CXCR3 axis: Role in inflammatory bowel disease and its therapeutic implication

Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 111-123

  Singh, Udai P ^a   Venkataraman, Chandrasekar ^b   Singh, Rajesh ^c   Lillard Jr , James W ^a,c  

^a MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

^c University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemokines; Colitis; Crohn's disease; CXCR3 ligands; Senescence accelerated mice; T cell responses

Indexed keywords

ALICAFORSEN; AZATHIOPRINE; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3; CORTICOSTEROID; CXCL11 CHEMOKINE; CXCL9 CHEMOKINE; CYCLOSPORIN; ETANERCEPT; GAMMA INTERFERON ANTIBODY; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; HLA DQ ANTIGEN; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 18 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY; MERCAPTOPURINE; MESALAZINE; METHOTREXATE; NATALIZUMAB; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; TRINITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS; BRUCELLA ABORTUS; CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLOSTRIDIUM; COLITIS; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CROHN DISEASE; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; ENTERITIS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EUBACTERIUM; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; KLEBSIELLA; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; MYCOBACTERIUM; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SENESCENCE; TISSUE INJURY; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; UNITED STATES; YERSINIA;

ANIMALS; COLITIS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; LIGANDS; RECEPTORS, CHEMOKINE;

EID: 34250800833     PISSN: 18715303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187153007780832109     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Podolsky, D.K. (1991) N. Engl. J. Med., 325(13), 928-937.
2. Hay, J.W. and Hay, A.R. (1992) J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 14(4), 309-317.
3. Orholm, M.; Munkholm, P.; Langholz, E.; Nielsen, O.H.; Sorensen, I.A. and Binder, V. (1991) N. Engl. J. Med., 324(2), 84-88.
4. Satsangi, J.; Welsh, K.I.; Bunce, M.; Julier, C.; Farrant, J.M.; Bell, J.I. and Jewell, D.P. (1996) Lancet, 347(9010), 1212-1217.
5. Mascheretti, S. and Schreiber, S. (2005) Am. J. Pharmacogenomics, 5(4), 213-222.
6. Pierik, M.; Joossens, S.; Van Steen, K.; Van Schuerbeek, N.; Vlietinck, R.; Rutgeerts, P. and Vermeire, S. (2006) Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 12(1), 1-8.
7. Franchimont, D.; Vermeire, S.; El Housni, H.; Pierik, M.; Van Steen, K.; Gustot, T.; Quertinmont, E.; Abramowicz, M.; Van Gossum, A.; Deviere, J. and Rutgeerts, P. (2004) Gut, 53(7), 987-992.
8. Chiodini, R.J. (1989) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2(1), 90-117.
9. Harris, N.B. and Barletta, R.G. (2001) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 14(3), 489-512.
10. Lombard, J.E.; Garry, F.B.; McCluskey, B.J. and Wagner, B.A. (2005) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 227(12), 1975-1981.
11. Nielsen, S.S.; Grohn, Y.T.; Quaas, R.L. and Agger, J.F. (2002) J. Dairy Sci., 85(2), 406-412.
12. Pickup, R.W.; Rhodes, G.; Arnott, S.; Sidi-Boumedine, K.; Bull, T.J.; Weightman, A.; Hurley, M. and Hermon-Taylor, J. (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71(4), 2130-2139.
13. Mishina, D.; Katsel, P.; Brown, S.T.; Gilberts, E.C. and Greenstein, R.J. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93(18), 9816-9820.
14. Chiodini, R.J.; Van Kruiningen, H.J.; Thayer, W.R.; Merkal, R.S. and Coutu, J.A. (1984) Dig. Dis. Sci., 29(12), 1073-1079.
15. McFadden, J.J.; Butcher, P.D.; Chiodini, R.J. and Hermon-Taylor, J. (1987) J. Gen. Microbiol., 133(1), 211-214.
16. Sanderson, J.D.; Moss, M.T.; Tizard, M.L. and Hermon-Taylor, J. (1992) Gut, 33(7), 890-896
17. Autschbach, F.; Eisold, S.; Hinz, U.; Zinser, S.; Linnebacher, M.; Giese, T.; Loffler, T.; Buchler, M.W. and Schmidt, J. (2005) Gut, 54(7), 944-949.
