Nuclear architecture underlying gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei

Trends in Microbiology

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 263-270

  Navarro, Miguel ^a   Peñate, Xenia ^a   Landeira, David ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE PARASITOLOGÍA Y BIOMEDICINA LÓPEZ NEYRA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; RNA; RNA POLYMERASE; TETRACYCLINE; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN;

ANTIGENICITY; CHROMATIN; CHROMOSOME; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE SILENCING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOLUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REVIEW; RNA PROCESSING; TELOMERE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRYPANOSOMA; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

ALLELES; ANIMALS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ANTIGENS, PROTOZOAN; CELL NUCLEUS; CHROMOSOMES; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; INTRANUCLEAR SPACE; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTOZOAN PROTEINS; RNA POLYMERASE I; TELOMERE; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEINS, TRYPANOSOMA;

TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

EID: 34249829230     PISSN: 0966842X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.04.004     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Barry D., et al. Trypanosomes: After The Genome (2007), Horizon Scientific Press
2. Clayton C.E. Life without transcriptional control? From fly to man and back again. EMBO J. 21 (2002) 1881-1888
3. Palenchar J.B., and Bellofatto V. Gene transcription in trypanosomes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 146 (2006) 135-141
4. Gilinger G., and Bellofatto V. Trypanosome spliced leader RNA genes contain the first identified RNA polymerase II gene promoter in these organisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (2001) 1556-1564
5. Horn D., and Barry J.D. The central roles of telomeres and subtelomeres in antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. Chromosome Res. 13 (2005) 525-533
6. Pays E., et al. Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei: facts, challenges and mysteries. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 7 (2004) 369-374
7. Borst P., and Ulbert S. Control of VSG gene expression sites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114 (2001) 17-27
8. Berriman M., et al. The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. Science 309 (2005) 416-422
9. Callejas S., et al. Hemizygous subtelomeres of an African trypanosome chromosome may account for over 75% of chromosome length. Genome Res. 16 (2006) 1109-1118
10. Barry J.D., and McCulloch R. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes: enhanced phenotypic variation in a eukaryotic parasite. Adv. Parasitol. 49 (2001) 1-70
11. Matthews K.R. The developmental cell biology of Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Sci. 118 (2005) 283-290
12. Pays E., et al. The VSG expression sites of Trypanosoma brucei: multipurpose tools for the adaptation of the parasite to mammalian hosts. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114 (2001) 1-16
13. Conway C., et al. Two pathways of homologous recombination in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Microbiol. 45 (2002) 1687-1700
14. Dreesen O., et al. Telomere structure and function in trypanosomes: a proposal. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5 (2007) 70-75
15. Robinson N.P., et al. Inactivation of Mre11 does not affect VSG gene duplication mediated by homologous recombination in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 26185-26193
16. McCulloch R., and Barry J.D. A role for RAD51 and homologous recombination in Trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation. Genes Dev. 13 (1999) 2875-2888
17. Conway C., et al. Ku is important for telomere maintenance, but not for differential expression of telomeric VSG genes, in African trypanosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 21269-21277
18. Janzen C.J., et al. Telomere length regulation and transcriptional silencing in KU80-deficient Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 32 (2004) 6575-6584
19. Dreesen O., and Cross G.A. Consequences of telomere shortening at an active VSG expression site in telomerase-deficient Trypanosoma brucei. Eukaryot. Cell 5 (2006) 2114-2119
20. Dreesen O., and Cross G.A. Telomerase-independent stabilization of short telomeres in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26 (2006) 4911-4919
21. Alsford S., et al. A sirtuin in the African trypanosome is involved in both DNA repair and telomeric gene silencing but is not required for antigenic variation. Mol. Microbiol. 63 (2007) 724-736
22. Chaves I., et al. Control of variant surface glycoprotein gene-expression sites in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 18 (1999) 4846-4855
23. Navarro M., and Gull K. A pol I transcriptional body associated with VSG mono-allelic expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Nature 414 (2001) 759-763
24. Pays E. Regulation of antigen gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Trends Parasitol. 21 (2005) 517-520
25. Freitas-Junior L.H., et al. Telomeric heterochromatin propagation and histone acetylation control mutually exclusive expression of antigenic variation genes in malaria parasites. Cell 121 (2005) 25-36
26. Duraisingh M.T., et al. Heterochromatin silencing and locus repositioning linked to regulation of virulence genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Cell 121 (2005) 13-24
27. Ralph S.A., et al. Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with movement of var loci between subnuclear locations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 5414-5419
28. Spector D.L. The dynamics of chromosome organization and gene regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 573-608
29. Taddei A., et al. The function of nuclear architecture: a genetic approach. Annu. Rev. Genet. 38 (2004) 305-345
30. Scheer U., and Hock R. Structure and function of the nucleolus. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11 (1999) 385-390
31. Chung H.-M.M., et al. Architectural organization in the interphase nucleus of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei: Location of telomeres and mini-chromosomes. EMBO J. 9 (1990) 2611-2619
32. Ogbadoyi E., et al. Architecture of the Trypanosoma brucei nucleus during interphase and mitosis. Chromosoma 108 (2000) 501-513
