitch, J.A.1    D'Amato, R.J.2    Strittmatter, S.M.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 63
    • 0031952528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel endogenous 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives: Uptake by dopamine transporter and activity to induce parkinsonism
    • Kawai H, Makino Y, Hirobe M, Ohta S. Novel endogenous 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives: uptake by dopamine transporter and activity to induce parkinsonism. J Neurochem 1998;70:745-51.
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 745-751
    • Kawai, H.1    Makino, Y.2    Hirobe, M.3    Ohta, S.4
  • 64
    • 0033978523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor from tobacco leaves
    • Khalil AA, Steyn S, Castagnoli Jr, N. Isolation and characterization of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor from tobacco leaves. Chem Res Toxicol 2000;13:31-5.
    • (2000) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.13 , pp. 31-35
    • Khalil, A.A.1    Steyn, S.2    Castagnoli, N.3
  • 65
    • 0033993641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase show increased vulnerability to malonate, 3-nitropropionic acid, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • Klivenyi P, Andreassen OA, Ferrante RJ, Dedeoglu A, Mueller G, Lancelot E, et al. Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase show increased vulnerability to malonate, 3-nitropropionic acid, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. J Neurosci 2000;20:1-7.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 1-7
    • Klivenyi, P.1    Andreassen, O.A.2    Ferrante, R.J.3    Dedeoglu, A.4    Mueller, G.5    Lancelot, E.6
  • 66
    • 0022762974 scopus 로고
    • Paraquat and Parkinson's disease
    • Koller WC. Paraquat and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1986;36:1147.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 1147
    • Koller, W.C.1
  • 69
    • 0028850564 scopus 로고
    • 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: A novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF
    • Kotake Y, Tasaki Y, Makino Y, Ohta S, Hirobe M. 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline as a parkinsonism-inducing agent: a novel endogenous amine in mouse brain and parkinsonian CSF. J Neurochem 1995;65:2633-8.
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.65 , pp. 2633-2638
    • Kotake, Y.1    Tasaki, Y.2    Makino, Y.3    Ohta, S.4    Hirobe, M.5
  • 71
    • 0031990490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
    • Kruger R, Kuhn W, Muller T, Woitalla D, Graeber M, Kosel S, et al. Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 1998;18:106-8.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.18 , pp. 106-108
    • Kruger, R.1    Kuhn, W.2    Muller, T.3    Woitalla, D.4    Graeber, M.5    Kosel, S.6
  • 72
    • 0026162723 scopus 로고
    • The next frontier in Parkinson's disease: Presymptomatic detection
    • Langston JW, Koller WC. The next frontier in Parkinson's disease: presymptomatic detection. Neurology 1991;41(5 (Suppl 2)):5-7.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 5-7
    • Langston, J.W.1    Koller, W.C.2
  • 73
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I. Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 1983;219:979-80.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 74
    • 0032829070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure
    • Langston JW, Forno LS, Tetrud J, Reeves AG, Kaplan JA, Karluk D. Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure. Ann Neurol 1999;46:598-605.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 598-605
    • Langston, J.W.1    Forno, L.S.2    Tetrud, J.3    Reeves, A.G.4    Kaplan, J.A.5    Karluk, D.6
  • 75
    • 0032710609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease
    • Liberatore GT, Jackson-Lewis V, Vukosavic S, Mandir AS, Vila M, McAuliffe WG, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nat Med 1999;12:1403-9.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.12 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Liberatore, G.T.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Vukosavic, S.3    Mandir, A.S.4    Vila, M.5    McAuliffe, W.G.6
  • 76
    • 0030878320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in Taiwan
    • Liou HH, Tsai MC, Chen CJ, Jeng JS, Chang YC, Chen SY, et al. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Taiwan. Neurology 1997;48:1583-8.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1583-1588
    • Liou, H.H.1    Tsai, M.C.2    Chen, C.J.3    Jeng, J.S.4    Chang, Y.C.5    Chen, S.Y.6
  • 77
    • 0027194540 scopus 로고
    • A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds
    • Lipton SA, Choi YB, Pan ZH, Lei SZ, Chen HS, Sucher NJ, et al. A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 1993;364:626-32.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 626-632
    • Lipton, S.A.1    Choi, Y.B.2    Pan, Z.H.3    Lei, S.Z.4    Chen, H.S.5    Sucher, N.J.6
  • 78
    • 0031003702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and MPTP-induced toxicity in the common marmoset
    • Mackenzie GM, Jackson MJ, Jenner P, Marsden CD. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and MPTP-induced toxicity in the common marmoset. Synapse 1997;26:301-16.