18. Naser, S.A.; Ghobrial, G.; Romero, C. and Valentine, J.F. (2004) Lancet, 364(9439), 1039-1044.
19. Shafran, I.; Piromalli, C.; Decker, J.W.; Sandoval, J.; Naser, S.A. and El-Zaatari, F.A. (2002) Dig. Dis. Sci., 47(9), 2079-2081.
20. Hulten, K.; El-Zimaity, H.M.; Karttunen, T.J.; Almashhrawi, A.; Schwartz, M.R.; Graham, D.Y. and El-Zaatari, F.A. (2001) Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96(5), 1529-1535.
21. Naser, S.A.; Schwartz, D. and Shafran, I. (2000) Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95(4), 1094-1095.
22. Nahar, I.K.; Shojania, K.; Marra, C.A.; Alamgir, A.H. and Anis, A.H. (2003) Ann. Pharmacol., 37(9), 1256-1265.
23. Dimakou, K.; Papaioannides, D.; Latsi, P.; Katsimboula, S.; Korantzopoulos, P. and Orphanidou, D. (2004) Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58(11), 1052-1055.
24. Pizarro, T.T.; Arseneau, K.O. and Cominelli, F. (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 278(5), G665-669.
25. Kelsall, B.L.; Stuber, E.; Neurath, M. and Strober, W. (1996) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 795(116), 116-126.
26. Mombaerts, P.; Mizoguchi, E.; Grusby, M.J.; Glimcher, L.H.; Bhan, A.K. and Tonegawa, S. (1993) Cell, 75(2), 274-282.
27. Morrissey, P.J.; Charrier, K.; Braddy, S.; Liggitt, D. and Watson, J.D. (1993) J. Exp. Med., 178(1), 237-244.
28. Sadlack, B.; Merz, H.; Schorle, H.; Schimpl, A.; Feller, A.C. and Horak, I. (1993) Cell, 75(2), 253-261.
29. Kuhn, R.; Lohler, J.; Rennick, D.; Rajewsky, K. and Muller, W. (1993) Cell, 75(2), 263-274
30. Matsumoto, S.; Okabe, Y.; Setoyama, H.; Takayama, K.; Ohtsuka, J.; Funahashi, H.; Imaoka, A.; Okada, Y. and Umesaki, Y. (1998) Gut, 43(1), 71-78.
31. Berg, D.J.; Davidson, N.; Kuhn, R.; Muller, W.; Menon, S.; Holland, G.; Thompson-Snipes, L.; Leach, M.W. and Rennick, D. (1996) J. Clin. Invest., 98(4), 1010-1020.
32. Davidson, N.J.; Hudak, S.A.; Lesley, R.E.; Menon, S.; Leach, M.W. and Rennick, D.M. (1998) J. Immunol., 161(6), 3143-3149.
33. Fort, M.; Lesley, R.; Davidson, N.; Menon, S.; Brombacher, F.; Leach, M. and Rennick, D. (2001) J. Immunol., 166(4), 2793-2800.
34. Sundberg, J.P.; Elson, C.O.; Bedigian, H. and Birkenmeier, E.H. (1994) Gastroenterology, 107(6), 1726-1735.
35. Rudolph, U.; Finegold, M.J.; Rich, S.S.; Harriman, G.R.; Srinivasan, Y.; Brabet, P.; Boulay, G.; Bradley, A. and Birnbaumer, L. (1995) Nat. Gen., 10(2), 143-150.
36. Singh, U.P.; Singh, S.; Iqbal, N.; Weaver, C.T.; McGhee, J.R. and Lillard, J.W.; Jr. (2003) J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 23(10), 591-600.
37. MacDonald, T.T. and Pettersson, S. (2000) Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 6(2), 116-122.
38. Powrie, F. and Leach, M.W. (1995) Ther. Immunol., 2(2), 115-123.
39. Elson, C.O.; Sartor, R.B.; Tennyson, G.S. and Riddell, R.H. (1995) Gastroenterology, 109(4), 1344-1367.
40. Fiocchi, C. (1998) Gastroenterology, 115(1), 182-205.
41. Fuss, I.J.; Ehrhardt, R.O.; Neurath, M.; Boirivant, M.; Ludviksson, B.R. and Strober, W. (1998) Scand. J. Immunol., 48(5), 453-458.
42. Monteleone, G. (1998) Gut, 43(6), 735-736.
43. Sundaramoorthi, R.; Siedem, C.; Vu, C.B.; Dalgarno, D.C.; Laird, E.C.; Botfield, M.C.; Combs, A.B.; Adams, S.E.; Yuan, R.W.; Weigele, M. and Narula, S.S. (2001) Biol. Med. Chem. Lett., 11(13), 1665-1669.
