메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 25-35

Induction of potent and long-lasting CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus by immunization with viral antigens plus poly(I:C) and anti-CD40

Author keywords

Adjuvant; Dendritic cell; Hepatitis C; T cell; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD40 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; EPITOPE; GLYCOPROTEIN E1; HEPATITIS C VACCINE; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 3; POLYINOSINIC POLYCYTIDYLIC ACID; VIRUS ANTIGEN;

EID: 33847681398     PISSN: 01663542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.01.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (54)
  • 2
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L., Holt A.C., Medzhitov R., and Flavell R.A. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413 (2001) 732-738
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 3
    • 0035121503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection
    • Bain C., Fatmi A., Zoulim F., Zarski J.P., Trépo C., and Inchauspe G. Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology 120 (2001) 512-524
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120 , pp. 512-524
    • Bain, C.1    Fatmi, A.2    Zoulim, F.3    Zarski, J.P.4    Trépo, C.5    Inchauspe, G.6
  • 4
    • 0032546352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells and the control of immunity
    • Banchereau J., and Steinman R.M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392 (1998) 245-252
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 245-252
    • Banchereau, J.1    Steinman, R.M.2
  • 5
    • 0037144612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for CD40 expression on CD8+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory
    • Bourgeois C., Rocha B., and Tanchot C. A role for CD40 expression on CD8+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory. Science 297 (2002) 2060-2063
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 2060-2063
    • Bourgeois, C.1    Rocha, B.2    Tanchot, C.3
  • 6
    • 0031015971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytotoxic T-cell response against hepatitis C virus structural antigens using a defective recombinant adenovirus
    • Bruna-Romero O., Lasarte J.J., Wilkinson G., Grace K., Clarke B., Borras-Cuesta F., and Prieto J. Induction of cytotoxic T-cell response against hepatitis C virus structural antigens using a defective recombinant adenovirus. Hepatology 25 (1997) 470-477
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , pp. 470-477
    • Bruna-Romero, O.1    Lasarte, J.J.2    Wilkinson, G.3    Grace, K.4    Clarke, B.5    Borras-Cuesta, F.6    Prieto, J.7
  • 7
    • 0034975140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization with a tumor-associated CTL epitope plus a tumor-related or unrelated Th1 helper peptide elicits protective CTL immunity
    • Casares N., Lasarte J.J., de Cerio A.L., Sarobe P., Ruiz M., Melero I., Prieto J., and Borras-Cuesta F. Immunization with a tumor-associated CTL epitope plus a tumor-related or unrelated Th1 helper peptide elicits protective CTL immunity. Eur. J. Immunol. 31 (2001) 1780-1789
    • (2001) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 1780-1789
    • Casares, N.1    Lasarte, J.J.2    de Cerio, A.L.3    Sarobe, P.4    Ruiz, M.5    Melero, I.6    Prieto, J.7    Borras-Cuesta, F.8
  • 11
    • 0020560639 scopus 로고
    • Non-A, non-B hepatitis. I. Recognition, epidemiology, and clinical features
    • Dienstag J.L. Non-A, non-B hepatitis. I. Recognition, epidemiology, and clinical features. Gastroenterology 85 (1983) 439-462
    • (1983) Gastroenterology , vol.85 , pp. 439-462
    • Dienstag, J.L.1
  • 13
    • 0038066406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose and gene gun immunization with a hepatitis C virus non-structural (NS) 3 DNA-based vaccine containing NS4A inhibit NS3/4A-expressing tumors in vivo
    • Frelin L., Alheim M., Chen A., Soderholm J., Rozell B., Barnfield C., Liljestrom P., and Sallberg M. Low dose and gene gun immunization with a hepatitis C virus non-structural (NS) 3 DNA-based vaccine containing NS4A inhibit NS3/4A-expressing tumors in vivo. Gene Ther. 10 (2003) 686-699