    • (1997) Synapse , vol.26 , pp. 301-316
    • Mackenzie, G.M.1    Jackson, M.J.2    Jenner, P.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 79
    • 0023894885 scopus 로고
    • Presence of tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-methyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline in foods: Compounds related to Parkinson's disease
    • Makino Y, Ohta S, Tachikawa O, Hirobe M. Presence of tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-methyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline in foods: compounds related to Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 1988;43:373-8.
    • (1988) Life Sci , vol.43 , pp. 373-378
    • Makino, Y.1    Ohta, S.2    Tachikawa, O.3    Hirobe, M.4
  • 81
    • 0030056696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Parkinson's disease among first-degree relatives: A community-based study
    • Marder K, Tang MX, Mejia H, Alfaro B, Cote L, Louis E, et al. Risk of Parkinson's disease among first-degree relatives: A community-based study. Neurology 1996;47:155-60.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 155-160
    • Marder, K.1    Tang, M.X.2    Mejia, H.3    Alfaro, B.4    Cote, L.5    Louis, E.6
  • 82
    • 0031883433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease in an urban multiethnic community
    • Marder K, Logroscino G, Alfaro B, Mejia H, Halim A, Louis E, et al. Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease in an urban multiethnic community. Neurology 1998;50:279-81.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 279-281
    • Marder, K.1    Logroscino, G.2    Alfaro, B.3    Mejia, H.4    Halim, A.5    Louis, E.6
  • 83
    • 0027304231 scopus 로고
    • The high sensitivity to rotenone of striatal dopamine uptake suggests the existence of a constitutive metabolic deficiency in dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra
    • Marey-Semper I, Gelman M, Levi-Strauss M. The high sensitivity to rotenone of striatal dopamine uptake suggests the existence of a constitutive metabolic deficiency in dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. Eur J Neurosci 1993;5:1029-34.
    • (1993) Eur J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Marey-Semper, I.1    Gelman, M.2    Levi-Strauss, M.3
  • 84
    • 0029052829 scopus 로고
    • A selective toxicity toward cultured mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons is induced by the synergistic effects of energetic metabolism impairment and NMDA receptor activation
    • Marey-Semper I, Gelman M, Levi-Strauss M. A selective toxicity toward cultured mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons is induced by the synergistic effects of energetic metabolism impairment and NMDA receptor activation. J Neurosci 1995;15:5912-8.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 5912-5918
    • Marey-Semper, I.1    Gelman, M.2    Levi-Strauss, M.3
  • 85
    • 0028059643 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine protects cultured striatal neurones against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity
    • Marin P, Maus M, Desagher S, Glowinski J, Premont J. Nicotine protects cultured striatal neurones against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. NeuroReport 1994;5:1977-80.
    • (1994) NeuroReport , vol.5 , pp. 1977-1980
    • Marin, P.1    Maus, M.2    Desagher, S.3    Glowinski, J.4    Premont, J.5
  • 86
    • 0024439793 scopus 로고
    • The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl- 4-phenylpyridinium in cultured cerebellar granule cells
    • Marini AM, Schwartz JP, Kopin IJ. The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl- 4-phenylpyridinium in cultured cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci 1989;9:3665-72.
    • (1989) J Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 3665-3672
    • Marini, A.M.1    Schwartz, J.P.2    Kopin, I.J.3
  • 87
    • 0026753805 scopus 로고
    • N-methylation of dopamine-derived 6,7-dihdroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, (R)-salsolinol, in rat brains: In vivo microdialysis study
    • Maruyama W, Nakahara D, Ota M, Takahashi T, Takahashi A, Nagatsu T, et al. N-methylation of dopamine-derived 6,7-dihdroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, (R)-salsolinol, in rat brains: in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurochem 1992;59:395-400.
