메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 621-631

Mechanisms of disease: Regulation of glucocorticoid and receptor levels - Impact on the metabolic syndrome

Author keywords

11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Downregulation; Glucocorticoid receptor; Glucocorticoids; Metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR;

EID: 33750620067     PISSN: 17458366     EISSN: 17458374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0323     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 33644875471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular glucocorticoid signaling: A formerly simple system turns stochastic
    • Chrousos GP and Kino T (2005) Intracellular glucocorticoid signaling: a formerly simple system turns stochastic. Sci STKE 2005 (304): pe48
    • (2005) Sci STKE , vol.2005 , Issue.304
    • Chrousos, G.P.1    Kino, T.2
  • 2
    • 24944527032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of ideal corticosteroid therapy
    • Zitt MJ (2005) Properties of ideal corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc 26: 173-182
    • (2005) Allergy Asthma Proc , vol.26 , pp. 173-182
    • Zitt, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 18744408211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pharmacological approach to enhancing the therapeutic index of corticosteroids in airway inflammatory disease
    • Uings IJ and Farrow SN (2005) A pharmacological approach to enhancing the therapeutic index of corticosteroids in airway inflammatory disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 5: 221-226
    • (2005) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 221-226
    • Uings, I.J.1    Farrow, S.N.2
  • 4
    • 0033966567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent effects of obesity and cortisol in predicting cardiovascular risk factors in men and women
    • Walker BR et al. (2000) Independent effects of obesity and cortisol in predicting cardiovascular risk factors in men and women. J Intern Med 247: 198-204
    • (2000) J Intern Med , vol.247 , pp. 198-204
    • Walker, B.R.1
  • 5
    • 0022393794 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA
    • Hollenberg SM et al. (1985) Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 318: 635-641
    • (1985) Nature , vol.318 , pp. 635-641
    • Hollenberg, S.M.1
  • 6
    • 0029056558 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor β, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans
    • Bamberger CM et al. (1995) Glucocorticoid receptor β, a potential endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action in humans. J Clin Invest 95: 2435-2441
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 2435-2441
    • Bamberger, C.M.1
  • 7
    • 18144399332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human glucocorticoid receptor: One gene, multiple proteins and diverse responses
    • Zhou J and Cidlowski JA (2005) The human glucocorticoid receptor: one gene, multiple proteins and diverse responses. Steroids 70: 407-417
    • (2005) Steroids , vol.70 , pp. 407-417
    • Zhou, J.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 8
    • 20844437424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes
    • Lu NZ and Cidlowski JA (2005) Translational regulatory mechanisms generate N-terminal glucocorticoid receptor isoforms with unique transcriptional target genes. Mol Cell 18: 331-342
    • (2005) Mol Cell , vol.18 , pp. 331-342
    • Lu, N.Z.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 9
    • 0012473279 scopus 로고
    • The nuclear receptor superfamily: The second decade
    • Mangelsdorf DJ et al. (1995) The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83: 835-839
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 835-839
    • Mangelsdorf, D.J.1
  • 10
    • 3142760881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA recognition by nuclear receptors
    • Claessens F and Gewirth DT (2004) DNA recognition by nuclear receptors. Essays Biochem 40: 59-72
    • (2004) Essays Biochem , vol.40 , pp. 59-72
    • Claessens, F.1    Gewirth, D.T.2
  • 11
    • 0025188132 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: Mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction
    • Yang-Yen HF et al. (1990) Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell 62: 1205-1215
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 1205-1215
    • Yang-Yen, H.F.1
  • 12
    • 33744792310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensors and signals: A coactivator/corepressor/epigenetic code for integrating signal-dependent programs of transcriptional response
    • Rosenfeld MG et al. (2006) Sensors and signals: a coactivator/ corepressor/epigenetic code for integrating signal-dependent programs of transcriptional response. Genes Dev 20: 1405-1428
    • (2006) Genes Dev , vol.20 , pp. 1405-1428
    • Rosenfeld, M.G.1
  • 13
    • 0023441954 scopus 로고
    • Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Picard D and Yamamoto KR (1987) Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 6: 3333-3340
    • (1987) EMBO J , vol.6 , pp. 3333-3340
    • Picard, D.1    Yamamoto, K.R.2
  • 14
    • 0029186560 scopus 로고
    • Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of steroid receptors
    • DeFranco DB et al. (1995) Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of steroid receptors. Vitam Horm 51: 315-338
    • (1995) Vitam Horm , vol.51 , pp. 315-338
    • DeFranco, D.B.1
  • 15
    • 0033601331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different regions of the immunophilin FKBP52 determine its association with the glucocorticoid receptor, hsp90, and cytoplasmic dynein
    • Silverstein AM et al. (1999) Different regions of the immunophilin FKBP52 determine its association with the glucocorticoid receptor, hsp90, and cytoplasmic dynein. J Biol Chem 274: 36980-36986
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 36980-36986
    • Silverstein, A.M.1
  • 16
    • 0030887128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor with the 14-3-3 η protein
    • Wakui H et al. (1997) Interaction of the ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor with the 14-3-3 η protein. J Biol Chem 272: 8153-8156
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 8153-8156
    • Wakui, H.1
  • 17
    • 0037643416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and resistance
    • Schaaf MJ and Cidlowski JA (2002) Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and resistance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 83: 37-48
    • (2002) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.83 , pp. 37-48
