Role of lipids in brain injury and diseases

Future Lipidology

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 403-422

  Adibhatla, Rao Muralkrishna ^a,b,c   Hatcher, James F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Cardiovascular Research Center   (United States)

^c WILLIAM S MIDDLETON MEMORIAL VETERANS HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Arachidonic acid; CDP choline; CNS injury; Docosahexaenoic acid; Huntington disease; Lipid peroxidation; Neurodegenerative diseases; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE VACCINE; AMANTADINE; ANTIOXIDANT; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; CITICOLINE; DISUFENTON SODIUM; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID ETHYL ESTER; LAX 101; LEVODOPA; LIPID; LIPOSOME; MEPACRINE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MINOCYCLINE; MIRAXION; MONOAMINE OXIDASE B INHIBITOR; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NIMODIPINE; PHENYTEK; PHENYTOIN; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITOR; RILUZOLE; TRICYCLO[4.3.0.1]DECAN 9 YL XANTHOGENATE; UBIDECARENONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; UROKINASE;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN INJURY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG UPTAKE; DYSKINESIA; EPILEPSY; GENE SILENCING; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; KETOGENIC DIET; LIPID ANALYSIS; LIPID BRAIN LEVEL; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; METABOLIC REGULATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NIEMANN PICK DISEASE; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RNA INTERFERENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 34547925606     PISSN: 17460875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17460875.2.4.403     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Wenk MR: The emerging field of lipidomics. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4(7), 594-610 (2005).
2. Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Brown HA et al.: A comprehensive classification system for lipids. J. Lipid Res. 46(5), 839-862 (2005).
3. Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Dempsey RJ: lipids and lipidomics in brain injury and diseases. AAPS J. 8(2), E314-E321 (2006).
4. 2, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in cerebral ischemia. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 40(3), 376-387 (2006).
5. Jiang J, Borisenko GG, Osipov A et al.: Arachidonic acid-induced carbon-centered radicals and phospholipid peroxidation in cyclo-oxygenase-2-transfected PC12 cells. J. Neurochem. 90(5), 1036-1049 (2004).
6. Simmons DL, Botting RM, Hla T: Cyclooxgenase isozymes: The biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition. Pharmacol Rev. 56(3), 387-437 (2004).
7. Kunz A, Anrather J, Zhou P, Orio M, Iadecola C: Cyclooxygenase-2 does not contribute to postischemic production of reactive oxygen species. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27(3), 545-551 (2007).
8. Delacourte A, Sergeant N, Champain D et al.: Nonoverlapping but synergetic tau and APP pathologies in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 59(3), 398-407 (2002).
9. Ehehalt R, Keller P, Haass C, Thiele C, Simons K: Amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein depends on lipid rafts. J. Cell Biol. 160(1), 113-123 (2003).
10. Mandavilli A: The amyloid code. Nat. Med. 12(7), 747-751 (2006).
11. Herrup K, Neve P, Ackerman SL, Copani A: Divide and die: Cell cycle events as triggers of nerve cell death. J. Neurosci. 24(42), 9232-9239 (2004).
12. Schwab C, Hosokawa M, McGeer PL: Transgenic mice expressing amyloid beta protein are an incomplete model of Alzheimer disease. Exp. Neurol. 188(1), 52-64 (2004).
13. Gotz, J, Streffer JR, David D et al.: Transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: histopathology, behavior and therapy. Mol. Psychiatry 9(7), 664-683 (2004).
14. Puglielli L: Aging of the brain, neurotrophin signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Is IGF1-R the common culprit? Neurobiol. Aging doi:16.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.01.010 (2007)
15. Puglielli IL, Tanzi RF, Kovacs DM: Alzheimer's disease: the cholesterol connection. Nature Neurosci. 6(4), 345-351 (2003).
16. Whitfield JF: Can statins put the brakes on Alzheimer's disease? Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 15(12), 1479-1485 (2006).
