메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 476-483

Mechanistic insight into lymphocyte activation through quantitative imaging and theoretical modelling

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; BIOCHEMISTRY; CELL JUNCTION; FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING; FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; THEORETICAL MODEL;

EID: 34548041173     PISSN: 09527915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.05.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0032480279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional segregation of supramolecular activation clusters in T cells
    • Monks C.R., Freiberg B.A., Kupfer H., Sciaky N., and Kupfer A. Three-dimensional segregation of supramolecular activation clusters in T cells. Nature 395 (1998) 82-86
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 82-86
    • Monks, C.R.1    Freiberg, B.A.2    Kupfer, H.3    Sciaky, N.4    Kupfer, A.5
  • 3
    • 0015514472 scopus 로고
    • The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes
    • Singer S.J., and Nicolson G.L. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175 (1972) 720-731
    • (1972) Science , vol.175 , pp. 720-731
    • Singer, S.J.1    Nicolson, G.L.2
  • 4
    • 0030949124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional rafts in cell membranes
    • Simons K., and Ikonen E. Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387 (1997) 569-572
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 569-572
    • Simons, K.1    Ikonen, E.2
  • 5
    • 9644268146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid rafts and the initiation of T cell receptor signaling
    • He H.T., Lellouch A., and Marguet D. Lipid rafts and the initiation of T cell receptor signaling. Semin Immunol 17 (2005) 23-33
    • (2005) Semin Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 23-33
    • He, H.T.1    Lellouch, A.2    Marguet, D.3
  • 6
    • 0036481264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid rafts and B-cell activation
    • Pierce S.K. Lipid rafts and B-cell activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2 (2002) 96-105
    • (2002) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 96-105
    • Pierce, S.K.1
  • 7
    • 0034677175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A balance between positive and negative signals in cytotoxic lymphocytes regulates the polarization of lipid rafts during the development of cell-mediated killing
    • Lou Z., Jevremovic D., Billadeau D.D., and Leibson P.J. A balance between positive and negative signals in cytotoxic lymphocytes regulates the polarization of lipid rafts during the development of cell-mediated killing. J Exp Med 191 (2000) 347-354
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.191 , pp. 347-354
    • Lou, Z.1    Jevremovic, D.2    Billadeau, D.D.3    Leibson, P.J.4
  • 9
    • 0344585437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid rafts: elusive or illusive?
    • Munro S. Lipid rafts: elusive or illusive?. Cell 115 (2003) 377-388
    • (2003) Cell , vol.115 , pp. 377-388
    • Munro, S.1
  • 10
    • 20444404267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-molecule microscopy reveals plasma membrane microdomains created by protein-protein networks that exclude or trap signaling molecules in T cells
    • This study uses high resolution TIRF microscopy to examine plasma membrane microdomains in live cells.
    • Douglass A.D., and Vale R.D. Single-molecule microscopy reveals plasma membrane microdomains created by protein-protein networks that exclude or trap signaling molecules in T cells. Cell 121 (2005) 937-950. This study uses high resolution TIRF microscopy to examine plasma membrane microdomains in live cells.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.121 , pp. 937-950
    • Douglass, A.D.1    Vale, R.D.2
  • 11
    • 1542399850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid raft proteins have a random distribution during localized activation of the T-cell receptor
    • Glebov O.O., and Nichols B.J. Lipid raft proteins have a random distribution during localized activation of the T-cell receptor. Nat Cell Biol 6 (2004) 238-243
    • (2004) Nat Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 238-243
    • Glebov, O.O.1    Nichols, B.J.2
  • 13
    • 34247861082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton
    • These two studies use 'plasma membrane sheets' and transmission electron microscopy to examine protein and lipid raft distribution in the plasma membrane.
