High-dose folate may improve platelet function in acute coronary syndrome and other pathologies associated with increased platelet oxidative stress

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 12-19

  McCarty, Mark F ^a  

^a Natural Alternatives International   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ARGININE; ASCORBIC ACID; COLLAGEN RECEPTOR; FISH OIL; FOLIC ACID; GAMMA TOCOPHEROL; GLUTATHIONE; MAGNESIUM; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PEROXYNITRITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; SUPEROXIDE; TAURINE; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOG; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG METABOLISM; ENDOTHELIUM; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME REPRESSION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GARLIC; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LOW DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RISK REDUCTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE FUNCTION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOGENESIS;

ANGINA, UNSTABLE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FOLIC ACID; HUMANS; MODELS, CARDIOVASCULAR; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PLATELET ACTIVATION;

ALLIUM SATIVUM;

EID: 34247617718     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.08.035     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Radomski M.W., Palmer R.M., and Moncada S. An l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway present in human platelets regulates aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 (1990) 5193-5197
2. Sase K., and Michel T. Expression of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human blood platelets. Life Sci 57 (1995) 2049-2055
3. Mehta J.L., Chen L.Y., Kone B.C., Mehta P., and Turner P. Identification of constitutive and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase in human platelets. J Lab Clin Med 125 (1995) 370-377
4. Freedman J.E., Sauter R., Battinelli E.M., Ault K., Knowles C., Huang P.L., et al. Deficient platelet-derived nitric oxide and enhanced hemostasis in mice lacking the NOS III gene. Circ Res 84 (1999) 1416-1421
5. Radomski M.W., Palmer R.M., and Moncada S. Characterization of the l-arginine:nitric oxide pathway in human platelets. Br J Pharmacol 101 (1990) 325-328
6. Freedman J.E., Loscalzo J., Barnard M.R., Alpert C., Keaney J.F., and Michelson A.D. Nitric oxide released from activated platelets inhibits platelet recruitment. J Clin Invest 100 (1997) 350-356
7. Trovati M., Massucco P., Mattiello L., Mularoni E., Cavalot F., and Anfossi G. Insulin increases guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in human platelets. A mechanism involved in the insulin anti-aggregating effect. Diabetes 43 (1994) 1015-1019
8. Trovati M., Anfossi G., Massucco P., Mattiello L., Costamagna C., Piretto V., et al. Insulin stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in human platelets and, through nitric oxide, increases platelet concentrations of both guanosine-3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate and adenosine-3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate. Diabetes 46 (1997) 742-749
9. Trovati M., and Anfossi G. Insulin, insulin resistance and platelet function: similarities with insulin effects on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Diabetologia 41 (1998) 609-622
10. Fleming I., Schulz C., Fichtlscherer B., Kemp B.E., Fisslthaler B., and Busse R. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates the insulin-induced activation of the nitric oxide synthase in human platelets. Thromb Haemost 90 (2003) 863-871
11. Touyz R.M., and Schiffrin E.L. Blunted inhibition by insulin of agonist-stimulated calcium, pH and aggregatory responses in platelets from hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 12 (1994) 1255-1263
12. Trovati M., Mularoni E.M., Burzacca S., Ponziani M.C., Massucco P., Mattiello L., et al. Impaired insulin-induced platelet antiaggregating effect in obesity and in obese NIDDM patients. Diabetes 44 (1995) 1318-1322
13. Bohme E., Jung R., and Mechler I. Guanylate cyclase in human platelets. Methods Enzymol 38 (1974) 199-202
14. Chhajlani V., Axelsson K.L., Ahlner J., and Wikberg J.E. Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme from human platelets. Biochem Int 19 (1989) 1039-1044
15. Hidaka H., and Asano T. Human blood platelet 3′: 5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase Isolation of low-Km and high-Km phosphodiesterase. Biochim Biophys Acta 429 (1976) 485-497
16. Ghazaleh F.A., Omburo G.A., and Colman R.W. Evidence for the presence of essential histidine and cysteine residues in platelet cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase. Biochem J 317 Pt 2 (1996) 495-501