44. Fuss, I.J.; Neurath, M.; Boirivant, M.; Klein, J.S.; de la Motte, C.; Strong, S.A.; Fiocchi, C. and Strober, W. (1996) J. Immunol., 157(3), 1261-1270.
45. Duchmann, R.; Kaiser, I.; Hermann, E.; Mayet, W.; Ewe, K. and Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K.H. (1995) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 102(3), 448-455.
46. Nakajima, A.; Kodama, T.; Yazaki, Y.; Takazoe, M.; Saito, N.; Suzuki, R.; Nishino, H.; Yamamoto, K.; Silver, J. and Matsuhashi, N. (1996) J. Immunol., 157(12), 5683-5688.
47. Probert, C.S.; Chott, A.; Turner, J.R.; Saubermann, L.J.; Stevens, A.C.; Bodinaku, K.; Elson, C.O.; Balk, S.P. and Blumberg, R.S. (1996) J. Immunol., 157(7), 3183-3191.
48. van Dullemen, H.M.; van Deventer, S.J.; Hommes, D.W.; Bijl, H.A.; Jansen, J.; Tytgat, G.N. and Woody, J. (1995) Gastroenterology, 109(1), 129-135.
49. ten Hove, T.; van Montfrans, C.; Peppelenbosch, M.P. and van Deventer, S.J. (2002) Gut, 50(2), 206-211.
50. Breese, E.J.; Michie, C.A.; Nicholls, S.W.; Murch, S.H.; Williams, C.B.; Domizio, P.; Walker-Smith, J.A. and MacDonald, T.T. (1994) Gastroenterology, 106(6), 1455-1466.
51. Reimund, J.M.; Wittersheim, C.; Dumont, S.; Muller, C.D.; Kenney, J.S.; Baumann, R.; Poindron, P. and Duclos, B. (1996) Gut, 39(5), 684-689.
52. Powrie, F.; Leach, M.W.; Mauze, S.; Menon, S.; Caddle, L.B. and Coffman, R.L. (1994) Immunity, 1(7), 553-562.
53. Corazza, N.; Eichenberger, S.; Eugster, H.P. and Mueller, C. (1999) J. Exp. Med., 190(10), 1479-1491.
54. Trinchieri, G. (1994) Blood, 84(12), 4008-4027.
55. Parronchi, P.; Romagnani, P.; Annunziato, F.; Sampognaro, S.; Becchio, A.; Giannarini, L.; Maggi, E.; Pupilli, C.; Tonelli, F. and Romagnani, S. (1997) Am. J. Pathol., 150(3), 823-832.
56. Ehrhardt, R.O.; Ludviksson, B.R.; Gray, B.; Neurath, M. and Strober, W. (1997) J. Immunol., 158(2), 566-573.
57. Neurath, M.F.; Fuss, I.; Kelsall, B.L.; Stuber, E. and Strober, W. (1995) J. Exp. Med., 182(5), 1281-1290.
58. Fuss, I.J.; Marth, T.; Neurath, M.F.; Pearlstein, G.R.; Jain, A. and Strober, W. (1999) Gastroenterology, 117(5), 1078-1088.
59. Rennick, D.M. and Fort, M.M. (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 278(6), G829-G833.
60. Wuyts, A.; Proost, P.; Lenaerts, J.P.; Ben-Baruch, A.; Van Damme, J. and Wang, J.M. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem., 255(1), 67-73.
61. Luster, A.D. and Ravetch, J.V. (1987) J. Exp. Med., 166(4), 1084-1097.
62. Farber, J.M. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 192(1), 223-230.
63. Cole, K.E.; Strick, C.A.; Paradis, T.J.; Ogborne, K.T.; Loetscher, M.; Gladue, R.P.; Lin, W.; Boyd, J.G.; Moser, B.; Wood, D.E.; Sahagan, B.G. and Neote, K. (1998) J. Exp. Med., 187(12), 2009-2021.
64. Dwinell, M.B.; Lugering, N.; Eckmann, L. and Kagnoff, M.F. (2001) Gastroenterology, 120(1), 49-59.
65. Farber, J.M. (1997) J. Leukoc. Biol., 61(2), 246-257.
66. Gasperini, S.; Marchi, M.; Calzetti, F.; Laudanna, C.; Vicentini, L.; Olsen, H.; Murphy, M.; Liao, F.; Farber, J. and Cassatella, M.A. (1999) J. Immunol., 162(8), 4928-4937.
