메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 695-715

An overview of chagasic cardiomyopathy: Pathogenic importance of oxidative stress

Author keywords

Chagasic cardiomyopathy; Inflammation; Mitochondria; Oxidant antioxidant status; Oxidative damage; Reactive oxygen species

Indexed keywords


EID: 31044453296     PISSN: 00013765     EISSN: 00013765     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37652005000400009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (151)
  • 2
    • 0030010929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12 mediates resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice and is produced by murine macrophages in response to live trypomastigotes
    • ALIBERTI JC, CARDOSO MA, MARTINS GA, GAZZINELLI RT, VIEIRA LQ AND SILVA JS. 1996. Interleukin-12 mediates resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice and is produced by murine macrophages in response to live trypomastigotes. Infect Immun 64: 1961-1967.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 1961-1967
    • Aliberti, J.C.1    Cardoso, C.2    Martins, G.A.3    Gazzinelli, R.T.4    Vieira, L.Q.5    Silva, J.S.6
  • 3
    • 0035070057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of chemokine production and inflammatory responses in interferon-gamma- And tumor necrosis factor-R1-deficient mice during Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • ALIBERTI JC, SOUTO JT, MARINO AP, LANNES VIEIRA J, TEIXEIRA MM, FARBER J, GAZZINELLI RT AND SILVA JS. 2001. Modulation of chemokine production and inflammatory responses in interferon-gamma- and tumor necrosis factor-R1-deficient mice during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Am J Pathol 158: 1433-1440.
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.158 , pp. 1433-1440
    • Aliberti, J.C.1    Souto, J.T.2    Marino, A.P.3    Lannes, V.J.4    Teixeira, M.M.5    Farber, J.6    Gazzinelli, R.T.7    Silva, J.S.8
  • 4
    • 0027077951 scopus 로고
    • Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: A comparison between the response in patients and experimental animals inoculated with the same strains
    • ANDRADE SG, RASSI A, MAGALHAES JB, FERRIOLLI FILHO F AND LUQUETTI AO. 1992. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: a comparison between the response in patients and experimental animals inoculated with the same strains. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 624-626.
    • (1992) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.86 , pp. 624-626
    • Andrade, S.G.1    Rassi, A.2    Magalhaes, J.B.3    Ferriolli, F.F.4    Luquetti, A.O.5
  • 5
    • 0033567065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases
    • ANDREW PJ AND MAYER B. 1999. Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res 43: 521-531.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Res , vol.43 , pp. 521-531
    • Andrew, P.J.1    Mayer, B.2
  • 6
    • 0033105874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADPH oxidase: An update
    • BABIOR BM. 1999. NADPH oxidase: an update. Blood 93: 1464-1476.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.93 , pp. 1464-1476
    • Babior, B.M.1
  • 7
    • 0030811113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation in the myocardium in response to inflammation is controlled by the Interferon regulatory transcription factor 1
    • BACHMAIER K, NEU N, PUMMERER C, DUNCAN GS, MAK TW, MATSUYAMA T AND PENNINGER JM. 1997. iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation in the myocardium in response to inflammation is controlled by the Interferon regulatory transcription factor 1. Circulation 96: 585-591.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 585-591
    • Bachmaier, K.1    Neu, N.2    Pummerer, C.3    Duncan, G.S.4    Mak, T.W.5    Matsuyama, T.6    Penninger, J.M.7
  • 8
    • 0031608637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-gamma in human Chagas' disease: Protection or pathology?
    • BAHIA-OLIVEIRA LM ET AL. 1998. IFN-gamma in human Chagas' disease: protection or pathology? Braz J Med Biol Res 31: 127-131.
    • (1998) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.31 , pp. 127-131
    • Bahia-Oliveira, L.M.1
  • 10
    • 0034988212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale deletion and point mutations of the nuclear NDUFV1 and NDUFS1 genes in mitochondrial complex i deficiency
    • BENIT P ET AL. 2001. Large-scale deletion and point mutations of the nuclear NDUFV1 and NDUFS1 genes in mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 68: 1344-1352.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 1344-1352
    • Benit, P.1
  • 11
    • 1642484244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications
    • BERRY CE AND HARE JM. 2004. Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. J Physiol 555: 589-606.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.555 , pp. 589-606
    • Berry, C.E.1    Hare, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 0030870893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas' disease
    • BRENER Z AND GAZZINELLI RT. 1997. Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas' disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114: 103-110.