17. Maurice D.H., and Haslam R.J. Molecular basis of the synergistic inhibition of platelet function by nitrovasodilators and activators of adenylate cyclase: inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown by cyclic GMP. Mol Pharmacol 37 (1990) 671-681
18. Maurice D.H., and Haslam R.J. Nitroprusside enhances isoprenaline-induced increases in cAMP in rat aortic smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 191 (1990) 471-475
19. Azula F.J., Alzola E.S., Conde M., Trueba M., Macarulla J.M., and Marino A. Thrombin-stimulated phospholipase C activity is inhibited without visible delay by a rapid increase in the cyclic GMP levels induced by sodium nitroprusside. Mol Pharmacol 50 (1996) 367-379
20. Schwarz U.R., Walter U., and Eigenthaler M. Taming platelets with cyclic nucleotides. Biochem Pharmacol 62 (2001) 1153-1161
21. Marcus A.J., Silk S.T., Safier L.B., and Ullman H.L. Superoxide production and reducing activity in human platelets. J Clin Invest 59 (1977) 149-158
22. Cai H., and Harrison D.G. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 87 (2000) 840-844 JID - 0047103
23. Milstien S., and Katusic Z. Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin by peroxynitrite: implications for vascular endothelial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263 (1999) 681-684
24. Kohnen S.L., Mouithys-Mickalad A.A., Deby-Dupont G.P., Deby C.M., Lamy M.L., and Noels A.F. Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin by peroxynitrite or oxoferryl species occurs by a radical pathway. Free Radic Res 35 (2001) 709-721
25. Wever R.M., van Dam T., van Rijn H.J., de Groot F., and Rabelink T.J. Tetrahydrobiopterin regulates superoxide and nitric oxide generation by recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 237 (1997) 340-344
26. Vasquez-Vivar J., Kalyanaraman B., Martasek P., Hogg N., Masters B.S., Karoui H., et al. Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 (1998) 9220-9225
27. Katusic Z.S. Vascular endothelial dysfunction: does tetrahydrobiopterin play a role?. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281 (2001) H981-H986
28. Vasquez-Vivar J., Kalyanaraman B., and Martasek P. The role of tetrahydrobiopterin in superoxide generation from eNOS: enzymology and physiological implications. Free Radic Res 37 (2003) 121-127
29. Leoncini G., Maresca M., and Colao C. Oxidative metabolism of human platelets. Biochem Int 25 (1991) 647-655
30. Seno T., Inoue N., Gao D., Okuda M., Sumi Y., Matsui K., et al. Involvement of NADH/NADPH oxidase in human platelet ROS production. Thromb Res 103 (2001) 399-409
31. Krotz F., Sohn H.Y., Gloe T., Zahler S., Riexinger T., Schiele T.M., et al. NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent platelet superoxide anion release increases platelet recruitment. Blood 100 (2002) 917-924
32. Jahn B., and Hansch G.M. Oxygen radical generation in human platelets: dependence on 12-lipoxygenase activity and on the glutathione cycle. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 93 (1990) 73-79
33. Yamagishi S.I., Edelstein D., Du X.L., and Brownlee M. Hyperglycemia potentiates collagen-induced platelet activation through mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Diabetes 50 (2001) 1491-1494
34. Wachowicz B., Olas B., Zbikowska H.M., and Buczynski A. Generation of reactive oxygen species in blood platelets. Platelets 13 (2002) 175-182
35. Salvemini D., Radziszewski W., Mollace V., Moore A., Willoughby D., and Vane J. Diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of free radical formation, inhibits platelet aggregation. Eur J Pharmacol 199 (1991) 15-18
36. Clutton P., Miermont A., and Freedman J.E. Regulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species in platelets can reverse aggregation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24 (2004) 187-192
37. Kanaya S., Ikeda H., Haramaki N., Murohara T., and Imaizumi T. Intraplatelet tetrahydrobiopterin plays an important role in regulating canine coronary arterial thrombosis by modulating intraplatelet nitric oxide and superoxide generation. Circulation 104 (2001) 2478-2484
38. Ikeda H., Koga Y., Kuwano K., Nakayama H., Ueno T., Yoshida N., et al. Cyclic flow variations in a conscious dog model of coronary artery stenosis and endothelial injury correlate with acute ischemic heart disease syndromes in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 21 (1993) 1008-1017
39. Freedman J.E., Ting B., Hankin B., Loscalzo J., Keaney Jr. J.F., and Vita J.A. Impaired platelet production of nitric oxide predicts presence of acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 98 (1998) 1481-1486
40. Doshi S.N., McDowell I.F., Moat S.J., Payne N., Durrant H.J., Lewis M.J., et al. Folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease via mechanisms largely independent of homocysteine lowering. Circulation 105 (2002) 22-26 JID - 0147763