    • Schaaf, M.J.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 18
    • 2342567291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and altered histone acetylation patterns in glucocorticoid-resistant patients
    • Matthews JG et al. (2004) Defective glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and altered histone acetylation patterns in glucocorticoid- resistant patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113: 1100-1108
    • (2004) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.113 , pp. 1100-1108
    • Matthews, J.G.1
  • 19
    • 0016266063 scopus 로고
    • Receptors from glucocorticoid-sensitive lymphoma cells and two classes of insensitive clones: Physical and DNA-binding properties
    • Yamamoto KR et al. (1974) Receptors from glucocorticoid-sensitive lymphoma cells and two classes of insensitive clones: physical and DNA-binding properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 3901-3905
    • (1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.71 , pp. 3901-3905
    • Yamamoto, K.R.1
  • 20
    • 0036231010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: Role in steroid-insensitive asthma
    • Irusen E et al. (2002) p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: role in steroid-insensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109: 649-657
    • (2002) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.109 , pp. 649-657
    • Irusen, E.1
  • 21
    • 0036794281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear export of glucocorticoid receptor is enhanced by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation
    • Itoh M et al. (2002) Nuclear export of glucocorticoid receptor is enhanced by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Mol Endocrinol 16: 2382-2392
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 2382-2392
    • Itoh, M.1
  • 22
    • 0036318571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of estrogen receptor nuclear export by ligand-induced and p38-mediated receptor phosphorylation
    • Lee H and Bai W (2002) Regulation of estrogen receptor nuclear export by ligand-induced and p38-mediated receptor phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 22: 5835-5845
    • (2002) Mol Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 5835-5845
    • Lee, H.1    Bai, W.2
  • 23
    • 0035984194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+-dependent nuclear export mediated by calreticulin
    • 2+-dependent nuclear export mediated by calreticulin. Mol Cell Biol 22: 6286-6297
    • (2002) Mol Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 6286-6297
    • Holaska, J.M.1
  • 24
    • 0028686588 scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. A mechanism for physiological adaptation to hormones
    • Webster JC and Cidlowski JA (1994) Downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. A mechanism for physiological adaptation to hormones. Ann NY Acad Sci 746: 216-220
    • (1994) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.746 , pp. 216-220
    • Webster, J.C.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 25
    • 0033559204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced cell death requires autoinduction of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human leukemic T cells
    • Ramdas J et al. (1999) Glucocorticoid-induced cell death requires autoinduction of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human leukemic T cells. Cancer Res 59: 1378-1385
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 1378-1385
    • Ramdas, J.1
  • 26
    • 0035900780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids
    • Wallace AD and Cidlowski JA (2001) Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem 276: 42714-42721
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 42714-42721
    • Wallace, A.D.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 27
    • 0032867676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 26S proteasome: A molecular machine designed for controlled proteolysis
    • Voges D et al. (1999) The 26S proteasome: a molecular machine designed for controlled proteolysis. Annu Rev Biochem 68: 1015-1068
    • (1999) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.68 , pp. 1015-1068
    • Voges, D.1
  • 28
    • 0034065822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis: Biological regulation via destruction
    • Ciechanover A et al. (2000) Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis: biological regulation via destruction. Bioessays 22: 442-451
    • (2000) Bioessays , vol.22 , pp. 442-451
    • Ciechanover, A.1
  • 29
    • 0035883863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-dependent interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with p53 enhances their degradation by Hdm2
    • Sengupta S and Wasylyk B (2001) Ligand-dependent interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with p53 enhances their degradation by Hdm2. Genes Dev 15: 2367-2380
    • (2001) Genes Dev , vol.15 , pp. 2367-2380
    • Sengupta, S.1    Wasylyk, B.2
  • 30
    • 0041630956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor-dependent proteasomal degradation of the glucocorticoid receptor is coupled to an increase in mdm2 protein expression
    • Kinyamu HK and Archer TK (2003) Estrogen receptor-dependent proteasomal degradation of the glucocorticoid receptor is coupled to an increase in mdm2 protein expression. Mol Cell Biol 23: 5867-5881
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , pp. 5867-5881
    • Kinyamu, H.K.1    Archer, T.K.2
  • 31
    • 0035146685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The co-chaperone CHIP regulates protein triage decisions mediated by heat-shock proteins
    • Connell P et al. (2001) The co-chaperone CHIP regulates protein triage decisions mediated by heat-shock proteins. Nat Cell Biol 3: 93-96
    • (2001) Nat Cell Biol , vol.3 , pp. 93-96
    • Connell, P.1
  • 32
    • 22344452512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative effects of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation and transactivation are mediated by CHIP, an E3 ligase
    • Wang X and DeFranco DB (2005) Alternative effects of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation and transactivation are mediated by CHIP, an E3 ligase. Mol Endocrinol 19: 1474-1482
    • (2005) Mol Endocrinol , vol.19 , pp. 1474-1482
    • Wang, X.1    Defranco, D.B.2
  • 33
    • 0034655758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor regulation in the rat embryo: A potential site for developmental toxicity?