67. Sauty, A.; Dziejman, M.; Taha, R.A.; Iarossi, A.S.; Neote, K.; Garcia-Zepeda, E.A.; Hamid, Q. and Luster, A.D. (1999) J. Immunol., 162(6), 3549-3558.
68. Kolios, G.; Wright, K.L.; Jordan, N.J.; Leithead, J.B.; Robertson, D.A. and Westwick, J. (1999) Eur. J. Immunol., 29(2), 530-536.
69. Agace, W.W.; Roberts, A.I.; Wu, L.; Greineder, C.; Ebert, E.C. and Parker, C.M. (2000) Eur. J. Immunol., 30(3), 819-826.
70. Hamilton, N.H.; Banyer, J.L.; Hapel, A.J.; Mahalingam, S.; Ramsay, A.J.; Ramshaw, I.A. and Thomson, S.A. (2002) Scand. J. Immunol., 55(2), 171-177.
71. Mach, F.; Sauty, A.; Iarossi, A.S.; Sukhova, G.K.; Neote, K.; Libby, P. and Luster, A.D. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104(8), 1041-1050.
72. Yuan, Y.H.; ten Hove, T.; The, F.O.; Slors, J.F.; van Deventer, S.J. and te Velde, A.A. (2001) Inflamm. Bowel. Dis., 7(4), 281-286.
73. Sasaki, S.; Yoneyama, H.; Suzuki, K.; Suriki, H.; Aiba, T.; Watanabe, S.; Kawauchi, Y.; Kawachi, H.; Shimizu, F.; Matsushima, K.; Asakura, H. and Narumi, S. (2002) Eur. J. Immunol., 32(11), 3197-3205.
74. Bonecchi, R.; Bianchi, G.; Bordignon, P.P.; D'ambrosio, D.; Lang, R.; Borsatti, A.; Sozzani, S.; Allavena, P.; Gray, P.A.; Mantovani, A. and Sinigaglia, F. (1998) J. Exp. Med., 187(1), 129-134.
75. Loetscher, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Gong, J.H.; Mattioli, I.; Loetscher, M.; Bardi, G.; Baggiolini, M. and Clark-Lewis, I. (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276(5), 2986-2991.
76. Taub, D.D.; Sayers, T.J.; Carter, C.R. and Ortaldo, J.R. (1995) J. Immunol., 155(8), 3877-3888.
77. Cella, M.; Sallusto, F. and Lanzavecchia, A. (1997) Curr. Opin. Immunol., 9(1), 10-16.
78. Clark-Lewis, I.; Mattioli, I.; Gong, J.H. and Loetscher, P. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278(1), 289-295.
79. Lu, B.; Humbles, A.; Bota, D.; Gerard, C.; Moser, B.; Soler, D.; Luster, A.D. and Gerard, N.P. (1999) Eur. J. Immunol., 29(11), 3804-3812.
80. Salmaggi, A.; Gelati, M.; Dufour, A.; Corsini, E.; Pagano, S.; Baccalini, R.; Ferrero, E.; Scabini, S.; Silei, V.; Ciusani, E. and De Rossi, M. (2002) J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 22(6), 631-640.
81. Loetscher, M.; Legler, D.F.; Clark-Lewis, I.; Baggiolini, M. and Moser, B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272(28), 17251-17254.
82. Luster, A.D.; Greenberg, S.M. and Leder, P. (1995) J. Exp. Med., 182(1), 219-231.
83. Soejima, K. and Rollins, B.J. (2001) J. Immunol., 167(11), 6576-6582.
84. Davidson, N.J.; Leach, M.W.; Fort, M.M.; Thompson-Snipes, L.; Kuhn, R.; Muller, W.; Berg, D.J. and Rennick, D.M. (1996) J. Exp. Med., 184(1), 241-251.
85. Singh, U.P.; Singh, S.; Taub, D.D. and Lillard, J.W.; Jr. (2003) J. Immunol., 171(3), 1401-1406.
86. Uguccioni, M.; Gionchetti, P.; Robbiani, D.F.; Rizzello, F.; Peruzzo, S.; Campieri, M. and Baggiolini, M. (1999) Am. J. Pathol., 155(2), 331-336.