    • Lillemeier B.F., Pfeiffer J.R., Surviladze Z., Wilson B.S., and Davis M.M. Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 18992-18997. These two studies use 'plasma membrane sheets' and transmission electron microscopy to examine protein and lipid raft distribution in the plasma membrane.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 18992-18997
    • Lillemeier, B.F.1    Pfeiffer, J.R.2    Surviladze, Z.3    Wilson, B.S.4    Davis, M.M.5
  • 14
    • 21244441843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent trafficking of Ig-alpha/Ig-beta and mu-heavy chain is facilitated by dissociation of the B cell antigen receptor complex
    • Kim J.H., Cramer L., Mueller H., Wilson B., and Vilen B.J. Independent trafficking of Ig-alpha/Ig-beta and mu-heavy chain is facilitated by dissociation of the B cell antigen receptor complex. J Immunol 175 (2005) 147-154
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 147-154
    • Kim, J.H.1    Cramer, L.2    Mueller, H.3    Wilson, B.4    Vilen, B.J.5
  • 15
    • 0028325756 scopus 로고
    • Truncation mutants define and locate cytoplasmic barriers to lateral mobility of membrane glycoproteins
    • Edidin M., Zuniga M.C., and Sheetz M.P. Truncation mutants define and locate cytoplasmic barriers to lateral mobility of membrane glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994) 3378-3382
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 3378-3382
    • Edidin, M.1    Zuniga, M.C.2    Sheetz, M.P.3
  • 16
    • 0027504198 scopus 로고
    • Confined lateral diffusion of membrane receptors as studied by single particle tracking (nanovid microscopy). Effects of calcium-induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells
    • Kusumi A., Sako Y., and Yamamoto M. Confined lateral diffusion of membrane receptors as studied by single particle tracking (nanovid microscopy). Effects of calcium-induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells. Biophys J 65 (1993) 2021-2040
    • (1993) Biophys J , vol.65 , pp. 2021-2040
    • Kusumi, A.1    Sako, Y.2    Yamamoto, M.3
  • 17
    • 17844364513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigm shift of the plasma membrane concept from the two-dimensional continuum fluid to the partitioned fluid: high-speed single-molecule tracking of membrane molecules
    • Kusumi A., Nakada C., Ritchie K., Murase K., Suzuki K., Murakoshi H., Kasai R.S., Kondo J., and Fujiwara T. Paradigm shift of the plasma membrane concept from the two-dimensional continuum fluid to the partitioned fluid: high-speed single-molecule tracking of membrane molecules. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 34 (2005) 351-378
    • (2005) Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct , vol.34 , pp. 351-378
    • Kusumi, A.1    Nakada, C.2    Ritchie, K.3    Murase, K.4    Suzuki, K.5    Murakoshi, H.6    Kasai, R.S.7    Kondo, J.8    Fujiwara, T.9
  • 19
    • 0034714184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential clustering of CD4 and CD3zeta during T cell recognition
    • Krummel M.F., Sjaastad M.D., Wulfing C., and Davis M.M. Differential clustering of CD4 and CD3zeta during T cell recognition. Science 289 (2000) 1349-1352
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1349-1352
    • Krummel, M.F.1    Sjaastad, M.D.2    Wulfing, C.3    Davis, M.M.4
  • 20
    • 0036906497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of p56lck translocation to the T cell immunological synapse following agonist and antagonist stimulation
    • Ehrlich L.I., Ebert P.J., Krummel M.F., Weiss A., and Davis M.M. Dynamics of p56lck translocation to the T cell immunological synapse following agonist and antagonist stimulation. Immunity 17 (2002) 809-822
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.17 , pp. 809-822
    • Ehrlich, L.I.1    Ebert, P.J.2    Krummel, M.F.3    Weiss, A.4    Davis, M.M.5
  • 21
    • 0035942781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation
    • Batista F.D., Iber D., and Neuberger M.S. B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation. Nature 411 (2001) 489-494
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 489-494
    • Batista, F.D.1    Iber, D.2    Neuberger, M.S.3
  • 23
    • 33749171235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cooperatively stabilized signaling clusters drives T-cell activation
    • These studies visualised microclusters of TCR and signalling molecules initiated upon contact of T cells with antibody-coated coverslips. This approach allowed the authors to examine the temporal composition of TCR-rich signalosomes.
    • Bunnell S.C., Singer A.L., Hong D.I., Jacque B.H., Jordan M.S., Seminario M.-C., Barr V.A., Koretzky G.A., and Samelson L.E. Persistence of cooperatively stabilized signaling clusters drives T-cell activation. Mol Cell Biol 26 (2006) 7155-7166. These studies visualised microclusters of TCR and signalling molecules initiated upon contact of T cells with antibody-coated coverslips. This approach allowed the authors to examine the temporal composition of TCR-rich signalosomes.