    • Ghosh B et al. (2000) Glucocorticoid receptor regulation in the rat embryo: a potential site for developmental toxicity? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 164: 221-229
    • (2000) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.164 , pp. 221-229
    • Ghosh, B.1
  • 34
    • 0036718782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampal neurons that do not engage proteasomes escape from hormone-dependent down-regulation but maintain transactivation activity
    • Wang X et al. (2002) Glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampal neurons that do not engage proteasomes escape from hormone-dependent down-regulation but maintain transactivation activity. Mol Endocrinol 16: 1987-1998
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 1987-1998
    • Wang, X.1
  • 35
    • 0034460335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice with an increased glucocorticoid receptor gene dosage show enhanced resistance to stress and endotoxic shock
    • Reichardt HM et al. (2000) Mice with an increased glucocorticoid receptor gene dosage show enhanced resistance to stress and endotoxic shock. Mol Cell Biol 20: 9009-9017
    • (2000) Mol Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 9009-9017
    • Reichardt, H.M.1
  • 36
    • 21544434047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions
    • Ridder S et al. (2005) Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions. J Neurosci 25: 6243-6250
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 6243-6250
    • Ridder, S.1
  • 37
    • 12244264438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired deficit of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor produces depression-like changes in adrenal axis regulation and behavior
    • Boyle MP et al. (2005) Acquired deficit of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor produces depression-like changes in adrenal axis regulation and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 473-478
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 473-478
    • Boyle, M.P.1
  • 38
    • 4143091546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptor overexpression in forebrain: A mouse model of increased emotional lability
    • Wei Q et al. (2004) Glucocorticoid receptor overexpression in forebrain: a mouse model of increased emotional lability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 11851-11856
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 11851-11856
    • Wei, Q.1
  • 39
    • 0015412890 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants
    • Liggins GC and Howie RN (1972) A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Pediatrics 50: 515-525
    • (1972) Pediatrics , vol.50 , pp. 515-525
    • Liggins, G.C.1    Howie, R.N.2
  • 40
    • 1642290227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes at school age after postnatal dexamethasone therapy for lung disease of prematurity
    • Yeh TF et al. (2004) Outcomes at school age after postnatal dexamethasone therapy for lung disease of prematurity. N Engl J Med 350: 1304-1313
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1304-1313
    • Yeh, T.F.1
  • 41
    • 0030342776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in endogenous hypercortisolism: Shared features with metabolic syndrome X and NIDDM
    • Friedman TC et al. (1996) Carbohydrate metabolism in endogenous hypercortisolism: shared features with metabolic syndrome X and NIDDM. Endocr J 43: 645-655
    • (1996) Endocr J , vol.43 , pp. 645-655
    • Friedman, T.C.1
  • 42
    • 0038577223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiposity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis
    • Lyon CJ et al. (2003) Adiposity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Endocrinology 144: 2195-2200
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 2195-2200
    • Lyon, C.J.1
  • 43
    • 9144223683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance
    • Xu H et al. (2003) Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 112: 1821-1830
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 1821-1830
    • Xu, H.1
  • 44
    • 0348222671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation: The link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes
    • Dandona P et al. (2004) Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Trends Immunol 25: 4-7
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 4-7
    • Dandona, P.1
  • 45
    • 2042480671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the release of adipocytokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans
    • Fain JN et al. (2004) Comparison of the release of adipocytokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans. Endocrinology 145: 2273-2282
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 2273-2282
    • Fain, J.N.1
  • 46
    • 20044387026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IKK-β links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance
    • Arkan MC et al. (2005) IKK-β links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat Med 11: 191-198
    • (2005) Nat Med , vol.11 , pp. 191-198
    • Arkan, M.C.1
  • 47
    • 2542495763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor in hepatocytes leads to fasting hypoglycemia and ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
    • Opherk C et al. (2004) Inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor in hepatocytes leads to fasting hypoglycemia and ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Mol Endocrinol 18: 1346-1353
    • (2004) Mol Endocrinol , vol.18 , pp. 1346-1353
    • Opherk, C.1
  • 48
    • 0024566411 scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone regulates the glucose transport system in primary cultured adipocytes: Different mechanisms of insulin resistance after acute and chronic exposure
    • Garvey WT et al. (1989) Dexamethasone regulates the glucose transport system in primary cultured adipocytes: different mechanisms of insulin resistance after acute and chronic exposure. Endocrinology 124: 2063-2073
