Downregulation of Trypanosoma brucei VSG expression site promoters on circular bacterial artificial chromosomes

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

Volumn 128, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 123-133

  Te Vruchte, Daniëlle ^a   Aitcheson, Niall ^a   Rudenko, Gloria ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antigenic variation; Bacterial artificial chromosome; Position effect; Telomere; Variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC G 418; DAM METHYLATION SENSITIVE RESTRICTION ENZYME; ENZYME; HYGROMYCIN B; PROTOZOAL DNA; RECOMBINANT DNA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; CENTROMERE; CHROMOSOME NUMBER; CHROMOSOME REPLICATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA DETERMINATION; DNA FLANKING REGION; DRUG SELECTIVITY; EPISOME; GAMMA RADIATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE FUSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; INSECT; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PLASMID; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RESTRICTION MAPPING; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); INSECTA; TRYPANOSOMA; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

EID: 0038326643     PISSN: 01666851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00053-7     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Barry J.D., McCulloch R. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes: enhanced phenotypic variation in a eukaryotic parasite. Adv. Parasitol. 49:2001;1-70.
2. Pays E., Lips S., Nolan D., Vanhamme L., Perez-Morga D. The VSG expression sites of Trypanosoma brucei: multipurpose tools for the adaptation of the parasite to mammalian hosts. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114:2001;1-16.
3. Cross G.A.M., Wirtz L.E., Navarro M. Regulation of vsg expression site transcription and switching in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 91:1998;77-91.
4. Donelson J.E., Hill K.L., El-Sayed N.M.A. Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 91:1998;51-66.
5. Borst P., Ulbert S. Control of VSG gene expression sites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114:2001;17-27.
6. Vanhamme L., Pays E., McCulloch R., Barry J.D. An update on antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. Trends Parasitol. 17:2001;338-343.
7. Chaves I., Rudenko G., Dirks-Mulder A., Cross M., Borst P. Control of variant surface glycoprotein gene-expression sites in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 18:1999;4846-4855.
8. Horn D., Cross G.A.M. A developmentally regulated position effect at a telomeric locus in Trypanosoma brucei. Cell. 83:1995;555-561.
9. Rudenko G., Blundell P.A., Dirks-Mulder A., Kieft R., Borst P. A ribosomal DNA promoter replacing the promoter of a telomeric VSG gene expression site can be efficiently switched on and off in T. brucei. Cell. 83:1995;547-553.
10. Borst P. Antigenic variation and allelic exclusion. Cell. 109:2002;5-8.
11. Ansorge I., Steverding D., Melville S., Hartmann C., Clayton C. Transcription of "inactive" expression sites in African trypanosomes leads to expression of multiple transferrin receptor RNAs in bloodstream forms. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 101:1999;81-94.
12. Vanhamme L., Poelvoorde P., Pays A., Tebabi P., Zong H.V., Pays E. Differential RNA elongation controls the variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Micro. 36:2000;328-340.
13. Navarro M., Gull K. A pol I transcriptional body associated with VSG mono-allelic expression in Trypanosoma brucei. Nature. 414:2001;759-763.
14. Vanhamme L., Berberof M., Le Ray D., Pays E. Stimuli of differentiation regulate RNA elongation in the transcription units for the major stage-specific antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1995;1862-1869.
15. Rudenko G., Blundell P.A., Taylor M.C., Kieft R., Borst P. VSG gene expression site control in insect form Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 13:1994;5470-5482.
16. Horn D., Cross G.A.M. Position-dependent and promoter-specific regulation of gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 16:1997;7422-7431.
17. Navarro M., Cross G.A.M., Wirtz E. Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein regulation involves coupled activation/inactivation and chromatin remodeling of expression sites. EMBO J. 18:1999;2265-2272.
18. Zomerdijk J.C.B.M., Kieft R., Shiels P.G., Borst P. Alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription units in trypanosomes: a comparison of promoter sequences for a VSG gene expression site and for the ribosomal RNA genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:1991;5153-5158.
19. Biebinger S., Rettenmaier S., Flaspohler J., Hartmann C., Peña-Diaz J., Wirtz L.E.et al. The PARP promoter of Trypanosoma brucei is developmentally regulated in a chromosomal context. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;1202-1211.
20. Rudenko G., Chaves I., Dirks-Mulder A., Borst P. Selection for activation of a new variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei can result in deletion of the old one. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 95:1998a;97-109.