    • (2006) Mol Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 7155-7166
    • Bunnell, S.C.1    Singer, A.L.2    Hong, D.I.3    Jacque, B.H.4    Jordan, M.S.5    Seminario, M.-C.6    Barr, V.A.7    Koretzky, G.A.8    Samelson, L.E.9
  • 24
    • 33646454106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell ligand discrimination through a spreading and contraction response
    • This study combines experimental observations and mathematical modelling to identify a novel cellular response facilitating B cell ligand discrimination.
    • Fleire S.J., Goldman J.P., Carrasco Y.R., Weber M., Bray D., and Batista F.D. B cell ligand discrimination through a spreading and contraction response. Science 312 (2006) 738-741. This study combines experimental observations and mathematical modelling to identify a novel cellular response facilitating B cell ligand discrimination.
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 738-741
    • Fleire, S.J.1    Goldman, J.P.2    Carrasco, Y.R.3    Weber, M.4    Bray, D.5    Batista, F.D.6
  • 25
    • 0035075507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic actin polymerization drives T cell receptor-induced spreading: a role for the signal transduction adaptor LAT
    • Bunnell S.C., Kapoor V., Trible R.P., Zhang W., and Samelson L.E. Dynamic actin polymerization drives T cell receptor-induced spreading: a role for the signal transduction adaptor LAT. Immunity 14 (2001) 315-329
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 315-329
    • Bunnell, S.C.1    Kapoor, V.2    Trible, R.P.3    Zhang, W.4    Samelson, L.E.5
  • 26
    • 27544441784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actin and agonist MHC-peptide complex-dependent T cell receptor microclusters as scaffolds for signaling
    • Campi G., Varma R., and Dustin M.L. Actin and agonist MHC-peptide complex-dependent T cell receptor microclusters as scaffolds for signaling. J Exp Med 202 (2005) 1031-1036
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 1031-1036
    • Campi, G.1    Varma, R.2    Dustin, M.L.3
  • 27
    • 33746011209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell receptor-proximal signals are sustained in peripheral microclusters and terminated in the central supramolecular activation cluster
    • Varma R., Campi G., Yokosuka T., Saito T., and Dustin M.L. T cell receptor-proximal signals are sustained in peripheral microclusters and terminated in the central supramolecular activation cluster. Immunity 25 (2006) 117-127
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 117-127
    • Varma, R.1    Campi, G.2    Yokosuka, T.3    Saito, T.4    Dustin, M.L.5
  • 28
    • 30044441433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newly generated T cell receptor microclusters initiate and sustain T cell activation by recruitment of Zap70 and SLP-76
    • These studies use supported planar bilayers and TIRF microscopy to demonstrate that T cell signalling is sustained in newly formed peripheral microclusters.
    • Yokosuka T., Sakata-Sogawa K., Kobayashi W., Hiroshima M., Hashimoto-Tane A., Tokunaga M., Dustin M.L., and Saito T. Newly generated T cell receptor microclusters initiate and sustain T cell activation by recruitment of Zap70 and SLP-76. Nat Immunol 6 (2005) 1253-1262. These studies use supported planar bilayers and TIRF microscopy to demonstrate that T cell signalling is sustained in newly formed peripheral microclusters.