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.59 , pp. 395-400
    • Maruyama, W.1    Nakahara, D.2    Ota, M.3    Takahashi, T.4    Takahashi, A.5    Nagatsu, T.6
  • 88
    • 0026777955 scopus 로고
    • Novel S-adenosyl- methionine-dependent indole-N-methylation of beta-carbolines in brain particulate fractions
    • Matsubara K, Neafsey EJ, Collins MA. Novel S-adenosyl- methionine-dependent indole-N-methylation of beta-carbolines in brain particulate fractions. J Neurochem 1992;59:511-8.
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.59 , pp. 511-518
    • Matsubara, K.1    Neafsey, E.J.2    Collins, M.A.3
  • 89
    • 0027252719 scopus 로고
    • Potential bioactivated neurotoxicants, N-methylated beta-carbolinium ions, are present in human brain
    • Matsubara K, Collins MA, Akane A, Ikebuchi J, Neafsey EJ, Kagawa M, et al. Potential bioactivated neurotoxicants, N-methylated beta-carbolinium ions, are present in human brain. Brain Res 1993;610:90-6.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.610 , pp. 90-96
    • Matsubara, K.1    Collins, M.A.2    Akane, A.3    Ikebuchi, J.4    Neafsey, E.J.5    Kagawa, M.6
  • 90
    • 0029440852 scopus 로고
    • Beta-Carbolinium cations endogenous MPP+ analogs, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Matsubara K, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita K, Koide H, Hatta M, et al. beta-Carbolinium cations endogenous MPP+ analogs, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1995;45:2240-5.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 2240-2245
    • Matsubara, K.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Kobayashi, Y.3    Yamashita, K.4    Koide, H.5    Hatta, M.6
  • 91
    • 0031952527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenously occurring beta-carboline induces parkinsonism in nonprimate animals: A possible causative protoxin in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Matsubara K, Gonda T, Sawada H, Uezono T, Kobayashi T, Ohtaki K, et al. Endogenously occurring beta-carboline induces parkinsonism in nonprimate animals: a possible causative protoxin in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1998;70:727-35.
    • (1998) J Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 727-735
    • Matsubara, K.1    Gonda, T.2    Sawada, H.3    Uezono, T.4    Kobayashi, T.5    Ohtaki, K.6
  • 92
    • 0036075892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: Selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons caused by the herbicide paraquat
    • McCormack AL, Thiruchelvam M, Manning-Bog AB, Thiffault C, Langston JW, Cory-Slechta DA, et al. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons caused by the herbicide paraquat. Neurobiol Dis 2002;10:119-27.
    • (2002) Neurobiol Dis , vol.10 , pp. 119-127
    • McCormack, A.L.1    Thiruchelvam, M.2    Manning-Bog, A.B.3    Thiffault, C.4    Langston, J.W.5    Cory-Slechta, D.A.6
  • 94
    • 0028064283 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate)
    • Meco G, Bonifati V, Vanacore N, Fabrizio E. Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate). Scand J Work Environ Health 1994;20:301-5.
    • (1994) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.20 , pp. 301-305
    • Meco, G.1    Bonifati, V.2    Vanacore, N.3    Fabrizio, E.4
  • 95
    • 0025278873 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenypyridinium for rat dopaminergic neurons in culture: Selectivity and irreversibility
    • Michel PP, Dandapani BK, Knusel B, Sanchez-Ramos J, Hefti F. Toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenypyridinium for rat dopaminergic neurons in culture: selectivity and irreversibility. J Neurochem 1990;54:1102-9.
    • (1990) J Neurochem , vol.54 , pp. 1102-1109
    • Michel, P.P.1    Dandapani, B.K.2    Knusel, B.3    Sanchez-Ramos, J.4    Hefti, F.5
  • 98
    • 0344765458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine prevents glutamate-induced proteolysis of the microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 and glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons
    • Minana MD, Montoliu C, Llansola M, Grisolia S, Felipo V. Nicotine prevents glutamate-induced proteolysis of the microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 and glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons. Neuropharmacology 1998;37:847-57.
    • (1998) Neuropharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 847-857
    • Minana, M.D.1    Montoliu, C.2    Llansola, M.3    Grisolia, S.4    Felipo, V.5
  • 99
    • 0028293630 scopus 로고
    • Risk-factors for Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in the province of Caceres, Spain
    • Morano A, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Molina JA, Antolin MA. Risk-factors for Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in the province of Caceres, Spain. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89:164-70.