17. Grimm MOW, Grimm HS, Patzold AJ et al.: Regulation of cholesterol and sphingomyclin metabolism by amyloid-β and presenilin. Nat. Cell Biol. 7(11), 1118-1123 (2005).
18. Mattson MP, Cutler RG, Jo DG: Alzheimer peptides perturb lipid-regulating enzymes. Nat. Cell Biol. 7(11), 1045-1047 (2005).
19. Caballero J, Nahata M: Do statins slow down Alzheimer's disease? A review. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 29(3), 209-213 (2004).
20. 2-IIA: A new inflammatory factor for Ahlzeimer's disease. J. Neuroinflammation. 3(1), doi:10.1186/1742-2094-1183-1128 (2006).
21. Williams TI, Lynn BC, Markesbery WR. Lovell MA: Increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein, neurotoxic markets of lipid peroxidation, in the brain in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 27(8), 1094-1099 (2006).
22. Liu X, Lovell MA, Lynn BC: Development of a method for quantification of acrolein-deoxyguanosine adducts in DNA using isotope dilution-capillary LC/MS/MS and its application to human brain tissue. Anal. Chem. 77(18), 5982-5999 (2005).
23. Mariani E, Polidori MC, Cherubini A, Mecocci P: Oxidative stress in brain aging, neurodegenerative and vascular diseases: an overview. J. Chromatog. B. 827(1), 65-75 (2005).
24. Oddo S, Billings L, Kesdak JP, Cribbs DH, LaFerla FM: Aβ immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated, can aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43(3), 321-332 (2004).
25. Farooqui AA, Ong W-Y, Hotrocks LA: Inhibitors brain phospholipase A, activity: their neuropharmacological effects and therapeutic importance for the treatment of neurologic disorders. Pharmacol Rev. 58(3), 591-620 (2006).
26. Hauser RA, Zesiewicz TA: Advances in the pharmacologic management of early Parkinson disease. Neurologist 13(3), 126-132 (2007).
27. Welch K, Yuan J: α-Synuclein, oligomerization: a role for lipids? Trends Neurosci. 26(10), 517-519 (2003).
28. Sharon R, Bar-Joseph I. Frosch MP, Walsh DM, Hamilton JA, Selkoc DJ: The formation of highly soluble oligomers of α-synuclein is regulated by fatty acids and enhanced in Parkinson's disease. Neuron. 37(4), 583-595 (2003).
29. Samadi P. Grégoire L, Rouillard C et al.: Docosahexaenoic acid reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,16-tetrahydropyridine monkeys. Ann. Neurol. 59(2), 282-288 (2006).
30. Horinouchi K, Erlich S, Perl DP et al.: Acid sphingomyelinase deficient mice - a model of types A and B Niemann-Pick disease. Nature Genetics 10(3), 288-293 (1995).
31. Futerman AH, van Meer G: The cell biology of lysosomal storage disorders. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5(7), 554-565 (2004).
32. Larsen EC, Hatcher JF, Adibhatla RM: Effect of tricyclodecan-9-yl potassium xanthate (D609) on phospholipid metabolism and cell death during oxygen-glucose deprivation in PC12 cells. Neuroscience 146(3), 946-961 (2007).
33. Vance JE: Lipid imbalance in the neurological disorder, Niemann-Pick C disease. FEBS Lett. 580(23), 5518-5524 (2006).
34. Maxfield FR, Tabas I: Role of cholesterol and lipid organization in disease. Nature 438(7068), 612-621 (2005).
35. Aarli JA: Role of cytokines in neurological disorders. Curr. Med. Chem. 10, 1931-1937 (2003).
36. Carlson NG, Rose JW: Antioxidants in multiple sclerosis: do they have a role in therapy? CNS Drugs 20(6), 433-441 (2006).
37. 2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis-like disease. Neuron. 41(3), 323-335 (2004).