41. Huang A., Vita J.A., Venema R.C., and Keaney J.F.J. Ascorbic acid enhances endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 275 (2000) 17399-17406 JID - 2985121R
42. Heller R., Unbehaun A., Schellenberg B., Mayer B., Werner-felmayer G., and Werner E.R. l-ascorbic acid potentiates endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a chemical stabilization of tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 40-47 JID - 2985121R
43. Verhaar M.C., Stroes E., and Rabelink T.J. Folates and cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22 (2002) 6-13
44. Das U.N. Folic acid says NO to vascular diseases. Nutrition 19 (2003) 686-692
45. Kaufman S. Some metabolic relationships between biopterin and folate: implications for the "methyl trap hypothesis". Neurochem Res 16 (1991) 1031-1036
46. Stroes E.S., van Faassen E.E., Yo M., Martasek P., Boer P., Govers R., et al. Folic acid reverts dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circ Res 86 (2000) 1129-1134
47. Hyndman M.E., Verma S., Rosenfeld R.J., Anderson T.J., and Parsons H.G. Interaction of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrobiopterin on endothelial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282 (2002) H2167-H2172
48. Verhaar M.C., Wever R.M., Kastelein J.J., van Dam T., Koomans H.A., and Rabelink T.J. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 97 (1998) 237-241
49. Van Etten R.W., De Koning E.J., Verhaar M.C., Gaillard C.A., and Rabelink T.J. Impaired NO-dependent vasodilation in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is restored by acute administration of folate. Diabetologia 45 (2002) 1004-1010 JID - 0006777
50. Wilmink H.W., Stroes E.S., Erkelens W.D., Gerritsen W.B., Wever R., Banga J.D., et al. Influence of folic acid on postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20 (2000) 185-188 JID - 9505803
51. Doshi S.N., McDowell I.F., Moat S.J., Lang D., Newcombe R.G., Kredan M.B., et al. Folate improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease: an effect mediated by reduction of intracellular superoxide?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21 (2001) 1196-1202
52. Verhaar M.C., Wever R.M., Kastelein J.J., van Loon D., Milstien S., Koomans H.A., et al. Effects of oral folic acid supplementation on endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 100 (1999) 335-338 JID - 0147763
53. Gori T., Burstein J.M., Ahmed S., Miner S.E., Al-Hesayen A., Kelly S., et al. Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study. Circulation 104 (2001) 1119-1123 JID - 0147763
54. Mangoni A.A., Sherwood R.A., Swift C.G., and Jackson S.H. Folic acid enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Med 252 (2002) 497-503
55. Pena A.S., Wiltshire E., Gent R., Hirte C., and Couper J. Folic acid improves endothelial function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr 144 (2004) 500-504
56. Rabini R.A., Staffolani R., Fumelli P., Mutus B., Curatola G., and Mazzanti L. Decreased nitric oxide synthase activity in platelets from IDDM and NIDDM patients. Diabetologia 41 (1998) 101-104
57. 2+ signalling in diabetic patients is due to increased formation of superoxide anions and reduced nitric oxide production. Diabetologia 42 (1999) 167-176
58. Cadwgan T.M., and Benjamin N. Evidence for altered platelet nitric oxide synthesis in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 11 (1993) 417-420
59. Camilletti A., Moretti N., Giacchetti G., Faloia E., Martarelli D., Mantero F., et al. Decreased nitric oxide levels and increased calcium content in platelets of hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 14 (2001) 382-386
60. Takajo Y., Ikeda H., Haramaki N., Murohara T., and Imaizumi T. Augmented oxidative stress of platelets in chronic smokers. Mechanisms of impaired platelet-derived nitric oxide bioactivity and augmented platelet aggregability. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001) 1320-1327
61. Germano G., Sanguigni V., Pignatelli P., Caccese D., Lenti L., Ragazzo M., et al. Enhanced platelet release of superoxide anion in systemic hypertension: role of AT1 receptors. J Hypertens 22 (2004) 1151-1156
62. Sanguigni V., Pignatelli P., Caccese D., Pulcinelli F.M., Lenti L., Magnaterra R., et al. Increased superoxide anion production by platelets in hypercholesterolemic patients. Thromb Haemost 87 (2002) 796-801
63. Sies H., Sharov V.S., Klotz L.O., and Briviba K. Glutathione peroxidase protects against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations. A new function for selenoproteins as peroxynitrite reductase. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 27812-27817
64. Balazy M., Kaminski P.M., Mao K., Tan J., and Wolin M.S. S-Nitroglutathione, a product of the reaction between peroxynitrite and glutathione that generates nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 273 (1998) 32009-32015
