메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1794-1804

Pertussis toxin activates adult and neonatal naive human CD4+ T lymphocytes

Author keywords

Newborn; Pertussis toxin; T cell

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD40 LIGAND; CD45RA ANTIGEN; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; GAMMA INTERFERON; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 2; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGENIC AGENT; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 33746266270     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535697     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0026634286 scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: Binding, entry, and activation
    • Kaslow, H. R. and Burns, D. L., Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: Binding, entry, and activation. FASEB J. 1992. 6: 2684-2690.
    • (1992) FASEB J. , vol.6 , pp. 2684-2690
    • Kaslow, H.R.1    Burns, D.L.2
  • 2
    • 0033800513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis modulate immune responses to unrelated antigens
    • McGuirk, P., Johnson, P. A., Ryan, E. J. and Mills, K. H., Filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis modulate immune responses to unrelated antigens. J. Infect. Dis. 2000. 182: 1286-1289.
    • (2000) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.182 , pp. 1286-1289
    • McGuirk, P.1    Johnson, P.A.2    Ryan, E.J.3    Mills, K.H.4
  • 4
    • 0042430414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating the enhancing and inhibitory effects of pertussis toxin on autoimmune disease
    • Su, S. B., Silver, P. B., Wang, P., Chan, C. C. and Caspi, R. R., Dissociating the enhancing and inhibitory effects of pertussis toxin on autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 2003. 171: 2314-2319.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 2314-2319
    • Su, S.B.1    Silver, P.B.2    Wang, P.3    Chan, C.C.4    Caspi, R.R.5
  • 5
    • 0020555142 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pertussis toxin on delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and on the activity of suppressor T cells on the responses
    • Tamura, S., Nakanishi, Y., Kojima, A., Otokawa, M., Uchida, N. and Sato, Y., Effects of pertussis toxin on delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and on the activity of suppressor T cells on the responses. Cell. Immunol. 1983. 81: 219-228.
    • (1983) Cell. Immunol. , vol.81 , pp. 219-228
    • Tamura, S.1    Nakanishi, Y.2    Kojima, A.3    Otokawa, M.4    Uchida, N.5    Sato, Y.6
  • 6
    • 0028126456 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of DTH and IgE responses by IL-4 and IFN-gamma in immunized mice given pertussis toxin
    • Mu, H. H. and Sewell, W. A., Regulation of DTH and IgE responses by IL-4 and IFN-gamma in immunized mice given pertussis toxin. Immunology 1994. 83: 639-645.
    • (1994) Immunology , vol.83 , pp. 639-645
    • Mu, H.H.1    Sewell, W.A.2
  • 7
    • 0031920860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin potentiates Th1 and Th2 responses to co-injected antigen: Adjuvant action is associated with enhanced regulatory cytokine production and expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7-1, B7-2 and CD28
    • Ryan, M., McCarthy, L., Rappuoli, R., Mahon, B. P. and Mills, K. H., Pertussis toxin potentiates Th1 and Th2 responses to co-injected antigen: Adjuvant action is associated with enhanced regulatory cytokine production and expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7-1, B7-2 and CD28. Int. Immunol. 1998. 10: 651-662.
    • (1998) Int. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 651-662
    • Ryan, M.1    McCarthy, L.2    Rappuoli, R.3    Mahon, B.P.4    Mills, K.H.5
  • 8
    • 0033838435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enhanced antigen-specific production of cytokines induced by pertussis toxin is due to clonal expansion of T cells and not to altered effector functions of long-term memory cells
    • Shive, C. L., Hofstetter, H., Arredondo, L., Shaw, C. and Forsthuber, T. G., The enhanced antigen-specific production of cytokines induced by pertussis toxin is due to clonal expansion of T cells and not to altered effector functions of long-term memory cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000. 30: 2422-2431.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 2422-2431
    • Shive, C.L.1    Hofstetter, H.2    Arredondo, L.3    Shaw, C.4    Forsthuber, T.G.5
  • 9
    • 0029008132 scopus 로고
    • A mutant pertussis toxin molecule that lacks ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, PT-9 K/129G, is an effective mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered proteins
    • Roberts, M., Bacon, A., Rappuoli, R., Pizza, M., Cropley, I., Douce, G., Dougan, G. et al., A mutant pertussis toxin molecule that lacks ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, PT-9 K/129G, is an effective mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered proteins. Infect. Immun. 1995. 63: 2100-2108.
