Demographic category membership and leadership in small groups: A social identity analysis

Leadership Quarterly

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 335-350

  Hogg, Michael A ^a   Fielding, Kelly S ^b   Johnson, Daniel ^b   Masser, Barbara ^b   Russell, Emily ^b   Svensson, Alicia ^b  

^a CLAREMONT GRADUATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ambivalent sexism; Demographic categories; Gender; Social identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745963359     PISSN: 10489843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.007     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Abrams D., and Hogg M.A. Prospects for research in group processes and intergroup relations. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 1 (1998) 7-20
2. Abrams D., and Hogg M.A. Collective identity: Group membership and self-conception. In: Hogg M.A., and Tindale R.S. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 425-460
3. Abrams D., Viki G.T.N., Masser B., and Bohner G. Perceptions of stranger and acquaintance rape: The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2003) 111-125
4. Bass B.M. Bass and Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applications (1990), Free Press, New York
5. Bass B.M. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics 18 (1990) 19-31
6. Bass B.M. Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact (1998), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
7. Bass B.M., and Avolio B.J. Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. In: Chemers M.M., and Ayman R.A. (Eds). Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions (1993), Academic Press, London 49-80
8. Beattie M.Y., and Diehl L.A. Effects of social conditions on the expression of sex role stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly 4 (1979) 241-255
9. Berger J., Fisek M.H., Norman R.Z., and Zelditch Jr. M. Status characteristics and social interaction (1977), Elsevier, New York
10. Berger J., Wagner D., and Zelditch Jr. M. Expectation states theory: Review and assessment. In: Berger J., and Zelditch Jr. M. (Eds). Status, rewards and influence (1985), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA 1-72
11. Brief A.P., Dietz J., Cohen R.R., Pugh S.D., and Vaslow J.B. Just doing business: Modern racism and obedience to authority as explanations for employment discrimination. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 81 (2000) 72-97
12. Bryman A. Charisma and leadership in organizations (1992), Sage, London
13. Cejka M.A., and Eagly A.H. Gender-stereotypic images of occupations correspond to the sex segregation of employment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 (1999) 413-423
14. Chemers M.M. Leadership effectiveness: An integrative review. In: Hogg M.A., and Tindale R.S. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 376-399
15. Conger J.A., and Kanungo R.N. Towards a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review 12 (1987) 637-647
16. Conger J.A., and Kanungo R.N. Behavioral dimensions of charismatic leadership. In: Conger J.A., and Kanungo R.N. (Eds). Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor on organizational effectiveness (1988), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA
17. Dijksterhuis A.P., Spears R., Postmes T., Stapel D., Koomen W., van Knippenberg A., et al. Seeing one thing and doing another: Contrast effects in automatic behaviour. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 862-871
18. Duck J.M., and Fielding K.S. Leaders and subgroups: One of us or one of them. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2 (1999) 203-230
19. Duck J.M., and Fielding K.S. Leaders and their treatment of subgroups: Implications for evaluations of the leader and the superordinate group. European Journal of Social Psychology 33 (2003) 387-401
20. Eagly A.H. Few women at the top: How role incongruity produces prejudice and the glass ceiling. In: van Knippenberg D., and Hogg M.A. (Eds). Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations (2003), Sage, London 79-93
21. Eagly A.H., and Carli L.L. The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence. The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 807-834
22. Eagly A.H., and Karau S.J. Role incongruity theory of prejudice towards female leaders. Psychological Review 109 (2002) 573-578
23. Eagly A.H., Karau S.J., and Makhijani M.G. Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 117 (1995) 125-145
24. Eagly A.H., Makhijani M.G., and Klonsky B.G. Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 111 (1992) 3-22
25. Fielding K.S., and Hogg M.A. Social identity, self-categorization, and leadership: A field study of small interactive groups. Group Dynamics, Theory, Research, and Practice 1 (1997) 39-51
26. Glick P., Diebold J., Bailey-Werner B., and Zhu L. The two faces of Adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23 (1997) 1323-1334
27. Glick P., and Fiske S.T. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1996) 491-512
28. Glick P., and Fiske S.T. The Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory. Psychology of Women Quarterly 23 (1999) 519-536
29. Glick P., Fiske S.T., Mladinic A., Saiz J.L., Abrams D., Masser B., et al. Beyond prejudice as a simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 763-776
30. Glick P., Lameiras M., Fiske S.T., Eckes T., Masser B., Volpato C., et al. Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 713-728
31. Glick P., Wilk K., and Perrault M. Images of occupations: Components of gender and status in occupational stereotypes. Sex Roles 32 (1995) 564-582
32. Hains S.C., Hogg M.A., and Duck J.M. Self-categorization and leadership: Effects of group prototypicality and leader stereotypicality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23 (1997) 1087-1100
33. Hall R.J., and Lord R.G. Multi-level information processing explanations of followers' leadership perceptions. Leadership Quarterly 6 (1995) 265-287
34. Haslam S.A., and Platow M.J. Your wish is our command: The role of shared social identity in translating a leader's vision into followers' action. In: Hogg M.A., and Terry D.J. (Eds). Social identity processes in organizational contexts (2001), Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA 213-228
35. Heilman M.E. Sex bias in work settings: The lack of fit model. Research in Organizational Behavior 5 (1983) 269-298
36. Hogg M.A. Group cohesiveness: A critical review and some new directions. European Review of Social Psychology 4 (1993) 85-111
37. Hogg M.A. A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 (2001) 184-200
38. Hogg M.A. From prototypicality to power: A social identity analysis of leadership. In: Thye S.R., Lawler E.J., Macy M.W., and Walker H.A. (Eds). Advances in group processes vol. 18 (2001), Elsevier, Oxford, UK 1-30