65. Souza J.M., and Radi R. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inactivation by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 360 (1998) 187-194
66. Briviba K., Kissner R., Koppenol W.H., and Sies H. Kinetic study of the reaction of glutathione peroxidase with peroxynitrite. Chem Res Toxicol 11 (1998) 1398-1401
67. Koppal T., Drake J., and Butterfield D.A. In vivo modulation of rodent glutathione and its role in peroxynitrite-induced neocortical synaptosomal membrane protein damage. Biochim Biophys Acta 1453 (1999) 407-411
68. Cheung P.Y., Wang W., and Schulz R. Glutathione protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by detoxifying peroxynitrite. J Mol Cell Cardiol 32 (2000) 1669-1678
69. Mazzanti L., and Mutus B. Diabetes-induced alterations in platelet metabolism. Clin Biochem 30 (1997) 509-515
70. Martina V., Bruno G.A., Zumpano E., Origlia C., Quaranta L., and Pescarmona G.P. Administration of glutathione in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the platelet constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity and reduces PAI-1. J Endocrinol Invest 24 (2001) 37-41
71. Thomas G., Skrinska V., Lucas F.V., and Schumacher O.P. Platelet glutathione and thromboxane synthesis in diabetes. Diabetes 34 (1985) 951-954
72. Muruganandam A., Drouillard C., Thibert R.J., Cheung R.M., Draisey T.F., and Mutus B. Glutathione metabolic enzyme activities in diabetic platelets as a function of glycemic control. Thromb Res 67 (1992) 385-397
73. Anfossi G., Russo I., Massucco P., Mattiello L., and Trovati M. Platelet resistance to the antiaggregating effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in obese, insulin-resistant subjects. Thromb Res 110 (2003) 39-46
74. Gokce N., Keaney J.F.J., Frei B., Holbrook M., Olesiak M., Zachariah B.J., et al. Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 99 (1999) 3234-3240 JID - 0147763
75. Ellis G.R., Anderson R.A., Lang D., Blackman D.J., Morris R.H., Morris-Thurgood J., et al. Morris-Thurgood Jet al. Neutrophil superoxide anion-generating capacity, endothelial function and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure: effects of short- and long-term vitamin C therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (2000) 1474-1482 JID - 8301365
76. Levine G.N., Frei B., Koulouris S.N., Gerhard M.D., Keaney J.F.J., and Vita J.A. Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 93 (1996) 1107-1113 JID - 0147763
77. Chambers J.C., McGregor A., Jean-Marie J., Obeid O.A., and Kooner J.S. Demonstration of rapid onset vascular endothelial dysfunction after hyperhomocysteinemia: an effect reversible with vitamin C therapy. Circulation 99 (1999) 1156-1160 JID - 0147763
78. Mays B.W., Freischlag J.A., Eginton M.T., Cambria R.A., Seabrook G.R., and Towne J.B. Ascorbic acid prevents cigarette smoke injury to endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation. J Surg Res 84 (1999) 35-39 JID - 0376340
79. Lekakis J.P., Anastasiou E.A., Papamichael C.M., Stamatelopoulos K.S., Dagre A.G., Alevizaki M.C., et al. Short-term oral ascorbic acid improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 23 (2000) 1432-1434 JID - 7805975
80. Williams M.J., Sutherland W.H., McCormick M.P., de Jong S.A., McDonald J.R., and Walker R.J. Vitamin C improves endothelial dysfunction in renal allograft recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16 (2001) 1251-1255 JID - 8706402
81. Ling L., Zhao S.P., Gao M., Zhou Q.C., Li Y.L., and Xia B. Vitamin C preserves endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease after a high-fat meal. Clin Cardiol 25 (2002) 219-224 JID - 7903272
82. Pullin C.H., Bonham J.R., McDowell I.F., Lee P.J., Powers H.J., Wilson J.F., et al. Vitamin C therapy ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in treated patients with homocystinuria. J Inherit Metab Dis 25 (2002) 107-118 JID - 7910918
83. Ek A., Strom K., and Cotgreave I.A. The uptake of ascorbic acid into human umbilical vein endothelial cells and its effect on oxidant insult. Biochem Pharmacol 50 (1995) 1339-1346 JID - 0101032
84. Sarji K.E., Kleinfelder J., Brewington P., Gonzalez J., Hempling H., and Colwell J.A. Decreased platelet vitamin C in diabetes mellitus: possible role in hyperaggregation. Thromb Res 15 (1979) 639-650
85. Cordova C., Musca A., Violi F., Perrone A., and Alessandri C. Influence of ascorbic acid on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Atherosclerosis 41 (1982) 15-19
86. Calzada C., Bruckdorfer K.R., and Rice-Evans C.A. The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 128 (1997) 97-105
87. Yang M., Collis C.S., Kelly M., Diplock A.T., and Rice-Evans C. Do iron and vitamin C co-supplementation influence platelet function or LDL oxidizability in healthy volunteers?. Eur J Clin Nutr 53 (1999) 367-374