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.89 , pp. 164-170
    • Morano, A.1    Jimenez-Jimenez, F.J.2    Molina, J.A.3    Antolin, M.A.4
  • 100
    • 0031898680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease with [18F] dopa PET
    • Morrish PK, Rakshi JS, Bailey DL, Sawle GV, Brooks DJ. Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease with [18F] dopa PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:314-9.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 314-319
    • Morrish, P.K.1    Rakshi, J.S.2    Bailey, D.L.3    Sawle, G.V.4    Brooks, D.J.5
  • 103
    • 0022394212 scopus 로고
    • Deprenyl protects dopamine neurons from the neurotoxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion
    • Mytilineou C, Cohen G. Deprenyl protects dopamine neurons from the neurotoxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. J Neurochem 1985;45:1951-3.
    • (1985) J Neurochem , vol.45 , pp. 1951-1953
    • Mytilineou, C.1    Cohen, G.2
  • 104
    • 0023935663 scopus 로고
    • An endogenous substance of the brain, tetrahydroisoquinoline, produces parkinsonism in primates with decreased dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and biopterin in the nigrostriatal regions
    • Nagatsu T, Yoshida M. An endogenous substance of the brain, tetrahydroisoquinoline, produces parkinsonism in primates with decreased dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and biopterin in the nigrostriatal regions. Neurosci Lett 1988;87:178-82.
    • (1988) Neurosci Lett , vol.87 , pp. 178-182
    • Nagatsu, T.1    Yoshida, M.2
  • 106
    • 0021810979 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine
    • Nicklas WJ, Vyas I, Heikkila RE. Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine. Life Sci 1985;36:2503-8.
    • (1985) Life Sci , vol.36 , pp. 2503-2508
    • Nicklas, W.J.1    Vyas, I.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 107
    • 0023194188 scopus 로고
    • Presence of tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-methyl-tetrahydroquinoline in parkinsonian and normal human brains
    • Niwa T, Takeda N, Kaneda N, Hashizume Y, Nagatsu T. Presence of tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2-methyl-tetrahydroquinoline in parkinsonian and normal human brains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987;144:1084-9.
    • (1987) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.144 , pp. 1084-1089
    • Niwa, T.1    Takeda, N.2    Kaneda, N.3    Hashizume, Y.4    Nagatsu, T.5
  • 108
    • 0033002368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manganese neurotoxicity: A review of clinical features
    • Pal PK, Samii A, Calne DB. Manganese neurotoxicity: a review of clinical features. Neurotoxicology 1999;20:227-38.
    • (1999) Neurotoxicology , vol.20 , pp. 227-238
    • Pal, P.K.1    Samii, A.2    Calne, D.B.3
  • 109
    • 0022445973 scopus 로고
    • Paraquat and two endogenous analogues of the neurotoxic substance N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the mouse
    • Perry TL, Yong VW, Wall RA, Jones K. Paraquat and two endogenous analogues of the neurotoxic substance N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the mouse. Neurosci Lett 1986;69:285-9.
    • (1986) Neurosci Lett , vol.69 , pp. 285-289
    • Perry, T.L.1    Yong, V.W.2    Wall, R.A.3    Jones, K.4
  • 110
    • 0030744876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease
    • Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, et al. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 1997;276:2045-7.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2045-2047
    • Polymeropoulos, M.H.1    Lavedan, C.2    Leroy, E.3    Ide, S.E.4    Dehejia, A.5    Dutra, A.6
  • 112
    • 0026583465 scopus 로고
    • Transgenic mice with increased Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity are resistant to N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity
    • Przedborski S, Kostic V, Jackson-Lewis V, Naini AB, Simonetti S, Fahn S, et al. Transgenic mice with increased Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity are resistant to N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 1992;12:1658-67.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 1658-1667
    • Przedborski, S.1    Kostic, V.2    Jackson-Lewis, V.3    Naini, A.B.4    Simonetti, S.5    Fahn, S.6
  • 113
    • 0029984860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neuronal nitric oxide in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity
    • Przedborski S, Jackson-Lewis V, Yokoyama R, Shibata T, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Role of neuronal nitric oxide in 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:4565-71.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 4565-4571
    • Przedborski, S.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Yokoyama, R.3    Shibata, T.4    Dawson, V.L.5    Dawson, T.M.6
  • 114
    • 0028275459 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by peroxynitrite
    • Radi R, Rodriguez M, Castro L, Telleri R. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994;308:89-95.