    • (1995) Infect. Immun. , vol.63 , pp. 2100-2108
    • Roberts, M.1    Bacon, A.2    Rappuoli, R.3    Pizza, M.4    Cropley, I.5    Douce, G.6    Dougan, G.7
  • 10
    • 0037442014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin enhances Th1 responses by stimulation of dendritic cells
    • Hou, W., Wu, Y., Sun, S., Shi, M., Sun, Y., Yang, C., Pei, G. et al., Pertussis toxin enhances Th1 responses by stimulation of dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 1728-1736.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 1728-1736
    • Hou, W.1    Wu, Y.2    Sun, S.3    Shi, M.4    Sun, Y.5    Yang, C.6    Pei, G.7
  • 11
    • 0036857834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bordetella pertussis toxin induces the release of inflammatory cytokines and dendritic cell activation in whole blood: Impaired responses in human newborns
    • Tonon, S., Goriely, S., Aksoy, E., Pradier, O., Del Guidice, G., Trannoy, E., Willems, F., et al., Bordetella pertussis toxin induces the release of inflammatory cytokines and dendritic cell activation in whole blood: Impaired responses in human newborns. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002. 32: 3118-3125.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 3118-3125
    • Tonon, S.1    Goriely, S.2    Aksoy, E.3    Pradier, O.4    Del Guidice, G.5    Trannoy, E.6    Willems, F.7
  • 12
    • 0036681655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native and genetically inactivated pertussis toxins induce human dendritic cell maturation and synergize with lipopolysaccharide in promoting T helper type 1 responses
    • Ausiello, C. M., Fedele, G., Urbani, F., Lande, R., Di Carlo, B. and Cassone, A., Native and genetically inactivated pertussis toxins induce human dendritic cell maturation and synergize with lipopolysaccharide in promoting T helper type 1 responses. J. Infect. Dis. 2002. 186: 351-360.
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.186 , pp. 351-360
    • Ausiello, C.M.1    Fedele, G.2    Urbani, F.3    Lande, R.4    Di Carlo, B.5    Cassone, A.6
  • 13
    • 0025356745 scopus 로고
    • Effect of bacterial toxins on human B cell activation. I. Mitogenic activity of pertussis toxin
    • Kolb, J. P., Genot, E., Petit-Koskas, E., Paul-Eugene, N. and Dugas, B., Effect of bacterial toxins on human B cell activation. I. Mitogenic activity of pertussis toxin. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990. 20: 969-976.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 969-976
    • Kolb, J.P.1    Genot, E.2    Petit-Koskas, E.3    Paul-Eugene, N.4    Dugas, B.5
  • 14
    • 0017361065 scopus 로고
    • The in vitro effects of Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor on murine lymphocytes. I. Proliferative response
    • Kong, A. S., and Morse, S. I., The in vitro effects of Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor on murine lymphocytes. I. Proliferative response. J. Exp. Med. 1977. 145: 151-162.
    • (1977) J. Exp. Med. , vol.145 , pp. 151-162
    • Kong, A.S.1    Morse, S.I.2
  • 15
    • 0018746447 scopus 로고
    • The in vitro effects of Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor on murine lymphocytes. III. B-cell dependence for T-cell proliferation
    • Ho, M. K., Kong, A. S. and Morse, S. I., The in vitro effects of Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor on murine lymphocytes. III. B-cell dependence for T-cell proliferation. J. Exp. Med. 1979. 149: 1001-1017.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Med. , vol.149 , pp. 1001-1017
    • Ho, M.K.1    Kong, A.S.2    Morse, S.I.3
  • 17
    • 0035061753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio in lymph node cells upon in vitro mitogenic stimulation by highly purified, water-soluble S3-S4 dime of pertussis toxin
    • Latif, R., Kerlero de Rosbo, N., Amarant, T., Rappuoli, R., Sappler, G. and Ben-Nun, A., Reversal of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio in lymph node cells upon in vitro mitogenic stimulation by highly purified, water-soluble S3-S4 dime of pertussis toxin. Infect. Immun. 2001. 69: 3073-3081.