    • (2003) Gene Ther. , vol.10 , pp. 686-699
    • Frelin, L.1    Alheim, M.2    Chen, A.3    Soderholm, J.4    Rozell, B.5    Barnfield, C.6    Liljestrom, P.7    Sallberg, M.8
  • 14
    • 1842581995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon optimization and mRNA amplification effectively enhances the immunogenicity of the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3/4A gene
    • Frelin L., Ahlen G., Alheim M., Weiland O., Barnfield C., Liljestrom P., and Sallberg M. Codon optimization and mRNA amplification effectively enhances the immunogenicity of the hepatitis C virus non-structural 3/4A gene. Gene Ther. 11 (2004) 522-533
    • (2004) Gene Ther. , vol.11 , pp. 522-533
    • Frelin, L.1    Ahlen, G.2    Alheim, M.3    Weiland, O.4    Barnfield, C.5    Liljestrom, P.6    Sallberg, M.7
  • 15
    • 2442592788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor ligands directly promote activated CD4+ T cell survival
    • Gelman A.E., Zhang J., Choi Y., and Turka L.A. Toll-like receptor ligands directly promote activated CD4+ T cell survival. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 6065-6073
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 6065-6073
    • Gelman, A.E.1    Zhang, J.2    Choi, Y.3    Turka, L.A.4
  • 19
    • 0028906422 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes of hepatitis C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of chronic infection
    • Hoffmann R.M., Diepolder H.M., Zachoval R., Zwiebel F.M., Jung M.C., Scholz S., Nitschko H., Riethmuller G., and Pape G.R. Mapping of immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes of hepatitis C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of chronic infection. Hepatology 21 (1995) 632-638
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.21 , pp. 632-638
    • Hoffmann, R.M.1    Diepolder, H.M.2    Zachoval, R.3    Zwiebel, F.M.4    Jung, M.C.5    Scholz, S.6    Nitschko, H.7    Riethmuller, G.8    Pape, G.R.9
  • 21
    • 16644377329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic function of Toll-like receptors
    • Kaisho T., and Akira S. Pleiotropic function of Toll-like receptors. Microb. Infect. 6 (2004) 1388-1394
    • (2004) Microb. Infect. , vol.6 , pp. 1388-1394
    • Kaisho, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 22
    • 0033136306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired allostimulatory capacity of peripheral blood dendritic cells recovered from hepatitis C virus-infected individuals
    • Kanto T., Hayashi N., Takehara T., Tatsumi T., Kuzushita N., Ito A., Sasaki Y., Kasahara A., and Hori M. Impaired allostimulatory capacity of peripheral blood dendritic cells recovered from hepatitis C virus-infected individuals. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 5584-5591
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 5584-5591
    • Kanto, T.1    Hayashi, N.2    Takehara, T.3    Tatsumi, T.4    Kuzushita, N.5    Ito, A.6    Sasaki, Y.7    Kasahara, A.8    Hori, M.9
  • 24
    • 0033690901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between complement receptor gC1qR and hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation
    • Kittlesen D.J., Chianese-Bullock K.A., Yao Z.Q., Braciale T.J., and Hahn Y.S. Interaction between complement receptor gC1qR and hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation. J. Clin. Invest. 106 (2000) 1239-1249
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , pp. 1239-1249
    • Kittlesen, D.J.1    Chianese-Bullock, K.A.2    Yao, Z.Q.3    Braciale, T.J.4    Hahn, Y.S.5
  • 25
    • 24344478196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection
    • Kolumam G.A., Thomas S., Thompson L.J., Sprent J., and Murali-Krishna K. Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection. J. Exp. Med. 202 (2005) 637-650
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.202 , pp. 637-650
    • Kolumam, G.A.1    Thomas, S.2    Thompson, L.J.3    Sprent, J.4    Murali-Krishna, K.5
  • 26
    • 1842529272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40 ligation in vivo induces bystander proliferation of memory phenotype CD8 T cells