    • (1994) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.308 , pp. 89-95
    • Radi, R.1    Rodriguez, M.2    Castro, L.3    Telleri, R.4
  • 115
    • 0022976146 scopus 로고
    • Early onset Parkinson's disease in Saskatchewan-Environmental considerations for etiology
    • Rajput AH, Uitti RJ, Stern W, Laverty W. Early onset Parkinson's disease in Saskatchewan-environmental considerations for etiology. Can J Neurol Sci 1986;13:312-6.
    • (1986) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.13 , pp. 312-316
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Uitti, R.J.2    Stern, W.3    Laverty, W.4
  • 116
    • 0023001744 scopus 로고
    • Energy-dependent uptake of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium the neurotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, by mitochondria
    • Ramsay RR, Singer TP. Energy-dependent uptake of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium the neurotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, by mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1986;261:7585-7.
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 7585-7587
    • Ramsay, R.R.1    Singer, T.P.2
  • 117
    • 0023442357 scopus 로고
    • Subcellular compartmentalization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with catecholamines in adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles may explain the lack of toxicity to adrenal chromaffin cells
    • Reinhard Jr, JF, Diliberto Jr, EJ, Viveros OH, Daniels AJ. Subcellular compartmentalization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with catecholamines in adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles may explain the lack of toxicity to adrenal chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:8160-4.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 8160-8164
    • Reinhard, J.F.1    Diliberto, E.J.2    Viveros, O.H.3    Daniels, A.J.4
  • 118
    • 84886642215 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine uptake blockers protect against the dopamine depleting effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse striatum
    • Ricaurte GA, Langston JW, DeLanney LE, Irwin I, Brooks JD. Dopamine uptake blockers protect against the dopamine depleting effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse striatum. Neurosci Lett 1985;59:259-64.
    • (1985) Neurosci Lett , vol.59 , pp. 259-264
    • Ricaurte, G.A.1    Langston, J.W.2    DeLanney, L.E.3    Irwin, I.4    Brooks, J.D.5
  • 119
  • 121
    • 17544404713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of dieldrin for dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures
    • Sanchez-Ramos J, Facca A, Basit A, Song S. Toxicity of dieldrin for dopaminergic neurons in mesencephalic cultures. Exp Neurol 1998;150:263-71.
    • (1998) Exp Neurol , vol.150 , pp. 263-271
    • Sanchez-Ramos, J.1    Facca, A.2    Basit, A.3    Song, S.4
  • 122
    • 0030782462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine transporter mRNA levels are high in midbrain neurons vulnerable to MPTP
    • Sanghera MK, Manaye K, McMahon A, Sonsalla PK, German DC. Dopamine transporter mRNA levels are high in midbrain neurons vulnerable to MPTP. NeuroReport 1997;8:3327-31.
    • (1997) NeuroReport , vol.8 , pp. 3327-3331
    • Sanghera, M.K.1    Manaye, K.2    McMahon, A.3    Sonsalla, P.K.4    German, D.C.5
  • 123
    • 0025747972 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic neurotoxicity in vivo and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in vitro by possible endogenous pyridinium-like substances
    • Sayre LM, Wang FJ, Arora PK, Riachi NJ, Harik SI, Hoppel CL. Dopaminergic neurotoxicity in vivo and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in vitro by possible endogenous pyridinium-like substances. J Neurochem 1991;57:2106-15.
    • (1991) J Neurochem , vol.57 , pp. 2106-2115
    • Sayre, L.M.1    Wang, F.J.2    Arora, P.K.3    Riachi, N.J.4    Harik, S.I.5    Hoppel, C.L.6
  • 124
    • 0028274216 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease-A critical appraisal
    • Schapira AH. Evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease-a critical appraisal. Mov Disord 1994;9:125-38.
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 125-138
    • Schapira, A.H.1
  • 125
    • 0022919059 scopus 로고
    • The catecholamine uptake blocker nomifensine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkeys
    • Schultz W, Scarnati E, Sundstrom E, Tsutsumi T, Jonsson G. The catecholamine uptake blocker nomifensine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 1986;63:216-20.