33. Ersfeld K., et al. Nuclear and genome organization of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol. Today 15 (1999) 58-63
34. Chaves I., et al. Subnuclear localization of the active variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 (1998) 12328-12333
35. Ulbert S., et al. Expression site activation in Trypanosoma brucei with three marked variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 120 (2002) 225-235
36. Navarro M., et al. Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein regulation involves coupled activation/inactivation and chromatin remodeling of expression sites. EMBO J. 18 (1999) 2265-2272
37. Vanhamme L., et al. Differential RNA elongation controls the variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Microbiol. 36 (2000) 328-340
38. Rudenko G., et al. VSG gene expression site control in insect form Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 5470-5482
39. Amiguet-Vercher A., et al. Loss of the mono-allelic control of the VSG expression sites during the development of Trypanosoma brucei in the bloodstream. Mol. Microbiol. 51 (2004) 1577-1588
40. Navarro M., and Cross G.A. DNA rearrangements associated with multiple consecutive directed antigenic switches in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (1996) 3615-3625
41. Navarro M., and Cross G.A. In situ analysis of a variant surface glycoprotein expression-site promoter region in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 94 (1998) 53-66
42. Ansorge I., et al. Transcription of 'inactive' expression sites in African trypanosomes leads to expression of multiple transferrin receptor RNAs in bloodstream forms. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 101 (1999) 81-94
43. Rudenko G., et al. A ribosomal DNA promoter replacing the promoter of a telomeric VSG gene expression site can be efficiently switched on and off in T. brucei. Cell 83 (1995) 547-553
44. Perez-Morga D., et al. Organization of telomeres during the cell and life cycles of Trypanosoma brucei. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 48 (2001) 221-226
45. Vickerman K., and Preston T.M. Spindle microtubules in the dividing nuclei of trypanosomes. J. Cell Sci. 6 (1970) 365-383
46. Alsford S., and Horn D. Trypanosomatid histones. Mol. Microbiol. 53 (2004) 365-372
47. Lowell J.E., et al. Histone H2AZ dimerizes with a novel variant H2B and is enriched at repetitive DNA in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Sci. 118 (2005) 5721-5730
48. Lowell J.E., and Cross G.A. A variant histone H3 is enriched at telomeres in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Sci. 117 (2004) 5937-5947
49. Janzen C.J., et al. Unusual histone modifications in Trypanosoma brucei. FEBS Lett. 580 (2006) 2306-2310
50. Janzen C.J., et al. Selective di- or trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 76 by two DOT1 homologs is important for cell cycle regulation in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell 23 (2006) 497-507
51. Garcia-Salcedo J.A., et al. A chromosomal SIR2 homologue with both histone NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase and deacetylase activities is involved in DNA repair in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 22 (2003) 5851-5862
52. Raska I., et al. Structure and function of the nucleolus in the spotlight. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 18 (2006) 325-334
53. Rout M.P., and Field M.C. Isolation and characterization of subnuclear compartments from Trypanosoma brucei. Identification of a major repetitive nuclear lamina component. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 38261-38271
54. Landeira D., and Navarro M. Nuclear repositioning of the VSG promoter during developmental silencing in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Cell Biol. 176 (2007) 133-139
55. Rudenko G., et al. RNA polymerase I can mediate expression of CAT and neo protein-coding genes in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 10 (1991) 3387-3397
56. Chung H.M., et al. RNA polymerase I-mediated protein-coding gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol. Today 8 (1992) 414-418
57. Estevez A.M., et al. The exosome of Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 3831-3839
58. Haile S., et al. The subcellular localisation of trypanosome RRP6 and its association with the exosome. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 151 (2007) 52-58
59. Acosta-Serrano A., et al. The procyclin repertoire of Trypanosoma brucei. Identification and structural characterization of the Glu-Pro-rich polypeptides. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 29763-29771
60. Lomvardas S., et al. Interchromosomal interactions and olfactory receptor choice. Cell 126 (2006) 403-413
61. Kosak S.T., et al. Subnuclear compartmentalization of immunoglobulin loci during lymphocyte development. Science 296 (2002) 158-162
62. Janzen C.J., et al. Expression site silencing and life-cycle progression appear normal in Argonaute1-deficient Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 149 (2006) 102-107
63. Dietzel S., et al. Differential large-scale chromatin compaction and intranuclear positioning of transcribed versus non-transcribed transgene arrays containing β-globin regulatory sequences. J. Cell Sci. 117 (2004) 4603-4614
64. Gartenberg M.R., et al. Sir-mediated repression can occur independently of chromosomal and subnuclear contexts. Cell 119 (2004) 955-967
65. te Vruchte D., et al. Downregulation of Trypanosoma brucei VSG expression site promoters on circular bacterial artificial chromosomes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 128 (2003) 123-133
66. Robinett C.C., et al. In vivo localization of DNA sequences and visualization of large-scale chromatin organization using lac operator/repressor recognition. J. Cell Biol. 135 (1996) 1685-1700
67. Straight A.F., et al. GFP tagging of budding yeast chromosomes reveals that protein-protein interactions can mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Curr. Biol. 6 (1996) 1599-1608
68. Azuara V., et al. Heritable gene silencing in lymphocytes delays chromatid resolution without affecting the timing of DNA replication. Nat. Cell Biol. 5 (2003) 668-674
69. Wirtz E., et al. A tightly regulated inducible expression system for conditional gene knock-outs and dominant-negative genetics in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 99 (1999) 89-101