    • Koschella M., Voehringer D., and Pircher H. CD40 ligation in vivo induces bystander proliferation of memory phenotype CD8 T cells. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 4804-4811
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 4804-4811
    • Koschella, M.1    Voehringer, D.2    Pircher, H.3
  • 27
    • 1542514719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concomitant helper response rescues otherwise low avidity CD8+ memory CTLs to become efficient effectors in vivo
    • Kumaraguru U., Suvas S., Biswas P.S., Azkur A.K., and Rouse B.T. Concomitant helper response rescues otherwise low avidity CD8+ memory CTLs to become efficient effectors in vivo. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 3719-3724
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 3719-3724
    • Kumaraguru, U.1    Suvas, S.2    Biswas, P.S.3    Azkur, A.K.4    Rouse, B.T.5
  • 28
    • 0033747399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human dendritic cells require multiple activation signals for the efficient generation of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes
    • Lapointe R., Toso J.F., Butts C., Young H.A., and Hwu P. Human dendritic cells require multiple activation signals for the efficient generation of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (2000) 3291-3298
    • (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 3291-3298
    • Lapointe, R.1    Toso, J.F.2    Butts, C.3    Young, H.A.4    Hwu, P.5
  • 30
    • 0343938858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble antigen and CD40 triggering are sufficient to induce primary and memory cytotoxic T cells
    • Lefrancois L., Altman J.D., Williams K., and Olson S. Soluble antigen and CD40 triggering are sufficient to induce primary and memory cytotoxic T cells. J. Immunol. 164 (2000) 725-732
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.164 , pp. 725-732
    • Lefrancois, L.1    Altman, J.D.2    Williams, K.3    Olson, S.4
  • 31
    • 0032533269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the immune response to vaccine strategies involving granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
    • Liu H.M., Newbrough S.E., Bhatia S.K., Dahle C.E., Krieg A.M., and Weiner G.J. Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the immune response to vaccine strategies involving granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood 92 (1998) 3730-3736
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , pp. 3730-3736
    • Liu, H.M.1    Newbrough, S.E.2    Bhatia, S.K.3    Dahle, C.E.4    Krieg, A.M.5    Weiner, G.J.6
  • 32
    • 0032211699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-15 receptor maintains lymphoid homeostasis by supporting lymphocyte homing and proliferation
    • Lodolce J.P., Boone D.L., Chai S., Swain R.E., Dassopoulos T., Trettin S., and Ma A. IL-15 receptor maintains lymphoid homeostasis by supporting lymphocyte homing and proliferation. Immunity 9 (1998) 669-676
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 669-676
    • Lodolce, J.P.1    Boone, D.L.2    Chai, S.3    Swain, R.E.4    Dassopoulos, T.5    Trettin, S.6    Ma, A.7
  • 34
    • 4644265609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic immunization and comprehensive screening approaches in HLA-A2 transgenic mice lead to the identification of three novel epitopes in hepatitis C virus NS3 antigen
    • Martin P., Parroche P., Chatel L., Barretto C., Beck A., Trepo C., Bain C., Lone Y.C., Inchauspe G., and Fournillier A. Genetic immunization and comprehensive screening approaches in HLA-A2 transgenic mice lead to the identification of three novel epitopes in hepatitis C virus NS3 antigen. J. Med. Virol. 74 (2004) 397-405
    • (2004) J. Med. Virol. , vol.74 , pp. 397-405
    • Martin, P.1    Parroche, P.2    Chatel, L.3    Barretto, C.4    Beck, A.5    Trepo, C.6    Bain, C.7    Lone, Y.C.8    Inchauspe, G.9    Fournillier, A.10
  • 36
    • 0030971268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-A2.1-restricted education and cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T lymphocytes from beta2 microglobulin (beta2m) HLA-A2. 1 monochain transgenic H-2Db beta2m double knockout mice