    • (1997) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.114 , pp. 103-110
    • Brener, Z.1    Gazzinelli, R.T.2
  • 14
    • 0028866134 scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion of mammalian cells
    • BURLEIGH BA AND ANDREWS NW. 1995. The mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion of mammalian cells. Annu Rev Microbiol 49: 175-200.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 175-200
    • Burleigh, B.A.1    Andrews, N.W.2
  • 15
    • 0032408711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in proteins induced by free radical-mediated oxidative stress and protective action of the antioxidants N - Tert - Butyl - Alpha - Phenylnitrone and vitamin e
    • BUTTERFIELD DA ET AL. 1998. Structural and functional changes in proteins induced by free radical-mediated oxidative stress and protective action of the antioxidants N - tert - butyl - alpha - phenylnitrone and vitamin E. Ann N Y Acad Sci 854: 448-462.
    • (1998) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.854 , pp. 448-462
    • Butterfield, D.A.1
  • 16
    • 0027491324 scopus 로고
    • Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between the neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid
    • CANDEIAS LP, PATEL KB, STRATFORD MR AND WARDMAN P. 1993. Free hydroxyl radicals are formed on reaction between the neutrophil-derived species superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid. FEBS Lett 333: 151-153.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett , vol.333 , pp. 151-153
    • Candeias, L.P.1    Patel, K.B.2    Stratford, M.R.3    Wardman, P.4
  • 17
    • 0345222531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial function is differentially affected upon oxidative stress
    • CARDOSO SM, PEREIRA C AND OLIVEIRA R. 1999. Mitochondrial function is differentially affected upon oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 26: 3-13.
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.26 , pp. 3-13
    • Cardoso, S.M.1    Pereira, C.2    Oliveira, R.3
  • 18
    • 0023124311 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, histochemical, and ultrastructural correlation in septal endomyocardial biopsies from chronic chagasic patients: Detection of earlymyocardialdamage
    • CARRASCO GUERRA HA, PALACIOS-PRU E, DAGERT DE SCORZA C, MOLINA C, INGLESSIS G AND MENDOZA RV. 1987. Clinical, histochemical, and ultrastructural correlation in septal endomyocardial biopsies from chronic chagasic patients: detection of earlymyocardialdamage. Am Heart J 113: 716-724.
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 716-724
    • Carrasco, G.H.A.1    Palacios-Pru, E.2    De Dagert Scorza, C.3    Molina, C.4    Inglessis, G.5    Mendoza, R.V.6
  • 21
    • 0036273749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase in acute myocarditis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain)
    • CHANDRA M ET AL. 2002. Significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase in acute myocarditis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain). Int J Parasitol 32: 897-905.
    • (2002) Int J Parasitol , vol.32 , pp. 897-905
    • Chandra, M.1
  • 22
    • 0141815741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: Central role of complex III
    • CHEN Q, VAZQUEZ EJ, MOGHADDAS S, HOPPEL CL AND LESNEFSKY EJ. 2003. Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: Central role of complex III. J Biol Chem 278: 36027-36031.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 36027-36031
    • Chen, Q.1    Vazquez, E.J.2    Moghaddas, S.3    Hoppel, C.L.4    Lesnefsky, E.J.5
  • 23
    • 0034524859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human studies related to protein oxidation: Protein carbonyl content as a marker of damage
    • CHEVION M, BERENSHTEIN E AND STADTMAN ER. 2000. Human studies related to protein oxidation: protein carbonyl content as a marker of damage. Free Radic Res 33 (Suppl.): S99-108.
    • (2000) Free Radic Res , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 99-108
    • Chevion, M.1    Berenshtein, E.2    Stadtman, E.R.3
  • 25
    • 0033252060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the immune response on the development of severe clinical forms of human Chagas disease
    • CORREA-OLIVEIRA R ET AL. 1999. The role of the immune response on the development of severe clinical forms of human Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94 (Suppl.1): 253-255.