88. Wilkinson I.B., Megson I.L., MacCallum H., Sogo N., Cockcroft J.R., and Webb D.J. Oral vitamin C reduces arterial stiffness and platelet aggregation in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 34 (1999) 690-693
89. Caccese D., Pratico D., Ghiselli A., Natoli S., Pignatelli P., Sanguigni V., et al. Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical release by collagen-induced platelet aggregation-role of arachidonic acid metabolism. Thromb Haemost 83 (2000) 485-490
90. Schindler T.H., Lewandowski E., Olschewski M., Hasler K., Solzbach U., and Just H. [Effect of vitamin C on platelet aggregation in smokers and nonsmokers]. Med Klin 97 (2002) 263-269 [Munich]
91. Sharma P., Raghavan S.A., and Dikshit M. Role of ascorbate in the regulation of nitric oxide generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309 (2003) 12-17
92. Raghavan S.A., Sharma P., and Dikshit M. Role of ascorbic acid in the modulation of inhibition of platelet aggregation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thromb Res 110 (2003) 117-126
93. Wolf A., Zalpour C., Theilmeier G., Wang B.Y., Ma A., Anderson B., et al. Dietary L-arginine supplementation normalizes platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 29 (1997) 479-485
94. Boger R.H. The emerging role of asymmetric dimethylarginine as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc Res 59 (2003) 824-833
95. Adams M.R., Forsyth C.J., Jessup W., Robinson J., and Celermajer D.S. Oral l-arginine inhibits platelet aggregation but does not enhance endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young men. J Am Coll Cardiol 26 (1995) 1054-1061
96. Bode-Boger S.M., Boger R.H., Creutzig A., Tsikas D., Gutzki F.M., Alexander K., et al. L-arginine infusion decreases peripheral arterial resistance and inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Clin Sci 87 (1994) 303-310 [London]
97. Anfossi G., Russo I., Massucco P., Mattiello L., Perna P., Tassone F., et al. L-arginine modulates aggregation and intracellular cyclic 3,5-guanosine monophosphate levels in human platelets: direct effect and interplay with antioxidative thiol agent. Thromb Res 94 (1999) 307-316
98. Hayes K.C., Pronczuk A., Addesa A.E., and Stephan Z.F. Taurine modulates platelet aggregation in cats and humans. Am J Clin Nutr 49 (1989) 1211-1216 JID - 0376027
99. Franconi F., Miceli M., Bennardini F., Mattana A., Covarrubias J., and Seghieri G. Taurine potentiates the antiaggregatory action of aspirin and indomethacin. Adv Exp Med Biol 315 (1992) 181-186 JID - 0121103
100. Franconi F., Bennardini F., Mattana A., Miceli M., Ciuti M., Mian M., et al. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 61 (1995) 1115-1119 JID - 0376027
101. Elizarova E.P. Effects of taurine on calcium in platelets and their aggregation. Adv Exp Med Biol 403 (1996) 589-595 JID - 0121103
102. Shechter M., Merz C.N., Paul-Labrador M., Meisel S.R., Rude R.K., Molloy M.D., et al. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibits platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 84 (1999) 152-156
103. Shechter M., Merz C.N., Rude R.K., Paul Labrador M.J., Meisel S.R., Shah P.K., et al. Low intracellular magnesium levels promote platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 140 (2000) 212-218
104. Liu M., Wallmon A., Olsson-Mortlock C., Wallin R., and Saldeen T. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 700-706
105. Schoene N.W. Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids: effectors of platelet responsiveness. Nutrition 17 (2001) 793-796
106. Legnani C., Frascaro M., Guazzaloca G., Ludovici S., Cesarano G., and Coccheri S. Effects of a dried garlic preparation on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Arzneimittelforschung 43 (1993) 119-122
107. Ali M., and Thomson M. Consumption of a garlic clove a day could be beneficial in preventing thrombosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 53 (1995) 211-212
108. Das I., Khan N.S., and Sooranna S.R. Potent activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic: a basis for its therapeutic applications. Curr Med Res Opin 13 (1995) 257-263
109. (2+) mobilization without affecting inositol-1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) formation in activated platelets. Biochem Pharmacol 60 (2000) 1475-1483
110. Thorngren M., and Gustafson A. Effects of 11-week increases in dietary eicosapentaenoic acid on bleeding time, lipids, and platelet aggregation. Lancet 2 (1981) 1190-1193
111. Harris W.S., Silveira S., and Dujovne C.A. The combined effects of N-3 fatty acids and aspirin on hemostatic parameters in man. Thromb Res 57 (1990) 517-526
112. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 324 (2002) 71-86