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 1253-1262
    • Yokosuka, T.1    Sakata-Sogawa, K.2    Kobayashi, W.3    Hiroshima, M.4    Hashimoto-Tane, A.5    Tokunaga, M.6    Dustin, M.L.7    Saito, T.8
  • 29
    • 0024592153 scopus 로고
    • Lateral diffusion of lectin receptors in fibroblast membranes as a function of cell shape
    • Swaisgood M., and Schindler M. Lateral diffusion of lectin receptors in fibroblast membranes as a function of cell shape. Exp Cell Res 180 (1989) 515-528
    • (1989) Exp Cell Res , vol.180 , pp. 515-528
    • Swaisgood, M.1    Schindler, M.2
  • 30
    • 33644542737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell activation by membrane-bound antigens is facilitated by the interaction of VLA-4 with VCAM-1
    • Carrasco Y.R., and Batista F.D. B-cell activation by membrane-bound antigens is facilitated by the interaction of VLA-4 with VCAM-1. EMBO J 25 (2006) 889-899
    • (2006) EMBO J , vol.25 , pp. 889-899
    • Carrasco, Y.R.1    Batista, F.D.2
  • 31
    • 29144467684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD80 cytoplasmic domain controls localization of CD28, CTLA-4, and protein kinase Ctheta in the immunological synapse
    • Tseng S.Y., Liu M., and Dustin M.L. CD80 cytoplasmic domain controls localization of CD28, CTLA-4, and protein kinase Ctheta in the immunological synapse. J Immunol 175 (2005) 7829-7836
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 7829-7836
    • Tseng, S.Y.1    Liu, M.2    Dustin, M.L.3
  • 32
    • 0036063264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes form a multifocal immunological synapse with sustained tyrosine phosphorylation
    • Hailman E., Burack W.R., Shaw A.S., Dustin M.L., and Allen P.M. Immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes form a multifocal immunological synapse with sustained tyrosine phosphorylation. Immunity 16 (2002) 839-848
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 839-848
    • Hailman, E.1    Burack, W.R.2    Shaw, A.S.3    Dustin, M.L.4    Allen, P.M.5
  • 33
    • 0036225013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging synapse formation during thymocyte selection: inability of CD3zeta to form a stable central accumulation during negative selection
    • Richie L.I., Ebert P.J., Wu L.C., Krummel M.F., Owen J.J., and Davis M.M. Imaging synapse formation during thymocyte selection: inability of CD3zeta to form a stable central accumulation during negative selection. Immunity 16 (2002) 595-606
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 595-606
    • Richie, L.I.1    Ebert, P.J.2    Wu, L.C.3    Krummel, M.F.4    Owen, J.J.5    Davis, M.M.6
  • 34
    • 27944442353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered TCR signaling from geometrically repatterned immunological synapses
    • Mossman K.D., Campi G., Groves J.T., and Dustin M.L. Altered TCR signaling from geometrically repatterned immunological synapses. Science 310 (2005) 1191-1193
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1191-1193
    • Mossman, K.D.1    Campi, G.2    Groves, J.T.3    Dustin, M.L.4
  • 35
    • 33645837217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological synapse arrays: patterned protein surfaces that modulate immunological synapse structure formation in T cells
    • These two studies use different methods to create geometrically-restricted T cell stimulating substrates to address how the spatial organisation of receptors regulate lymphocyte activation.
    • Doh J., and Irvine D.J. Immunological synapse arrays: patterned protein surfaces that modulate immunological synapse structure formation in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 5700-5705. These two studies use different methods to create geometrically-restricted T cell stimulating substrates to address how the spatial organisation of receptors regulate lymphocyte activation.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 5700-5705
    • Doh, J.1    Irvine, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 33747092261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered peptide ligands induce delayed CD8-T cell receptor interaction - a role for CD8 in distinguishing antigen quality
    • Yachi P.P., Ampudia J., Zal T., and Gascoigne N.R. Altered peptide ligands induce delayed CD8-T cell receptor interaction - a role for CD8 in distinguishing antigen quality. Immunity 25 (2006) 203-211
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 203-211
    • Yachi, P.P.1    Ampudia, J.2    Zal, T.3    Gascoigne, N.R.4
  • 38
    • 27544446258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initiation of antigen-induced B cell antigen receptor signaling viewed in living cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
    • Tolar P., Sohn H.W., and Pierce S.K. The initiation of antigen-induced B cell antigen receptor signaling viewed in living cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Nat Immunol 6 (2005) 1168-1176
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 1168-1176