    • (1999) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.94 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 253-255
    • Correa-Oliveira, R.1
  • 26
    • 0028074206 scopus 로고
    • The superoxide-generating system of human neutrophils possesses a novel diaphorase activity. Evidence for distinct regulation of electron flow within NADPH oxidase by p67-phox and p47-phox
    • CROSS AR, YARCHOVER JL AND CURNUTTE JT. 1994. The superoxide-generating system of human neutrophils possesses a novel diaphorase activity. Evidence for distinct regulation of electron flow within NADPH oxidase by p67-phox and p47-phox. J Biol Chem 269: 21448-21454.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 21448-21454
    • Cross, A.R.1    Yarchover, J.L.2    Curnutte, J.T.3
  • 30
    • 0141426830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selenium supplementation at low doses contributes to the decrease in heart damage in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • DE SOUZA AP, DE OLIVEIRA GM, VANDERPAS J, DE CASTRO SL, RIVERA MT AND ARAUJO-JORGE TC. 2003. Selenium supplementation at low doses contributes to the decrease in heart damage in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitol Res 91: 51-54.
    • (2003) Parasitol Res , vol.91 , pp. 51-54
    • De Souza, A.P.1    De Oliveira, G.M.2    Vanderpas, J.3    De Castro, S.L.4    Rivera, M.T.5    Araujo-Jorge, T.C.6
  • 31
    • 1542269157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging infectious threats to the blood supply
    • DODD RY AND LEIBY DA. 2004. Emerging infectious threats to the blood supply. Annu Rev Med 55: 191-207.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Med , vol.55 , pp. 191-207
    • Dodd, R.Y.1    Leiby, D.A.2
  • 32
    • 0036086130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function
    • DROGE W. 2002. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82: 47-95.
    • (2002) Physiol Rev , vol.82 , pp. 47-95
    • Droge, W.1
  • 33
    • 0037189377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase
    • EISERICH JP ET AL. 2002. Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase. Science 296: 2391-2394.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 2391-2394
    • Eiserich, J.P.1
  • 34
    • 0036198185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmias associated with Chagas' heart disease
    • ELIZARI MV. 2002. Arrhythmias associated with Chagas' heart disease. Card Electrophysiol Rev 6: 115-119.
    • (2002) Card Electrophysiol Rev , vol.6 , pp. 115-119
    • Elizari, M.V.1
  • 36
    • 2542461039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors contributing to the outcome of oxidative damage to nucleic acids
    • EVANS MD AND COOKE MS. 2004. Factors contributing to the outcome of oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Bioessays 26: 533-542.
    • (2004) Bioessays , vol.26 , pp. 533-542
    • Evans, M.D.1    Cooke, M.S.2
  • 37
    • 0037376674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidant signals and oxidative stress
    • FINKEL T. 2003. Oxidant signals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Cell Biol 15: 247-254.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 247-254
    • Finkel, T.1
  • 38
    • 0035060368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative biochemical markers; clues to understanding aging in long-lived species
    • FLOYD RA, WEST M AND HENSLEY K. 2001. Oxidative biochemical markers; clues to understanding aging in long-lived species. Exp Gerontol 36: 619-640.
    • (2001) Exp Gerontol , vol.36 , pp. 619-640
    • Floyd, R.A.1    West, M.2    Hensley, K.3
  • 40
    • 0036785658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic immunization elicits antigen-specific protective immune responses and decreases disease severity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • GARG N AND TARLETON RL. 2002. Genetic immunization elicits antigen-specific protective immune responses and decreases disease severity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infect Immun 70: 5547-5555.
    • (2002) Infect Immun , vol.70 , pp. 5547-5555
    • Garg, N.1    Tarleton, R.L.2
  • 41
    • 0031114082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivery by Trypanosoma cruzi of proteins into the MHC class i antigen processing and presentation pathway
    • GARG N, NUNES MP AND TARLETON RL. 1997. Delivery by Trypanosoma cruzi of proteins into the MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway. J Immunol 158: 3293-3302.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 3293-3302
    • Garg, N.1    Nunes, M.P.2    Tarleton, R.L.3
  • 42
    • 0038306394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling gene transcription reveals a deficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Trypanosoma cruzi'-infected murine hearts: Implications in chagasic myocarditis development
    • GARG N, POPOV VL AND PAPACONSTANTINOU J. 2003. Profiling gene transcription reveals a deficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Trypanosoma cruzi'-infected murine hearts: implications in chagasic myocarditis development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1638: 106-120.