38. 2a-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 202(6), 841-851 (2005).
39. Heller RA, Kronke M: TNF receptor-mediated signaling pathways. J. Cell Biol. 126, 5-9 (1994).
40. 2. FEBS Lett. 531(1), 18-22 (2002).
41. 2 activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroinflammation 3 doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-3-26, (2006).
42. Aktas O, Waiczies S, Zipp F: Neurodegeneration in autoimmune demyelination: Recent mechanistic insights reveal novel therapeutic targets. J. Neuroimmunol. 184(1-2), 17-26 (2007).
43. Maccarrone M, Battista N, Centonze D: The endocannabinoid pathway in Huntington's disease: A comparison with other neurodegenerative diseases. Prog. Neurobiol. 81(5-6), 349-379 (2007).
44. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G: The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol. Rev. 58(3), 389-462 (2006).
45. Degroot A, Nomikos GG: In vivo neurochemical effects induced by changes in endocannabinoid neurotransmission. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 7(1), 62-68 (2007).
46. Battista N, Fezza F, Finazzi-Agro A, Maccarrone M: The endocannabinoid system in neurodegeneration. Ital. J. Biochem. 55(3-4), 283-289 (2006).
47. Clifford JJ, Drago J, Natoli AL et al.: Essential fatty acids given from conception prevent topographies of motor deficit in a transgenic model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 109(1), 81-88 (2002).
48. Puri BK, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR et al.: Ethyl-EPA in Huntington disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 65(2), 286-292 (2005).
49. Muma NA: Transglutaminase is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 66(4), 258-263 (2007).
50. Stack EC, Smith KM, Ryu H et al.: Combination therapy using minocycline and coenzyme Q10 in R6/2 transgenic Huntington's disease mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1762(3), 373-380 (2006).
51. Kunst CB: Complex genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75(6), 933-947 (2004).
52. Bruijn IJ, Miller TM, Cleveland DW: Unraveling the mechanisms involved in motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 27(1), 723-749 (2004).
53. Nirmalananthan N, Greensmith L: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and future therapies. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 18(6), 712-719 (2005).
54. Minghetti L: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 63(9), 901-910 (2004).
55. Agar J, Durham H: Relevance of oxidative injury in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases. Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Motor Neuron Disord. 4(4), 232-242 (2003).
56. Simpson EP, Henry YK, Henkel JS, Smith RG, Appel SH: Increased lipid peroxidation in sera of ALS patients: A potential biomarker of disease burden. Neurology 62(10), 1758-1765 (2004).
57. Horrobin D: The lipid hypothesis of schizophrenia. In. Brain Lipids and Disorders in Biological Psychiatry. Skinner ER (Ed.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 39-52 (2002).
58. Berger GE, Smesny S, Amminger GP: Bioactive lipids in schizophrenia. Int. Rev. Psychiatry. 18(2), 85-98 (2006).
59. Hakak Y, Walker JR, Li C et al.: Genome-wide expression analysis reveals dysregulation of myclination-related genes in chronic schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98(8), 4746-4751 (2001).
60. Papandreou D, Pavlou E, Kalimeri E, Mavromichalis I: The ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy. Br. J. Nutr. 95(1), 5-13 (2006).
61. LaRoche SM: A new look at the second-generation antiepileptic drugs: a decade of experience. Neurologist. 13(3), 133-139 (2007).
62. Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Kupferberg HJ, Levy RH, Perucca E, Tomson T: Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Eigth Eilat Conference (FILAT VIII). Epilepsy Research 73(1), 1-52 (2007).
63. Klotz U: The role of pharmacogenetics in the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs: pharmacokinetic and therapeutic implications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 46(4), 271-279 (2007).
64. Gasior M, Rogawski MA, Hartman AL: Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet. Behav. Pharmacol. 17(5-6), 431-439 (2006).