87. Soto, H.; Wang, W.; Strieter, R.M.; Copeland, N.G.; Gilbert, D.J.; Jenkins, N.A.; Hedrick, J. and Zlotnik, A. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95(14), 8205-8210.
88. Shibahara, T.; Wilcox, J.N.; Couse, T. and Madara, J.L. (2001) Gastroenterology, 120(1), 60-70.
89. Scheerens, H.; Hessel, E.; de Waal-Malefyt, R.; Leach, M.W. and Rennick, D. (2001) Eur. J. Immunol., 31(5), 1465-1474.
90. Meyer, M.; Hensbergen, P.J.; van der Raaij-Helmer, E.M.; Brandacher, G.; Margreiter, R.; Heufler, C.; Koch, F.; Narumi, S.; Werner, E.R.; Colvin, R.; Luster, A.D.; Tensen, C.P. and Werner-Felmayer, G. (2001) Eur. J. Immunol., 31(8), 2521-2527.
91. Qin, S.; Rottman, J.B.; Myers, P.; Kassam, N.; Weinblatt, M.; Loetscher, M.; Koch, A.E.; Moser, B. and Mackay, C.R. (1998) J. Clin. Invest., 101(4), 746-754.
92. Nishioji, K.; Okanoue, T.; Itoh, Y.; Narumi, S.; Sakamoto, M.; Nakamura, H.; Morita, A. and Kashima, K. (2001) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 123(2), 271-279.
93. Kabashima, H.; Yoneda, M.; Nagata, K.; Hirofuji, T.; Ishihara, Y.; Yamashita, M. and Maeda, K. (2001) Cytokine, 16(2), 62-66.
94. Kabashima, H.; Yoneda, M.; Nagata, K.; Hirofuji, T. and Maeda, K. (2002) Cytokine, 20(2), 70-77.
95. Xia, M.Q.; Bacskai, B.J.; Knowles, R.B.; Qin, S.X. and Hyman, B.T. (2000) J. Neuroimmunol., 108(1-2), 227-235.
96. Teruya-Feldstein, J.; Tosato, G. and Jaffe, E.S. (2000) Leuk. Lymphoma, 38(3-4), 363-371.
97. Liu, M.T.; Armstrong, D.; Hamilton, T.A. and Lane, T.E. (2001) J. Immunol., 166(3), 1790-1795.
98. Fife, B.T.; Kennedy, K.J.; Paniagua, M.C.; Lukacs, N.W.; Kunkel, S.L.; Luster, A.D. and Karpus, W.J. (2001) J. Immunol., 166(12), 7617-7624.
99. Romagnani, P.; Rotondi, M.; Lazzeri, E.; Lasagni, L.; Francalanci, M.; Buonamano, A.; Milani, S.; Vitti, P.; Chiovato, L.; Tonacchera, M.; Bellastella, A. and Serio, M. (2002) Am. J. Pathol., 161(1), 195-206.
100. Medoff, B.D.; Sauty, A.; Tager, A.M.; Maclean, J.A.; Smith, R.N.; Mathew, A.; Dufour, J.H. and Luster, A.D. (2002) J. Immunol., 168(10), 5278-5286.
101. Romagnani, P.; Beltrame, C.; Annunziato, F.; Lasagni, L.; Luconi, M.; Galli, G.; Cosmi, L.; Maggi, E.; Salvadori, M.; Pupilli, C. and Serio, M. (1999) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 10(12), 2518-2526.
102. Liu, M.T.; Keirstead, H.S. and Lane, T.E. (2001) J. Immunol., 167(7), 4091-4097.
103. Belperio, J.A.; Keane, M.P.; Burdick, M.D.; Lynch, J.P.; 3rd, Xue, Y.Y.; Li, K.; Ross, D.J. and Strieter, R.M. (2002) J. Immunol., 169(2), 1037-1049.
104. Agostini, C.; Cassatella, M.; Zambello, R.; Trentin, L.; Gasperini, S.; Perin, A.; Piazza, F.; Siviero, M.; Facco, M.; Dziejman, M.; Chilosi, M.; Qin, S.; Luster, A.D. and Semenzato, G. (1998) J. Immunol., 161(11), 6413-6420.
105. Flier, J.; Boorsma, D.M.; van Beek, P.J.; Nieboer, C.; Stoof, T.J.; Willemze, R. and Tensen, C.P. (2001) J. Pathol., 194(4), 398-405.