    • (2003) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1638 , pp. 106-120
    • Garg, N.1    Popov, V.L.2    Papaconstantinou, J.3
  • 43
    • 4344717134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression analysis in mitochondria from chagasic mice: Alterations in specific metabolic pathways
    • GARG N, BHATIA V, GERSTNER A, DEFORD J AND PAPACONSTANTINOU J. 2004. Gene expression analysis in mitochondria from chagasic mice: Alterations in specific metabolic pathways. Biochemical J 381: 743-752.
    • (2004) Biochemical J , vol.381 , pp. 743-752
    • Garg, N.1    Bhatia, V.2    Gerstner, A.3    Deford, J.4    Papaconstantinou, J.5
  • 44
    • 0026805989 scopus 로고
    • The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an L-arginine-dependent, nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhabitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta
    • GAZZINELLI RT, OSWALD IP, HIENY S, JAMES SL AND SHER A. 1992. The microbicidal activity of interferon-gamma-treated macrophages against Trypanosoma cruzi involves an L-arginine-dependent, nitrogen oxide-mediated mechanism inhabitable by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta. Eur J Immunol 22: 2501-2506.
    • (1992) Eur J Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 2501-2506
    • Gazzinelli, R.T.1    Oswald, I.P.2    Hieny, S.3    James, S.L.4    Sher, A.5
  • 46
    • 0036288063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host selenium deficiency increases the severity of chronic inflammatory myopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi-inoculated mice
    • GOMEZ RM, SOLANA ME AND LEVANDER OA. 2002. Host selenium deficiency increases the severity of chronic inflammatory myopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi-inoculated mice. J Parasitol 88: 541-547.
    • (2002) J Parasitol , vol.88 , pp. 541-547
    • Gomez, R.M.1    Solana, M.E.2    Levander, O.A.3
  • 47
    • 0035414219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Mexico: An update
    • GUZMAN B. 2001. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Mexico: an update. Trends Parasitol 17: 372-376.
    • (2001) Trends Parasitol , vol.17 , pp. 372-376
    • Guzman, B.1
  • 48
    • 4244087065 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species in living systems: Source, biochemistry, and role in human disease
    • HALLIWELL B. 1991. Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am J Med 91: 14S-22S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 49
    • 0035863011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space
    • HAN D, WILLIAMS E AND CADENAS E. 2001. Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space. Biochem J 353: 411-416.
    • (2001) Biochem J , vol.353 , pp. 411-416
    • Han, D.1    Williams, E.2    Cadenas, E.3
  • 50
    • 0142210179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glutathione depletion on sites and topology of Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in mitochondria
    • HAN D, CANALI R, RETTORI D AND KAPLOWITZ N. 2003. Effect of glutathione depletion on sites and topology of Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in mitochondria. Mol Pharmacol 64: 1136-1144.
    • (2003) Mol Pharmacol , vol.64 , pp. 1136-1144
    • Han, D.1    Canali, R.2    Rettori, D.3    Kaplowitz, N.4
  • 51
    • 0030589009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of tyramine by monoamine oxidase A/B causes oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA
    • HAUPTMANN N, GRIMSBY J, SHIH JC AND CADENAS E. 1996. The metabolism of tyramine by monoamine oxidase A/B causes oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 335: 295-304.
    • (1996) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.335 , pp. 295-304
    • Hauptmann, N.1    Grimsby, J.2    Shih, J.C.3    Cadenas, E.4
  • 53
    • 0033955396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose the fifth reported US case of autochthonous transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, in Tennessee, 1998
    • HERWALDT BL, GRIJALVA MJ, NEWSOME AL, MCGHEE CR, POWELL MR, NEMEC DG, STEURER FJ AND EBERHARD ML. 2000. Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose the fifth reported US case of autochthonous transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, in Tennessee, 1998. J Infect Dis 181: 395-399.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 395-399
    • Herwaldt, B.L.1    Grijalva, M.J.2    Newsome, A.L.3    Mcghee, C.R.4    Powell, M.R.5    Nemec, D.G.6    Steurer, F.J.7    Eberhard, M.L.8
  • 54
    • 0029258881 scopus 로고
    • Endomyocardial biopsy in Chagas' heart disease: Pathogenetic contributions
    • HIGUCHI MD. 1995. Endomyocardial biopsy in Chagas' heart disease: pathogenetic contributions. São Paulo Med J 113: 821-825.