65. Bough KJ, Rho JM: Anticonvulsant mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 48(1), 43-58 (2007).
66. Savitz SI: A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: A need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke. Exp. Neurol. 205(1), 20-25 (2007).
67. Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF: Cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) in stroke and other CNS disorders. Neurochem. Res. 30(1), 15-23 (2005).
68. 2 and CTP-phosphocholine cytidylytransferase after stroke. J. Biol. Chem. 281(10), 6718-6725 (2006).
69. Mehta SL, Manhas N, Raghubir R: Molecular targets in cerebral ischemia for developing novel therapeutics. Brain Res. Rev. 54(1) 34-66, (2007).
70. Liu T, Clark RK, McDonnell PC et al.: TNF-α expression in ischemic neurons. Stroke 25(7), 1481-1488 (1994).
71. Wang CX, Shuaib A: Involvement of inflammatory cytokines in central nervous system injury. Prog. Neurobiol. 67(2), 161-172 (2002).
72. Loddick SA, Rothwell NJ: Neuroprotective effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16(5), 932-940 (1996).
73. Wang X, Yue TL, Barone FC, White RF, Gagnon RC, Feuerstein GZ: Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia. Mol. Chem. Neuropath. 23(2-3), 103-114 (1994).
74. Adibhatla RM, Dempsey RJ, Hatcher JF: Integration of cytokine biology and lipid metabolism in stroke. Front Neurosurg. Res. (under the aegis of Front Biosci). (2007) (In Press).
75. Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL: Citicoline: Pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 28, 1-56 (2006).
76. Savitz SI, Fisher M: Future of neuroprotection for acute stroke: In the aftermath of the SAINT trials. Ann. Neurol. 61(5), 396-402 (2007).
77. Crack PJ, Taylor JM: Reactive oxygen species and the modulation of stroke. Free Redic. Biol. Med. 38(11), 1433-1444 (2005).
78. Liu KJ, Rosenberg GA: Matrix metalloproteinases and free radicals in cerebral ischemia. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 39(1), 7-80 (2005).
79. Margaill I, Plotkine M, Lerouet D: Antioxidant strategies in the treatment of stroke. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 39(4), 429-443 (2005).
80. Tomitori H, Usui T, Saeki N et al.: Polyamine oxidase and acrolein as novel biochemical markers for diagnosis of cerebral stroke. Stroke 36(12), 2609-2613 (2005).
81. Rigg JL, Zafonte RD: Corticosteroids in TBI: is the story closed? J. Head Trauma Rehab. 21(3), 285-288 (2006).
82. Ariza M, Pueyo R, Matarin MdM et al.: Influence of APOE polymorphism on cognitive and behavioral outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 77(10), 1191-1193 (2006).
83. Iwata A, Browne KD, Chen X-H, Yuguchi T, Smith DH: Traumatic brain injury induces biphasic upregulation of ApoE and ApoJ protein in rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 82(1), 103-114 (2005).
84. Jellinger KA: Head injury and dementia. Curr Opin Neurol. 17(6), 719-723 (2004).
85. Starkstein SE, Jorge R: Dementia after traumatic brain injury. Int. Phychogeriatr. 17(Suppl. 1), S93-S107 (2005).
86. Smith C, Graham DI, Murray LS, Stewart J, Nicoll JAR: Association of APOE e4 and cerebrovascular pathology in traumatic brain injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77(3), 363-366 (2006).
87. Mahmood A, Lu D, Qu C, Goussev A, Chopp M: Treatment of traumatic brain injury with a combination therapy of marrow stromal cells and atorvastatin in rats. Neurosurgery 60(3), 546-554 (2007).
88. Lynch JR, Wang H, Mace B et al.: A novel therapeutic derived from apolipoprotein E reduces brain inflammation and improves outcome after closed head injury. Exp. Neurol. 192(1), 109-116 (2005).