39. Hogg M.A. Social categorization, depersonalization, and group behavior. In: Hogg M.A., and Tindale R.S. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 56-85
40. Hogg M.A. Social identity. In: Leary M.R., and Tangney J.P. (Eds). Handbook of self and identity (2003), Guilford, New York 462-479
41. Hogg, M. A. (in press). Social psychology of leadership. In A.W. Kruglanski and E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: A handbook of basic principles (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
42. Hogg M.A., and Abrams D. Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes (1988), Routledge, London
43. Hogg M.A., and Hains S.C. Intergroup relations and group solidarity: Effects of group identification and social beliefs on depersonalized attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1996) 295-309
44. Hogg M.A., Hains S.C., and Mason I. Identification and leadership in small groups: Salience, frame of reference, and leader stereotypicality effects on leader evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 1248-1263
45. Hogg M.A., and Terry D.J. Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review 25 (2000) 121-140
46. Hogg M.A., and van Knippenberg D. Social identity and leadership processes in groups. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology vol. 35 (2003), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1-52
47. Hollander E.P. Leadership and power. In: Lindzey G., and Aronson E. (Eds). Handbook of social psychology. 3rd ed. vol. 2 (1985), Random House, New York 485-537
48. Kray L.J., Thompson L., and Galinsky A. Battle of the sexes: Gender stereotype confirmation and reactance in negotiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (2001) 942-958
49. Lord R.G., Brown D.J., and Harvey J.L. System constraints on leadership perceptions, behavior and influence: An example of connectionist level processes. In: Hogg M.A., and Tindale R.S. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 283-310
50. Lord R.G., Foti R.J., and DeVader C.L. A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 34 (1984) 343-378
51. Mackie D.M., Hamilton D.L., Susskind J., and Rosselli F. Social psychological foundations of stereotype formation. In: Macrae C.N., Stangor C., and Hewstone M. (Eds). Stereotypes and stereotyping (1996), Guilford, New York 41-78
52. Martell R.F., Parker C., Emrich C.G., and Swerdlin Crawford M. Sex stereotyping in the executive suite: "Much ado about something". Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 13 (1998) 127-138
53. Masser B., and Abrams D. Contemporary sexism: The relationships between hostility, benevolence and neosexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly 23 (1999) 503-517
54. Masser, B. & Abrams, D. (2003). Reinforcing the glass ceiling: The consequences of hostile sexism for female managerial candidates. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Queensland.
55. Maxwell S.E., and Delaney H.D. Bivariate median spits and spurious statistical significance. Psychological Bulletin 113 (1993) 181-190
56. Moreland R.L., Hogg M.A., and Hains S.C. Back to the future: Social psychological research on groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 30 (1994) 527-555
57. Mowday R.T., and Sutton R.I. Organizational behavior: Linking individuals and groups to organizational contexts. Annual Review of Psychology 44 (1993) 195-229
58. Nye J.L., and Forsyth D.R. The effects of prototype-based biases on leadership appraisals: A test of leadership categorization theory. Small Group Research 22 (1991) 360-379
59. Palich L.E., and Hom P.W. The impact of leader power and behavior on leadership perceptions: A lisrel rest of an expanded categorization theory of leadership model. Group & Organization Management 17 (1992) 279-296
60. Pawar B.S., and Eastman K. The nature and implications of contextual influences on transformational leadership. Academy of Management Review 22 (1997) 80-109
61. Platow M.J., and van Knippenberg D. A social identity analysis of leadership endorsement: The effects of leader ingroup prototypicality and distributive intergroup fairness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27 (2001) 1508-1519
62. Ridgeway C.L. Social status and group structure. In: Hogg M.A., and Tindale R.S. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (2001), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 352-375
63. Ridgeway C.L. Status characteristics and leadership. In: van Knippenberg D., and Hogg M.A. (Eds). Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations (2003), Sage, London 65-78
64. Rudman L.A., and Glick P. Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women: The hidden costs to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle-managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 1004-1010
65. Rudman L.A., and Glick P. Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash against agentic women. Journal of Social Issues 57 (2001) 743-762
66. Rush M.C., and Russell J.E.A. Leader prototypes and prototype-contingent consensus in leader behavior descriptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 24 (1988) 88-104
67. Shore T.H. Subtle gender bias in the assessment of managerial potential. Sex Roles 27 (1992) 499-515
68. Spence J.T., and Helmreich R. The Attitudes Towards Women Scale. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 2 (1972) 1-52 MS No. 153
69. Swim J.K., Aikin K.J., Hall W.S., and Hunter B.A. Sexism and racism: Old fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 199-214
70. Tajfel H., and Turner J.C. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S., and Austin W. (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations (1986), Nelson-Hall, Chicago 7-24
71. Turner J.C. Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In: Ellemers N., Spears R., and Doosje B. (Eds). Social identity (1999), Blackwell, Oxford, UK 6-34
72. Turner J.C., Hogg M.A., Oakes P.J., Reicher S.D., and Wetherell M.S. Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory (1987), Blackwell, Oxford, UK
73. van Knippenberg D., and Hogg M.A. A social identity model of leadership in organizations. In: Kramer R.M., and Staw B.M. (Eds). Research in organizational behavior vol. 25 (2003), JAI Press, Greenwich, CT 243-295
74. van Knippenberg D., van Knippenberg B., De Cremer D., and Hogg M.A. Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly 15 (2004) 825-856
75. Williams C. The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the "female" professions. Social Problems 39 (1992) 41-57
76. Young J.L., and James E.H. Token majority: The work attitudes of male flight attendants. Sex Roles 45 (2001) 299-319
77. Yukl G. Leadership in organizations. 5th ed. (2002), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