    • (1986) Exp Brain Res , vol.63 , pp. 216-220
    • Schultz, W.1    Scarnati, E.2    Sundstrom, E.3    Tsutsumi, T.4    Jonsson, G.5
  • 126
    • 0028796770 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice
    • Schulz JB, Matthews RT, Muqit MM, Browne SE, Beal MF. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Neurochem 1995;64:936-9.
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.64 , pp. 936-939
    • Schulz, J.B.1    Matthews, R.T.2    Muqit, M.M.3    Browne, S.E.4    Beal, M.F.5
  • 128
    • 0030012558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in Germany
    • Seidler A, Hellenbrand W, Robra BP, Viergge P, Nischan P, Jooerg J, et al. Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Germany. Neurology 1996;46:1275-84.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1275-1284
    • Seidler, A.1    Hellenbrand, W.2    Robra, B.P.3    Viergge, P.4    Nischan, P.5    Jooerg, J.6
  • 129
    • 0025936440 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: A population based case-control study
    • Semchuck KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: a population based case-control study. Can J Neurol Sci 1991;18:279-86.
    • (1991) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.18 , pp. 279-286
    • Semchuck, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 130
    • 0026711037 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work pesticide chemicals
    • Semchuck KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work pesticide chemicals. Neurology 1992;42:1328-55.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1328-1355
    • Semchuck, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 131
    • 0027256104 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: A test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis
    • Semchuck KM, Love EJ, Lee RG. Parkinson's disease: A test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. Neurology 1993;43:1173-80.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1173-1180
    • Semchuck, K.M.1    Love, E.J.2    Lee, R.G.3
  • 132
    • 0035816365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated processes in blood-brain barrier penetration and neural uptake of paraquat
    • Shimizu K, Ohtaki K, Matsubara K, Aoyama K, Uezono T, Saito O, et al. Carrier-mediated processes in blood-brain barrier penetration and neural uptake of paraquat. Brain Res 2001;906:135-42.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.906 , pp. 135-142
    • Shimizu, K.1    Ohtaki, K.2    Matsubara, K.3    Aoyama, K.4    Uezono, T.5    Saito, O.6
  • 133
    • 0022428947 scopus 로고
    • Predicting Parkinson's disease
    • Snyder SH, D'Amato RJ. Predicting Parkinson's disease. Nature 1985;317:198-9.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 198-199
    • Snyder, S.H.1    D'Amato, R.J.2
  • 134
    • 0023804321 scopus 로고
    • Increased iron(III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain
    • Sofic E, Riederer P, Heinsen H, Beckmann H, Reynolds GP, Hebenstreit G, et al. Increased iron(III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 1988;74:199-205.
    • (1988) J Neural Transm , vol.74 , pp. 199-205
    • Sofic, E.1    Riederer, P.2    Heinsen, H.3    Beckmann, H.4    Reynolds, G.P.5    Hebenstreit, G.6
  • 135
    • 0024495904 scopus 로고
    • Role for excitatory amino acids in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity
    • Sonsalla PK, Nicklas WJ, Heikkila RE. Role for excitatory amino acids in methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity. Science 1989;243:398-400.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 398-400
    • Sonsalla, P.K.1    Nicklas, W.J.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 136
    • 0032568534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • alpha-synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Spillantini MG, Crowther RA, Jakes R, Hasegawa M, Goedert M. alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:6469-73.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 6469-6473
    • Spillantini, M.G.1    Crowther, R.A.2    Jakes, R.3    Hasegawa, M.4    Goedert, M.5
  • 137
    • 0031969578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TUNEL-positive cells in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6 mice after a single bolus of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • Spooren WP, Gentsch C, Wiessner C. TUNEL-positive cells in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6 mice after a single bolus of 1- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neuroscience 1998;85:649-51.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.85 , pp. 649-651
    • Spooren, W.P.1    Gentsch, C.2    Wiessner, C.3
  • 138
    • 0026079542 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients
    • Stern M, Dulaney E, Gruber SB, Golbe L, Bergen M, Hurtig H, et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients. Arch Neurol 1991;48:903-7.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 903-907
    • Stern, M.1    Dulaney, E.2    Gruber, S.B.3    Golbe, L.4    Bergen, M.5    Hurtig, H.6
  • 139
    • 0025308554 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-like endogenous alkaloids in mouse brain
    • Suzuki K, Mizuno Y, Yoshida M. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-like endogenous alkaloids in mouse brain. Neurochem Res 1990;15:705-10.