89. Hall ED, Springer JE: Neuroprotection and acute spinal cord injury: a reappraisal. NeuroRx 1(1), 80-100 (2004).
90. Kim H-Y: Novel metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282(26), 18861-18665 (2007).
91. Marcheselli VI, Hong S, Lukiw WJ et al.: Novel docosanoids inhibit brain ischemia-reperfusion-mediated leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 278(44), 43807-43817 (2003).
92. Bazan N: The onset of brain injury and neurodegeneration triggers the synthesis of docosanoid neuroprotective signaling. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 26(4-6), 901-913 (2006).
93. Ariel A, Serhan CN: Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammation. Trends Immunol. 28(4), 176-183 (2007).
94. Belayev L, Marcheselli VL, Khoutorava L et al.: Docosahexaenoic acid complexed to albumin elicits high-grade ischemic neuroprotection. Stroke 36(1), 118-123 (2005).
95. Lukiw WJ, Cui J-G, Marchesilli VL et al.: A role for docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 in neural cell survival and Alzheimer disease. J. Clin. Invest. 115(10), 2774-2783 (2005).
96. Balazy M: Eicosanomics: targeted lipidomics of cicosanoids in biological systems. Prostaglandin Other Lipid Mediat. 73(3-4), 173-180 (2004).
97. Hillard CJ: Lipids and drugs of abuse. Life Sci. 77(14), 1531-1542 (2005).
98. Senn C, Hangartner C, Moes S, Guerini D, Hofbauer KG: Central administration of small interfering RNAs in rats: a comparison with antisense oligonucleotides. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 522(1-3), 30-37 (2005).
99. Cejka D, Losert D, Wacheck V: Short interfering RNA (siRNA): tool or therapeutic? Clin. Sci. (Lond). 110(1), 47-58 (2006).
100. Dykxhoorn DM, Palliser D, Lieberman J: The silent treatment: siRNAs as small molecule drugs. Gene Ther. 13, 541-552 (2006).
101. Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF, Tureyen K: CDP-choline liposomes provide significant reduction in infarction over free CDP-choline in stroke. Brain Res. 1058(1-2), 193-197 (2005).
102. Adibhatla RM: Mechanistic aspects of CDP-choline (Citicoline) action in stroke: In: 4th Asia Pacific Conference Against Stroke (APCAS Maarch 30-April 1, 202007). Conference Secretariat, APCAS New Delhi, India (2007).
103. Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF: Citicoline mechanisms and clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosci. Res. 70(2), 133-139 (2002).
104. Wolozin B: Cholesterol, statins and dementia. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 15(6), 667-672 (2004).
105. Lane RM, Farlow MR: Lipid homeostasis and apolipoprotein E in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. J. Lipid Res. 46(5), 949-968 (2005).
106. Farooqui AA, Horrocks LA, Farooqui T: Modulation of inflammation in brain: a matter of fat. J. Neurochem. 101(3). 577-599 (2007).
107. Mukherjee S, Maxfield FR: Lipid and cholesterol trafficking in NPC. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1685(1-3), 28-37 (2004).
108. Miranda SRP, He X, Simonaro CM et al.: Infusion of recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase into Niemann-Pick disease mice leads to visceral, but not neurological, correction of the pathophysiology. FASEB J. 14(13), 1988-1995 (2000).
109. Kanter JL, Narayana S, Ho PP et al.: Lipid microarrays identify key mediators of autoimmune brain inflammation. Nat. Med. 12(1), 138-143 (2006).
110. Centonze D, Finazzi-Agro A, Bernardi G, Maccarrone M: The endocannabinoid system in targeting inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 28(4), 180-187 (2007).
111. 2 in reactive astrocytes in response to transient focal carebral ischemia in the rat brain. J. Neurochem. 90(3), 637-645 (2004).
112. 2 group IIA. Curr. Med. Chem. 12(25), 3011-3026 (2005).
113. Narayan RK, Michel ME, Ansell B et al.: Clinical trials in head injury. J. Neurotrauma 19(5), 503-557 (2002).