106. Elson, C.O.; Beagley, K.W.; Sharmanov, A.T.; Fujihashi, K.; Kiyono, H.; Tennyson, G.S.; Cong, Y.; Black, C.A.; Ridwan, B.W. and McGhee, J.R. (1996) J. Immunol., 157(5), 2174-2185.
107. Hyun, J.G.; Lee, G.; Brown, J.B.; Grimm, G.R.; Tang, Y.; Mittal, N.; Dirisina, R.; Zhang, Z.; Fryer, J.P.; Weinstock, J.V.; Luster, A.D. and Barrett, T.A. (2005) Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 11(5), 799-805.
108. Wedderburn, L.R.; Robinson, N.; Patel, A.; Varsani, H. and Woo, P. (2000) Arthritis Rheum., 43(4), 765-774.
109. Patel, D.D.; Zachariah, J.P. and Whichard, L.P. (2001) Clin. Immunol., 98(1), 39-45.
110. Mohan, K.; Ding, Z.; Hanly, J. and Issekutz, T.B. (2002) J. Immunol., 168(12), 6420-6428.
111. Frigerio, S.; Junt, T.; Lu, B.; Gerard, C.; Zumsteg, U.; Hollander, G.A. and Piali, L. (2002) Nat. Med., 8(12), 1414-1420.
112. Hancock, W.W.; Lu, B.; Gao, W.; Csizmadia, V.; Faia, K.; King, J.A.; Smiley, S.T.; Ling, M.; Gerard, N.P. and Gerard, C. (2000) J. Exp. Med., 192(10), 1515-1520.
113. Hancock, W.W.; Gao, W.; Csizmadia, V.; Faia, K.L.; Shemmeri, N. and Luster, A.D. (2001) J. Exp. Med., 193(8), 975-980.
114. Hancock, W.W.; Wang, L.; Ye, Q.; Han, R. and Lee, I. (2003) Curr. Opin. Immunol., 15(5), 479-486.
115. Xie, J.H.; Nomura, N.; Lu, M.; Chen, S.L.; Koch, G.E.; Weng, Y.; Rosa, R.; Di Salvo, J.; Mudgett, J.; Peterson, L.B.; Wicker, L.S. and DeMartino, J.A. (2003) J. Leukoc. Biol., 73(6), 771-780.
116. Xanthou, G.; Williams, T.J. and Pease, J.E. (2003) Eur. J. Immunol., 33(10), 2927-2936.
117. Yang, Y.F.; Mukai, T.; Gao, P.; Yamaguchi, N.; Ono, S.; Iwaki, H.; Obika, S.; Imanishi, T.; Tsujimura, T.; Hamaoka, T. and Fujiwara, H. (2002) Eur. J. Immunol., 32(8), 2124-2132.
118. Collins, T.L.; Johnson, M.; Li, A.-R.; Liu, J.; Huang, A.; Zhu, L.; Marcus, A.; Danao, J.; Smith, J.; Seitz, L.; Berry, K.K.; Kumer, J.; Lawrence, C.; Sablan, E. and Tonn, G.R. (2003) T487: A selective and potent small molecule antagonist of CXCR3. Sixth World Cong. on Inflamm.; Vancouver, Canada, 2003. p S118.
119. Medina, J.; Collins, T.; Johnson, M.; Li, A.-R.; Fu, Z.; Liu, J.; Marcus, A.; Tonn, G.; Schall, T.; and Ye, Q. (2004) Discovery and development of a CXCR3 antagonist T487 as therapy for Th1-mediated immune disorders, in 29th National Medicinal Chemistry Symposium; 2004 June 27-July 1, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.
120. Berry, K.; Friedrich, M.; Kersey, K.; Stempien, M.J.; Wagner, F.; van Lier, J.J.; Sabat, R. and Wolk, K. (2003) Evaluation of T0906487, a CXCR3 antagonist, in a Phase 2a Psoriasis Trial. Inflam. Res. Asso. Bian Meet. Lake George, NY, 2003. pp. S222.
121. Heise, C.E.; Pahuja, A.; Hudson, S.C.; Mistry, M.S.; Putnam, A.L.; Gross, M.M.; Gottlieb, P.A.; Wade, W.S.; Kiankarimi, M.; Schwarz, D.; Crowe, P.; Zlotnik, A. and Alleva, D.G. (2005) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 313(3), 1263-1271.