    • (1990) Neurochem Res , vol.15 , pp. 705-710
    • Suzuki, K.1    Mizuno, Y.2    Yoshida, M.3
  • 140
    • 0030931721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VMAT2 knockout mice: Heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity
    • Takahashi N, Miner LL, Sora I, Ujike H, Revay RS, Kostic V, et al. VMAT2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:9938-43.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 9938-9943
    • Takahashi, N.1    Miner, L.L.2    Sora, I.3    Ujike, H.4    Revay, R.S.5    Kostic, V.6
  • 141
    • 0024535932 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in China
    • Tanner CM, Chen B, Wang W, Peng M, Liu Z, Liang X, et al. Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in China. Neurology 1989;39:660-4.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 660-664
    • Tanner, C.M.1    Chen, B.2    Wang, W.3    Peng, M.4    Liu, Z.5    Liang, X.6
  • 142
    • 0037705936 scopus 로고
    • Occupation and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD): A case-control study in young-onset patients
    • Tanner CM, Grabler P, Goetz CG. Occupation and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD): a case-control study in young-onset patients. Neurology 1990;40(Suppl 1):422.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 422
    • Tanner, C.M.1    Grabler, P.2    Goetz, C.G.3
  • 143
  • 145
    • 0030888286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labeling and acridine orange staining
    • Tatton NA, Kish SJ. In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-treated mice using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labeling and acridine orange staining. Neuroscience 1997;77:1037-48.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 1037-1048
    • Tatton, N.A.1    Kish, S.J.2
  • 146
    • 0034624274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased striatal dopamine turnover following acute administration of rotenone to mice
    • Thiffault C, Langston JW, Di Monte DA. Increased striatal dopamine turnover following acute administration of rotenone to mice. Brain Res 2000;885:283-8.
    • (2000) Brain Res , vol.885 , pp. 283-288
    • Thiffault, C.1    Langston, J.W.2    Di Monte, D.A.3
  • 147
    • 0034671469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as a preferential target of repeated exposures to combined paraquat and maneb: Implications for Parkinson's disease
    • Thiruchelvam M, Richfield EK, Baggs RB, Tank AW, Cory-Slechta DA. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as a preferential target of repeated exposures to combined paraquat and maneb: implications for Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2000;20:9207-14.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 9207-9214
    • Thiruchelvam, M.1    Richfield, E.K.2    Baggs, R.B.3    Tank, A.W.4    Cory-Slechta, D.A.5
  • 148
    • 0031910093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregation of neurofilament and alpha-synuclein proteins in Lewy bodies: Implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia
    • Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM. Aggregation of neurofilament and alpha-synuclein proteins in Lewy bodies: implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia. Arch Neurol 1998;55:151-2.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 151-152
    • Trojanowski, J.Q.1    Lee, V.M.2
  • 150
    • 0035816404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pesticides directly accelerate the rate of alpha-synuclein fibril formation: A possible factor in Parkinson's disease
    • Uversky VN, Li J, Fink AL. Pesticides directly accelerate the rate of alpha-synuclein fibril formation: a possible factor in Parkinson's disease. FEBS Lett 2001;500:105-8.
    • (2001) FEBS Lett , vol.500 , pp. 105-108
    • Uversky, V.N.1    Li, J.2    Fink, A.L.3
  • 151
    • 0028957761 scopus 로고
    • The tyramine-labelled vesicular transporter for dopamine: A putative target of pesticides and neurotoxins
    • Vaccari A, Saba P. The tyramine-labelled vesicular transporter for dopamine: a putative target of pesticides and neurotoxins. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;292:309-14.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.292 , pp. 309-314
    • Vaccari, A.1    Saba, P.2
  • 152
    • 0028608795 scopus 로고
    • (+)MK-801 prevents the DDC-induced enhancement of MPTP toxicity in mice
    • Vaglini F, Fascetti F, Fornai F, Maggio R, Corsini GU. (+)MK-801 prevents the DDC-induced enhancement of MPTP toxicity in mice. Brain Res 1994;668:194-203.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.668 , pp. 194-203
    • Vaglini, F.1    Fascetti, F.2    Fornai, F.3    Maggio, R.4    Corsini, G.U.5
  • 153
    • 0033062725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diethyldithiocarbamate causes nigral cell loss and dopamine depletion with nontoxic doses of MPTP
    • Walters TL, Irwin I, Delfani K, Langston JW, Janson AM. Diethyldithiocarbamate causes nigral cell loss and dopamine depletion with nontoxic doses of MPTP. Exp Neurol 1999;156:62-70.