    • Pascolo S., Bervas N., Ure J.M., Smith A.G., Lemonnier F.A., and Perarnau B. HLA-A2.1-restricted education and cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T lymphocytes from beta2 microglobulin (beta2m) HLA-A2. 1 monochain transgenic H-2Db beta2m double knockout mice. J. Exp. Med. 185 (1997) 2043-2051
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.185 , pp. 2043-2051
    • Pascolo, S.1    Bervas, N.2    Ure, J.M.3    Smith, A.G.4    Lemonnier, F.A.5    Perarnau, B.6
  • 37
    • 29744468807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bottlenecking on evolution of the non-structural protein 3 gene of hepatitis C virus during sexually transmitted acute resolving infection
    • Quer J., Esteban J.I., Cos J., Sauleda S., Ocana L., Martell M., Otero T., Cubero M., Palou E., Murillo P., Esteban R., and Guardia J. Effect of bottlenecking on evolution of the non-structural protein 3 gene of hepatitis C virus during sexually transmitted acute resolving infection. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 15131-15141
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 15131-15141
    • Quer, J.1    Esteban, J.I.2    Cos, J.3    Sauleda, S.4    Ocana, L.5    Martell, M.6    Otero, T.7    Cubero, M.8    Palou, E.9    Murillo, P.10    Esteban, R.11    Guardia, J.12
  • 38
    • 0029778817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • Rehermann B., Chang K.M., McHutchison J.G., Kokka R., Houghton M., and Chisari F.V. Quantitative analysis of the peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Clin. Invest. 98 (1996) 1432-1440
    • (1996) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.98 , pp. 1432-1440
    • Rehermann, B.1    Chang, K.M.2    McHutchison, J.G.3    Kokka, R.4    Houghton, M.5    Chisari, F.V.6
  • 39
    • 0030273141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SCID but not the RAG-2 gene product is required for S mu-S epsilon heavy chain class switching
    • Rolink A., Melchers F., and Andersson J. The SCID but not the RAG-2 gene product is required for S mu-S epsilon heavy chain class switching. Immunity 5 (1996) 319-330
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.5 , pp. 319-330
    • Rolink, A.1    Melchers, F.2    Andersson, J.3
  • 40
    • 0030198601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of interleukin-2 in response to synthetic peptides from hepatitis C virus E1 protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C: relationship with the response to interferon treatment
    • Sarobe P., Jauregui J.I., Lasarte J.J., Garcia N., Civeira M.P., Borras-Cuesta F., and Prieto J. Production of interleukin-2 in response to synthetic peptides from hepatitis C virus E1 protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C: relationship with the response to interferon treatment. J. Hepatol. 25 (1996) 1-9
    • (1996) J. Hepatol. , vol.25 , pp. 1-9
    • Sarobe, P.1    Jauregui, J.I.2    Lasarte, J.J.3    Garcia, N.4    Civeira, M.P.5    Borras-Cuesta, F.6    Prieto, J.7
  • 42
    • 0141566336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus structural proteins impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit in vivo induction of cellular immune responses
    • Sarobe P., Lasarte J.J., Zabaleta A., Arribillaga L., Arina A., Melero I., Borras-Cuesta F., and Prieto J. Hepatitis C virus structural proteins impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit in vivo induction of cellular immune responses. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 10862-10871
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 10862-10871
    • Sarobe, P.1    Lasarte, J.J.2    Zabaleta, A.3    Arribillaga, L.4    Arina, A.5    Melero, I.6    Borras-Cuesta, F.7    Prieto, J.8
  • 43
    • 0033697454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40 triggering of heterodimeric IL-12 p70 production by dendritic cells in vivo requires a microbial priming signal
    • Schulz O., Edwards A.D., Schito M., Aliberti J., Manickasingham S., Sher A., and Reis e Sousa C. CD40 triggering of heterodimeric IL-12 p70 production by dendritic cells in vivo requires a microbial priming signal. Immunity 13 (2000) 453-462
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 453-462
    • Schulz, O.1    Edwards, A.D.2    Schito, M.3    Aliberti, J.4    Manickasingham, S.5    Sher, A.6    Reis e Sousa, C.7