    • (2001) Infect. Immun. , vol.69 , pp. 3073-3081
    • Latif, R.1    Kerlero de Rosbo, N.2    Amarant, T.3    Rappuoli, R.4    Sappler, G.5    Ben-Nun, A.6
  • 18
    • 0033120081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting Edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the LPS gene product
    • Hoshino, K., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, Y., Takeda, K. and Akira, S., Cutting Edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the LPS gene product. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 3749-3752.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 3749-3752
    • Hoshino, K.1    Takeuchi, O.2    Kawai, T.3    Sanjo, H.4    Ogawa, T.5    Takeda, Y.6    Takeda, K.7    Akira, S.8
  • 20
    • 0026029060 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms for reduced interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma production by neonatal T cells
    • Lewis, D. B., Yu, C. C., Meyer, J., English, B. K., Kahn, S. J. and Wilson, C. B., Cellular and molecular mechanisms for reduced interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma production by neonatal T cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1991. 87: 194-202.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.87 , pp. 194-202
    • Lewis, D.B.1    Yu, C.C.2    Meyer, J.3    English, B.K.4    Kahn, S.J.5    Wilson, C.B.6
  • 21
    • 0037406715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine neonatal lymphocytes show rapid early cell cycle and cell division
    • Adkins, B., Williamson, T., Guevara, P. and Bu, Y., Murine neonatal lymphocytes show rapid early cell cycle and cell division. J. Immunol. 2003. 170: 4548-4556.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 4548-4556
    • Adkins, B.1    Williamson, T.2    Guevara, P.3    Bu, Y.4
  • 23
    • 0035339860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal exposure to antigen induces a defective CD40 ligand expression that undermines both IL-12 production by APC and IL-2 receptor up-regulation on splenic T cells and perpetuates IFN-gamma-dependent T cell anergy
    • Min, B., Legge, K. L., Bell, J. J., Gregg, R. K., Li, L., Caprio, J. C. and Zaghouani, H., Neonatal exposure to antigen induces a defective CD40 ligand expression that undermines both IL-12 production by APC and IL-2 receptor up-regulation on splenic T cells and perpetuates IFN-gamma-dependent T cell anergy. J. Immunol. 2001. 166: 5594-5603.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.166 , pp. 5594-5603
    • Min, B.1    Legge, K.L.2    Bell, J.J.3    Gregg, R.K.4    Li, L.5    Caprio, J.C.6    Zaghouani, H.7
  • 25
    • 0347785480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3
    • Hori, S., Nomura, T. and Sakagushi, S., Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3. Science 2003. 299: 1057-1061.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1057-1061
    • Hori, S.1    Nomura, T.2    Sakagushi, S.3
  • 27
    • 0041467655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-surface bound pertussis toxin induces polyclonal T cell responses with high levels of interferon-gamma in the absence of interleukin-12
    • Wakatsuki, A., Borrow, P., Rigley, K. and Beverley, P. C., Cell-surface bound pertussis toxin induces polyclonal T cell responses with high levels of interferon-gamma in the absence of interleukin-12. Eur. J. Immunol. 2003. 33: 1859-1868.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 1859-1868
    • Wakatsuki, A.1    Borrow, P.2    Rigley, K.3    Beverley, P.C.4
  • 29
    • 0023239742 scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin triggers rapid second messenger production in human T lymphocytes
    • Rosoff, P. M., Walker, R. and Winberry, L., Pertussis toxin triggers rapid second messenger production in human T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1987. 139: 2419-2423.