    • (1989) Endocrinology , vol.124 , pp. 2063-2073
    • Garvey, W.T.1
  • 49
    • 0031033882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone induces posttranslational degradation of GLUT2 and inhibition of insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic β cells. Comparison with the effects of fatty acids
    • Gremlich S et al. (1997) Dexamethasone induces posttranslational degradation of GLUT2 and inhibition of insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic β cells. Comparison with the effects of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 272: 3216-3222
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 3216-3222
    • Gremlich, S.1
  • 50
    • 10744225975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aged transgenic mice with increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in pancreatic β-cells develop diabetes
    • Davani B et al. (2004) Aged transgenic mice with increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in pancreatic β-cells develop diabetes. Diabetes 53 (Suppl 1): S51-S59
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Davani, B.1
  • 51
    • 4344674434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the role of glucocorticoids on pancreas development
    • Gesina E et al. (2004) Dissecting the role of glucocorticoids on pancreas development. Diabetes 53: 2322-2329
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2322-2329
    • Gesina, E.1
  • 52
    • 13944255183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: Changing glucocorticoid action
    • Seckl JR (2004) 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: changing glucocorticoid action. Curr Opin Pharmacol 4: 597-602
    • (2004) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 597-602
    • Seckl, J.R.1
  • 53
    • 0036230286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome
    • Whorwood CB et al. (2002) Increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 51: 1066-1075
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1066-1075
    • Whorwood, C.B.1
  • 54
    • 0041381335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic impact of transcriptional up-regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue in human obesity
    • Wake DJ et al. (2003) Local and systemic impact of transcriptional up-regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue in human obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 3983-3988
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3983-3988
    • Wake, D.J.1
  • 55
    • 4544260173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 in adipose tissue is associated with acquired obesity and features of insulin resistance: Studies in young adult monozygotic twins
    • Kannisto K et al. (2004) Overexpression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 in adipose tissue is associated with acquired obesity and features of insulin resistance: studies in young adult monozygotic twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4414-4421
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4414-4421
    • Kannisto, K.1
  • 56
    • 85047681877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: Tissue-specific induction by cytokines
    • Tomlinson JW et al. (2001) Regulation of expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: tissue-specific induction by cytokines. Endocrinology 142: 1982-1989
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 1982-1989
    • Tomlinson, J.W.1
  • 57
    • 0035931269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic analysis of mice bearing targeted deletions of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 genes
    • Holmes MC et al. (2001) Phenotypic analysis of mice bearing targeted deletions of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 genes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 71: 15-20
    • (2001) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.71 , pp. 15-20
    • Holmes, M.C.1
  • 58
    • 0035798621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved lipid and lipoprotein profile, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 null mice
    • Morton NM et al. (2001) Improved lipid and lipoprotein profile, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 null mice. J Biol Chem 276: 41293-41300
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 41293-41300
    • Morton, N.M.1
  • 59
    • 23944493717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11β-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice
    • Hermanowski-Vosatka A et al. (2005) 11β-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice. J Exp Med 202: 517-527
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 517-527
    • Hermanowski-Vosatka, A.1
  • 60
    • 85047693986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice
    • Masuzaki H et al. (2003) Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice. J Clin Invest 112: 83-90
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 83-90
    • Masuzaki, H.1
  • 61
    • 2342510149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome without obesity: Hepatic overexpression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in transgenic mice
    • Paterson JM et al. (2004) Metabolic syndrome without obesity: Hepatic overexpression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 7088-7093
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 7088-7093
    • Paterson, J.M.1
  • 62
    • 15944394711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipocyte-specific glucocorticoid inactivation protects against diet-induced obesity
    • Kershaw EE et al. (2005) Adipocyte-specific glucocorticoid inactivation protects against diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 54: 1023-1031
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1023-1031
    • Kershaw, E.E.1
  • 63
    • 33644679335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polygenic model of the metabolic syndrome with reduced circulating and intra-adipose glucocorticoid action