    • Tolar, P.1    Sohn, H.W.2    Pierce, S.K.3
  • 41
    • 0029063148 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic proofreading in T-cell receptor signal transduction
    • McKeithan T.W. Kinetic proofreading in T-cell receptor signal transduction. PNAS 92 (1995) 5042-5046
    • (1995) PNAS , vol.92 , pp. 5042-5046
    • McKeithan, T.W.1
  • 42
    • 0035811008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic pattern formation during cellular recognition
    • Qi S.Y., Groves J.T., and Chakraborty A.K. Synaptic pattern formation during cellular recognition. PNAS 98 (2001) 6548-6553
    • (2001) PNAS , vol.98 , pp. 6548-6553
    • Qi, S.Y.1    Groves, J.T.2    Chakraborty, A.K.3
  • 43
    • 0036789459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential segregation in a cell-cell contact interface: the dynamics of the immunological synapse
    • Burroughs N.J., and Wulfing C. Differential segregation in a cell-cell contact interface: the dynamics of the immunological synapse. Biophys J 83 (2002) 1784-1796
    • (2002) Biophys J , vol.83 , pp. 1784-1796
    • Burroughs, N.J.1    Wulfing, C.2
  • 44
    • 0344490337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low T cell receptor expression and thermal fluctuations contribute to formation of dynamic multifocal synapses in thymocytes
    • Lee S.J., Hori Y., and Chakraborty A.K. Low T cell receptor expression and thermal fluctuations contribute to formation of dynamic multifocal synapses in thymocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003) 4383-4388
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4383-4388
    • Lee, S.J.1    Hori, Y.2    Chakraborty, A.K.3
  • 45
    • 34250357714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of B cell synapse formation predicted by Monte Carlo simulation
    • Tsourkas P., Baumgarth N., Simon S., and Raychaudhuri S. Mechanisms of B cell synapse formation predicted by Monte Carlo simulation. Biophys J 92 (2007) 4196-4208
    • (2007) Biophys J , vol.92 , pp. 4196-4208
    • Tsourkas, P.1    Baumgarth, N.2    Simon, S.3    Raychaudhuri, S.4
  • 47
    • 27844541328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling T cell antigen discrimination based on feedback control of digital ERK responses
    • Altan-Bonnet G., and Germain R.N. Modeling T cell antigen discrimination based on feedback control of digital ERK responses. PLoS Biol 3 (2005) e356
    • (2005) PLoS Biol , vol.3
    • Altan-Bonnet, G.1    Germain, R.N.2
  • 48
    • 33845363342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the role of receptor recycling in T cell polarization
    • Arkhipov S.N., and Maly I.V. Quantitative analysis of the role of receptor recycling in T cell polarization. Biophys J 91 (2006) 4306-4316
    • (2006) Biophys J , vol.91 , pp. 4306-4316
    • Arkhipov, S.N.1    Maly, I.V.2
  • 49
    • 2442621270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from modeling of B-cell receptors binding to antigen
    • Bhanot G. Results from modeling of B-cell receptors binding to antigen. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85 (2004) 343-352
    • (2004) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.85 , pp. 343-352
    • Bhanot, G.1
  • 51
    • 31444437250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell surface dynamics: the balance between diffusion, aggregation and endocytosis
    • Nudelman G., and Louzoun Y. Cell surface dynamics: the balance between diffusion, aggregation and endocytosis. Syst Biol (Stevenage) 153 (2006) 34-42
    • (2006) Syst Biol (Stevenage) , vol.153 , pp. 34-42
    • Nudelman, G.1    Louzoun, Y.2
  • 52
    • 33746153912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand detection and discrimination by spatial relocalization: a kinase-phosphatase segregation model of TCR activation
    • Burroughs N.J., Lazic Z., and van der Merwe P.A. Ligand detection and discrimination by spatial relocalization: a kinase-phosphatase segregation model of TCR activation. Biophys J 91 (2006) 1619-1629
    • (2006) Biophys J , vol.91 , pp. 1619-1629
    • Burroughs, N.J.1    Lazic, Z.2    van der Merwe, P.A.3
  • 53
    • 33751403091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometrically repatterned immunological synapses uncover formation mechanisms
    • This study addresses the mechanism of TCR cluster formation using comparative in silico experiments based on the observations of geometrically repatterned immunological synapses.
    • Figge M.T., and Meyer-Hermann M. Geometrically repatterned immunological synapses uncover formation mechanisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2 (2006) e171. This study addresses the mechanism of TCR cluster formation using comparative in silico experiments based on the observations of geometrically repatterned immunological synapses.
    • (2006) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.2
    • Figge, M.T.1    Meyer-Hermann, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.