    • (1999) Exp Neurol , vol.156 , pp. 62-70
    • Walters, T.L.1    Irwin, I.2    Delfani, K.3    Langston, J.W.4    Janson, A.M.5
  • 154
    • 0022510498 scopus 로고
    • Caffeine mimics dopamine receptor agonists without stimulation of dopamine receptors
    • Watanabe H, Uramoto H. Caffeine mimics dopamine receptor agonists without stimulation of dopamine receptors. Neuropharmacology 1986;25:577-81.
    • (1986) Neuropharmacology , vol.25 , pp. 577-581
    • Watanabe, H.1    Uramoto, H.2
  • 155
    • 0029739461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No changes in behaviour, nigro-striatal system neurochemistry or neuronal cell death following toxic multiple oral paraquat administration to rats
    • Widdowson PS, Farnworth MJ, Upton R, Simpson MG. No changes in behaviour, nigro-striatal system neurochemistry or neuronal cell death following toxic multiple oral paraquat administration to rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 1996;15:583-91.
    • (1996) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.15 , pp. 583-591
    • Widdowson, P.S.1    Farnworth, M.J.2    Upton, R.3    Simpson, M.G.4
  • 156
    • 0026071312 scopus 로고
    • Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson's disease
    • Wong GF, Gray CS, Hassanein RS, Koller WC. Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1991;48:287-9.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 287-289
    • Wong, G.F.1    Gray, C.S.2    Hassanein, R.S.3    Koller, W.C.4
  • 157
    • 0026770815 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes
    • Wu EY, Langston JW, Di Monte DA. Toxicity of the 1-methyl-4- phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;262:225-30.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.262 , pp. 225-230
    • Wu, E.Y.1    Langston, J.W.2    Di Monte, D.A.3
  • 158
    • 0024399506 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity study of the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. II. Evaluation of the biological activity of the pyridinium metabolites formed from the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of MPTP analogs
    • Youngster SK, Nicklas WJ, Heikkila RE. Structure-activity study of the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. II. Evaluation of the biological activity of the pyridinium metabolites formed from the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of MPTP analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989a;249:829-35.
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.249 , pp. 829-835
    • Youngster, S.K.1    Nicklas, W.J.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 159
    • 0024321011 scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity study of the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. I. Evaluation of the biological activity of MPTP analogs
    • Youngster SK, Sonsalla PK, Sieber BA, Heikkila RE. Structure-activity study of the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. I. Evaluation of the biological activity of MPTP analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989b;249:820-8.
    • (1989) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.249 , pp. 820-828
    • Youngster, S.K.1    Sonsalla, P.K.2    Sieber, B.A.3    Heikkila, R.E.4
  • 160
    • 0028006428 scopus 로고
    • Iron and other metals in neuromelanin, substantia nigra, and putamen of human brain
    • Zecca L, Pietra R, Goj C, Mecacci C, Radice D, Sabbioni E. Iron and other metals in neuromelanin, substantia nigra, and putamen of human brain. J Neurochem 1994;62:1097-101.
    • (1994) J Neurochem , vol.62 , pp. 1097-1101
    • Zecca, L.1    Pietra, R.2    Goj, C.3    Mecacci, C.4    Radice, D.5    Sabbioni, E.6
  • 161
    • 0026752794 scopus 로고
    • MK-801 prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in primates
    • Zuddas A, Oberto G, Vaglini F, Fascetti F, Fornai F, Coisini GU. MK-801 prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in primates. J Neurochem 1992;59:733-9.
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.59 , pp. 733-739
    • Zuddas, A.1    Oberto, G.2    Vaglini, F.3    Fascetti, F.4    Fornai, F.5    Coisini, G.U.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.