    • (1987) J. Immunol. , vol.139 , pp. 2419-2423
    • Rosoff, P.M.1    Walker, R.2    Winberry, L.3
  • 31
    • 0347298798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of three NFAT binding motifs in the 5′-upstream region of the human CD3γ gene that differentially binds NFATc1, NFATc2, and NF-κB p50
    • Badran, B. M., Wolinsky, S. M., Burny, A. and Willard-Gallo, K. E., Identification of three NFAT binding motifs in the 5′-upstream region of the human CD3γ gene that differentially binds NFATc1, NFATc2, and NF-κB p50. J. Biol. Chem. 2002. 277: 47136-47148.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 47136-47148
    • Badran, B.M.1    Wolinsky, S.M.2    Burny, A.3    Willard-Gallo, K.E.4
  • 32
    • 18644364330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation of the human CD3γ gene: The TATA-less CD3γ promoter functions via an initiator and contiguous Sp binding elements
    • Badran, B. M., Kunstman, K., Stanton, J., Moschitta, M., Zerghe, A., Aki, H., Burny, A. et al., Transcriptional regulation of the human CD3γ gene: The TATA-less CD3γ promoter functions via an initiator and contiguous Sp binding elements. J. Immunol. 2005. 174: 6238-6249.
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 6238-6249
    • Badran, B.M.1    Kunstman, K.2    Stanton, J.3    Moschitta, M.4    Zerghe, A.5    Aki, H.6    Burny, A.7
  • 33
    • 20644466433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NFAT proteins: Key regulators of T-cell development and function
    • Macian, F., NFAT proteins: Key regulators of T-cell development and function. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005. 5: 472-484.
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 472-484
    • Macian, F.1
  • 34
    • 0029053852 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of two new members of the NF-AT gene family and functional characterization of the NF-AT proteins
    • Hoey, T., Sun, Y. L., Williamson, K. and Xu, X., Isolation of two new members of the NF-AT gene family and functional characterization of the NF-AT proteins. Immunity 1995. 2: 461-472.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.2 , pp. 461-472
    • Hoey, T.1    Sun, Y.L.2    Williamson, K.3    Xu, X.4
  • 35
    • 0033554726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
    • Sallusto, F., Lenig, D., Forster, R., Lipp, M. and Lanzavecchia, A., Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 1999. 401: 708-712.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 708-712
    • Sallusto, F.1    Lenig, D.2    Forster, R.3    Lipp, M.4    Lanzavecchia, A.5
  • 36
    • 0030039453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40L is expressed and functional on activated neonatal T cells
    • Splawski, J. B., Nishioka, J., Nishioka, Y. and Lipsky, P. E., CD40L is expressed and functional on activated neonatal T cells. J. Immunol. 1996. 156: 119-127.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 119-127
    • Splawski, J.B.1    Nishioka, J.2    Nishioka, Y.3    Lipsky, P.E.4
  • 39
    • 0028326801 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of lymphotoxin (LT), lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta), and TNF-alpha in murine T cell clones activated through the TCR
    • Millet, I. and Ruddle, N. H., Differential regulation of lymphotoxin (LT), lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta), and TNF-alpha in murine T cell clones activated through the TCR. J. Immunol. 1994. 152: 4336-4346.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 4336-4346
    • Millet, I.1    Ruddle, N.H.2
  • 40
    • 0031875615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell receptor (TCR) engagement leads to activation-induced splicing of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) nuclear pre-mRNA
    • Yang, Y., Chang, J. F., Parnes, J. R. and Fathman, C. G., T cell receptor (TCR) engagement leads to activation-induced splicing of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) nuclear pre-mRNA. J. Exp. Med. 1998. 188: 247-254.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 247-254
    • Yang, Y.1    Chang, J.F.2    Parnes, J.R.3    Fathman, C.G.4
  • 41
    • 0347505003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28-mediated co-stimulation: A quantitative support for TCR signalling
    • Acuto, O. and Michel, F., CD28-mediated co-stimulation: A quantitative support for TCR signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003. 3: 939-951.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 939-951
    • Acuto, O.1    Michel, F.2
  • 42
    • 0036183229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 10, produced in abundance by human newborn T cells, may be the regulator of increased tolerance associated with cord blood stem cell transplantation
    • Rainsford, E. and Reen, D. J., Interleukin 10, produced in abundance by human newborn T cells, may be the regulator of increased tolerance associated with cord blood stem cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol. 2002. 116: 702-709.