21. Berriman M., Hall M., Sheader K.et al. The architecture of variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 122:2002;131-140.
22. Melville S., Leech V., Navarro M., Cross G.A.M. The molecular karyotype of the megabase chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei stock 427. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 111:2000;261-273.
23. Brun R., Schönenberger M. Cultivation and in vitro cloning of procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei in semi-defined medium. Acta Tropica. 36:1979;289-292.
24. Blundell P.A., Rudenko G., Borst P. Targeting of exogenous DNA into Trypanosoma brucei requires a high degree of homology between donor and target DNA. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 76:1996;215-229.
25. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. In: Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbour, NY: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press; 1989.
26. Johnson P.J., Kooter J.M., Borst P. Inactivation of transcription by UV irradiation of T. brucei provides evidence for a mulicistronic transcription unit including a VSG gene. Cell. 51:1987;271-281.
27. Kooter J.M., van der Spek H.J., Wagter R., d'Oliveira C.E., van der Hoeven F., Johnson P.J.et al. The anatomy and transcription of a telomeric expression site for variant-specific surface antigens in T. brucei. Cell. 51:1987;261-272.
28. Zomerdijk J.C.B.M., Ouellette M., ten Asbroek A.L.M.A., Kieft R., Bommer A.M.M., Clayton C.E.et al. The promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J. 9:1990;2791-2801.
29. Navarro M., Cross G.A.M. DNA rearrangements associated with multiple consecutive directed antigenic switches in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1996;3615-3625.
30. Shizuya H., Birren B., Kim U.-J., Mancino V., Slepak T., Tachiri Y.et al. Cloning and stable maintenance of 300-kilobase-pair fragments of human DNA in Escherichia coli using an F-factor-based vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:1992;8794-8797.
31. Lee G.-S. A foreign transcription unit in the inactivated VSG gene expression site of the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei and formation of large episomes in stably transformed trypanosomes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 69:1995;223-238.
32. O'Donnell R.A., Preiser P.R., Williamson D.H., Moore P.W., Cowman A.F., Crabb B.S. An alteration in concatameric structure is associated with efficient segregation of plasmids in transfected Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:2001;716-724.
33. Williamson D.H., Janse C.J., Moore P.W., Waters A.P., Preiser P.R. Topology and replication of a nuclear episomal plasmid in the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:2002;726-731.
34. Melville S., Leech V., Gerrard C.S., Tait A., Blackwell J.M. The molecular karyotype of the megabase chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei and the assignment of chromosome markers. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 94:1998;155-173.
35. Bringaud F., Biteau N., Melville S.E.et al. A new expressed multigene family containing a hot spot of insertion for retroelements is associated with polymorphic subtelomeric reginos of Trypanosoma brucei. Euk. Cell. 1:2002;137-151.
36. Ersfeld K., Gull K. Partitioning of large and minichromosomes in Trypanosoma brucei. Science. 276:1997;611-614.
37. Weiden M., Osheim Y.N., Beyer A.L., van der Ploeg L.H.T. Chromosome structure: DNA nucleotide sequence elements of a subset of the minichromosomes of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1991;3823-3834.
38. Steiner N.C., Clarke L. A novel epigenetic effect can alter centromere function in fission yeast. Cell. 79:1994;865-874.
39. Clarke L. Centromeres: proteins, protein complexes, and repeated domains at centromeres of simple eukaryotes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8:1998;212-218.
40. Karpen G.H., Allshire R.C. The case for epigenetic effects on centromere identity and function. Trends Genet. 13:1997;489-496.
41. Gottschling D.E., Aparicio O.M., Billington B.L., Zakian V.A. Position effect at S. cerevisiae telomeres: reversible repression of Pol II transcription. Cell. 63:1990;751-762.
42. Aparicio O.M., Billington B.L., Gottschling D.E. Modifiers of position effect are shared between telomeric and silent mating-type loci in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 66:1991;1279-1287.
43. De Bruin D., Zaman Z., Liberatore R.A., Ptashne M. Telomere looping permits gene activation by a downstream UAS in yeast. Nature. 409:2001;109-113.
44. Metzenberg S., Agabian N. Mitochondrial minicircle DNA supports plasmid replication and maintenance in nuclei of Trypanosoma brucei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:1994;5962-5966.
45. Lee M.G., Axelrod N. Construction of trypanosome artificial mini-chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1995;4893-4899.
46. Patnaik P.K., Axelrod N., van der Ploeg L.H.T., Cross G.A.M. Artificial linear mini-chromosomes for Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1996;668-675.