  • 45
    • 0036518287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes
    • Shortman K., and Liu Y.J. Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2 (2002) 151-161
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 151-161
    • Shortman, K.1    Liu, Y.J.2
  • 46
    • 3042711969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG and double-stranded RNA trigger human NK cells by Toll-like receptors: induction of cytokine release and cytotoxicity against tumors and dendritic cells
    • Sivori S., Falco M., Della Chiesa M., Carlomagno S., Vitale M., Moretta L., and Moretta A. CpG and double-stranded RNA trigger human NK cells by Toll-like receptors: induction of cytokine release and cytotoxicity against tumors and dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (2004) 10116-10121
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.101 , pp. 10116-10121
    • Sivori, S.1    Falco, M.2    Della Chiesa, M.3    Carlomagno, S.4    Vitale, M.5    Moretta, L.6    Moretta, A.7
  • 47
    • 0022590756 scopus 로고
    • Effect of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 treatment in vivo or with anti-asialo GM1 plus complement in vitro on cytotoxic T cell activities
    • Stitz L., Baenziger J., Pircher H., Hengartner H., and Zinkernagel R.M. Effect of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 treatment in vivo or with anti-asialo GM1 plus complement in vitro on cytotoxic T cell activities. J. Immunol. 136 (1986) 4674-4680
    • (1986) J. Immunol. , vol.136 , pp. 4674-4680
    • Stitz, L.1    Baenziger, J.2    Pircher, H.3    Hengartner, H.4    Zinkernagel, R.M.5
  • 49
    • 9944241262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rescue of memory CD8+ T cell reactivity in peptide/TLR9 ligand immunization by codelivery of cytokines or CD40 ligation
    • Toka F.N., Gierynska M., Suvas S., Schoenberger S.P., and Rouse B.T. Rescue of memory CD8+ T cell reactivity in peptide/TLR9 ligand immunization by codelivery of cytokines or CD40 ligation. Virology 331 (2005) 151-158
    • (2005) Virology , vol.331 , pp. 151-158
    • Toka, F.N.1    Gierynska, M.2    Suvas, S.3    Schoenberger, S.P.4    Rouse, B.T.5
  • 50
    • 0030036342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo
    • Tough D.F., Borrow P., and Sprent J. Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo. Science 272 (1996) 1947-1950
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1947-1950
    • Tough, D.F.1    Borrow, P.2    Sprent, J.3
  • 51
    • 0034163408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CpG-DNA activates in vivo T cell epitope presenting dendritic cells to trigger protective antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses
    • Vabulas R.M., Pircher H., Lipford G.B., Hacker H., and Wagner H. CpG-DNA activates in vivo T cell epitope presenting dendritic cells to trigger protective antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses. J. Immunol. 164 (2000) 2372-2378
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.164 , pp. 2372-2378
    • Vabulas, R.M.1    Pircher, H.2    Lipford, G.B.3    Hacker, H.4    Wagner, H.5
  • 52
    • 0030955249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization
    • Weiner G.J., Liu H.M., Wooldridge J.E., Dahle C.E., and Krieg A.M. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif are effective as immune adjuvants in tumor antigen immunization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 10833-10837
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.94 , pp. 10833-10837
    • Weiner, G.J.1    Liu, H.M.2    Wooldridge, J.E.3    Dahle, C.E.4    Krieg, A.M.5
  • 54
    • 0032076635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent and selective stimulation of memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells in vivo by IL-15
    • Zhang X., Sun S., Hwang I., Tough D.F., and Sprent J. Potent and selective stimulation of memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells in vivo by IL-15. Immunity 8 (1998) 591-599
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.8 , pp. 591-599
    • Zhang, X.1    Sun, S.2    Hwang, I.3    Tough, D.F.4    Sprent, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.