    • (2002) Br. J. Haematol. , vol.116 , pp. 702-709
    • Rainsford, E.1    Reen, D.J.2
  • 43
    • 0033854453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of pertussis toxin-induced myelomonocytic cell adhesion: Role of CD14 and urokinase receptor
    • Li, H. and Wong, W. S., Mechanisms of pertussis toxin-induced myelomonocytic cell adhesion: Role of CD14 and urokinase receptor. Immunology 2000. 100: 502-509.
    • (2000) Immunology , vol.100 , pp. 502-509
    • Li, H.1    Wong, W.S.2
  • 44
    • 9144247024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4 contributes to disease-inducing mechanisms resulting in central nervous system autoimmune disease
    • Kerfoot, S. M., Long, E. M., Hickey, M. J., Andonegui, G., Lapointe, B. M., Zanardo, R. C., Bonder, C. et al., TLR4 contributes to disease-inducing mechanisms resulting in central nervous system autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 2004. 173: 7070-7077.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 7070-7077
    • Kerfoot, S.M.1    Long, E.M.2    Hickey, M.J.3    Andonegui, G.4    Lapointe, B.M.5    Zanardo, R.C.6    Bonder, C.7
  • 45
    • 19544363581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTX cruiser: Driving autoimmunity via TLR4
    • Racke, M. K., Hu, W. and Lovett-Racks, A. E., PTX cruiser: Driving autoimmunity via TLR4. Trends Immunol. 2005. 26: 289-291.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 289-291
    • Racke, M.K.1    Hu, W.2    Lovett-Racks, A.E.3
  • 46
    • 0346366989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD43 modulates severity and onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Ford, M. L., Onami, T. M., Sperling, A. I., Ahmed, R. and Evavold, B. D., CD43 modulates severity and onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 2003. 171: 6527-6533.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 6527-6533
    • Ford, M.L.1    Onami, T.M.2    Sperling, A.I.3    Ahmed, R.4    Evavold, B.D.5
  • 49
    • 0026496008 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of pertussis toxin with human T lymphocytes
    • Witvliet, M. H., Vogel, M. L., Wiertz, E. J. and Poolman, J. T., Interaction of pertussis toxin with human T lymphocytes. Infect Immun. 1992. 60: 5085-5090.
    • (1992) Infect Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 5085-5090
    • Witvliet, M.H.1    Vogel, M.L.2    Wiertz, E.J.3    Poolman, J.T.4
  • 51
    • 0344667552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB activation pathways induced by T cell costimulation
    • Schmitz, M. L., Bacher, S. and Dienz, O., NF-κB activation pathways induced by T cell costimulation. FASEB J. 2003. 17: 2187-2193.
    • (2003) FASEB J. , vol.17 , pp. 2187-2193
    • Schmitz, M.L.1    Bacher, S.2    Dienz, O.3
  • 53
    • 0033564299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple NF-ATc isoforms with individual transcriptional properties are synthesized in T lymphocytes
    • Chuvpilo, S., Avots, A., Berberich-Siebelt, F., Glockner, J., Fischer, C., Kerstan, A., Escher, C. et al., Multiple NF-ATc isoforms with individual transcriptional properties are synthesized in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 7294-7301.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 7294-7301
    • Chuvpilo, S.1    Avots, A.2    Berberich-Siebelt, F.3    Glockner, J.4    Fischer, C.5    Kerstan, A.6    Escher, C.7
  • 55
    • 0030959440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of vaccines
    • Rappuoli, R., Rational design of vaccines. Nat. Med. 1997. 3: 374-376.
    • (1997) Nat. Med. , vol.3 , pp. 374-376
    • Rappuoli, R.1
  • 57
    • 0030788299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor binding sites downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription start site are important for virus infectivity
    • Van Lint, C., Amella, C. A. and Emiliani, S., Transcription factor binding sites downstream of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription start site are important for virus infectivity. J. Virol. 1997. 71: 6113-6127.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 6113-6127
    • Van Lint, C.1    Amella, C.A.2    Emiliani, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.