    • Morton NM et al. (2005) A polygenic model of the metabolic syndrome with reduced circulating and intra-adipose glucocorticoid action. Diabetes 54: 3371-3378
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 3371-3378
    • Morton, N.M.1
  • 64
    • 85047691378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as a novel therapeutic target in metabolic and neurodegenerative disease
    • Walker BR and Seckl JR (2003) 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as a novel therapeutic target in metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Expert Opin Ther Target 7: 771-783
    • (2003) Expert Opin Ther Target , vol.7 , pp. 771-783
    • Walker, B.R.1    Seckl, J.R.2
  • 65
    • 2342425073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and their associations with metabolic parameters and body composition
    • van Rossum EF and Lamberts SW (2004) Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and their associations with metabolic parameters and body composition. Recent Prog Horm Res 59: 333-357
    • (2004) Recent Prog Horm Res , vol.59 , pp. 333-357
    • Van Rossum, E.F.1    Lamberts, S.W.2
  • 66
    • 0036789254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene, which decreases sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo, is associated with low insulin and cholesterol levels
    • van Rossum EF et al. (2002) A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene, which decreases sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo, is associated with low insulin and cholesterol levels. Diabetes 51: 3128-3134
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 3128-3134
    • Van Rossum, E.F.1
  • 67
    • 22444442844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor - A translational isoform as a result of the ER22/23EK polymorphism
    • Russcher H et al. (2005) Increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor-a translational isoform as a result of the ER22/23EK polymorphism. Mol Endocrinol 19: 1687-1696
    • (2005) Mol Endocrinol , vol.19 , pp. 1687-1696
    • Russcher, H.1
  • 68
    • 0036777944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucocorticoid receptor gene and its association to metabolic syndrome
    • Rosmond R (2002) The glucocorticoid receptor gene and its association to metabolic syndrome. Obes Res 10: 1078-1086
    • (2002) Obes Res , vol.10 , pp. 1078-1086
    • Rosmond, R.1
  • 69
    • 0031848802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth weight and the future development of diabetes
    • Phillips DIW (1998) Birth weight and the future development of diabetes. Diabetes Care 21: B150-B155
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21
    • Phillips, D.I.W.1
  • 70
    • 0035145867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered control of cortisol secretion in adult men with low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors
    • Reynolds RM et al. (2001) Altered control of cortisol secretion in adult men with low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 245-250
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 245-250
    • Reynolds, R.M.1
  • 71
    • 7844240856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive personal experience-examination of genotype and phenotype relationships in 14 patients with apparent mineralocorticoid excess
    • Dave-Sharma S et al. (1998) Extensive personal experience-examination of genotype and phenotype relationships in 14 patients with apparent mineralocorticoid excess. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 2244-2254
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2244-2254
    • Dave-Sharma, S.1
  • 72
    • 1642546490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: Effects on cerebral palsy and childhood behavior
    • French NP and Hagan R et al. (2004) Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: effects on cerebral palsy and childhood behavior. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190: 588-595
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , pp. 588-595
    • French, N.P.1    Hagan, R.2
  • 73
    • 0032524014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation permanently programs rat hepatic phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase and glucocorticoid receptor expression and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring
    • Nyirenda MF et al. (1998) Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation permanently programs rat hepatic phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase and glucocorticoid receptor expression and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring. J Clin Invest 101: 2174-2181
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 2174-2181
    • Nyirenda, M.F.1
  • 74
    • 0037372162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programming of rat muscle and fat metabolism by in utero overexposure to glucocorticoids
    • Cleasby ME et al. (2003) Programming of rat muscle and fat metabolism by in utero overexposure to glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 144: 999-1007
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 999-1007
    • Cleasby, M.E.1
  • 75
    • 12144252813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal diet-induced obesity in rats upregulates systemic and adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism during development and adulthood
    • Boullu-Ciocca S et al. (2005) Postnatal diet-induced obesity in rats upregulates systemic and adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism during development and adulthood. Diabetes 54: 197-203
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 197-203
    • Boullu-Ciocca, S.1
  • 76
    • 1542267822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular chaperones function as steroid receptor nuclear mobility factors
    • Elbi C et al. (2004) Molecular chaperones function as steroid receptor nuclear mobility factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2876-2881
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 2876-2881
    • Elbi, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.