    • (1995) São Paulo Med J , vol.113 , pp. 821-825
    • Higuchi, M.D.1
  • 55
    • 0030906266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of an increase in CD8+ T cells with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in chronic, human, chagasic myocarditis
    • HIGUCHI MD, RIES MM, AIELLO VD, BENVENUTI LA, GUTIERREZ PS, BELLOTTI G AND PILEGGI F. 1997. Association of an increase in CD8+ T cells with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in chronic, human, chagasic myocarditis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56: 485-489.
    • (1997) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.56 , pp. 485-489
    • Higuchi, M.D.1    Ries, M.M.2    Aiello, V.D.3    Benvenuti, L.A.4    Gutierrez, P.S.5    Bellotti, G.6    Pileggi, F.7
  • 56
    • 0642281742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the heart in Chagas' disease: Current status and new developments
    • HIGUCHI M DE L, BENVENUTI LA, MARTINS REIS M AND METZGER M. 2003. Pathophysiology of the heart in Chagas' disease: current status and new developments. Cardiovasc Res 60: 96-107.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.60 , pp. 96-107
    • De Higuchi, M.L.1    Benvenuti, L.A.2    Martins, R.M.3    Metzger, M.4
  • 57
    • 0030971057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase develop normally and show no increased sensitivity to hyperoxia
    • Ho YS, MAGNENAT JL, BRONSON RT, CAO J, GARGANO M, SUGAWARA M AND FUNK CD. 1997. Mice deficient in cellular glutathione peroxidase develop normally and show no increased sensitivity to hyperoxia. J Biol Chem 272: 16644-16651.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 16644-16651
    • Ho, Y.S.1    Magnenat, J.L.2    Bronson, R.T.3    Cao, J.4    Gargano, M.5    Sugawara, M.6    Funk, C.D.7
  • 58
    • 0032848655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection of endothelial cells with Trypanosoma cruzi activates NF-kappaB and induces vascular adhesion molecule expression
    • HUANG H, CALDERON TM, BERMAN JW, BRAUNSTEIN VL, WEISS LM, WITTNER M AND TANOWITZ HB. 1999. Infection of endothelial cells with Trypanosoma cruzi activates NF-kappaB and induces vascular adhesion molecule expression. Infect Immun 67: 5434-5440.
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 5434-5440
    • Huang, H.1    Calderon, T.M.2    Berman, J.W.3    Braunstein, V.L.4    Weiss, L.M.5    Wittner, M.6    Tanowitz, H.B.7
  • 62
    • 0028044012 scopus 로고
    • Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient
    • JARDIM E AND TAKAYANAGUI OM. 1994. Chagasic meningoencephalitis with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the cerebrospinal fluid of an immunodepressed patient. J Trop Med Hyg 97: 367-370.
    • (1994) J Trop Med Hyg , vol.97 , pp. 367-370
    • Jardim, E.1    Takayanagui, O.M.2
  • 64
    • 0027447284 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of a Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequence from inflammatory lesions in human chagasic cardiomyopathy
    • JONES EM, COLLEY DG, TOSTES S, LOPES ER, VNENCAK-JONES CL AND MCCURLEY TL. 1993. Amplification of a Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequence from inflammatory lesions in human chagasic cardiomyopathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48: 348-357.
    • (1993) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.48 , pp. 348-357
    • Jones, E.M.1    Colley, D.G.2    Tostes, S.3    Lopes, E.R.4    Vnencak-Jones, C.L.5    Mccurley, T.L.6
  • 67
    • 0035782650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial diseases
    • KIRKINEZOS IG AND MORAES CT. 2001. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 12: 449-457.
    • (2001) Semin Cell Dev Biol , vol.12 , pp. 449-457
    • Kirkinezos, I.G.1    Moraes, C.T.2
  • 68
    • 0014391262 scopus 로고
    • Chagas' disease and Chagas' syndromes: The pathology of American trypanosomiasis
    • KOBERLE F. 1968. Chagas' disease and Chagas' syndromes: the pathology of American trypanosomiasis. Adv Parasitol 6: 63-116.
    • (1968) Adv Parasitol , vol.6 , pp. 63-116
    • Koberle, F.1
  • 69
    • 0034999859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by matrix Ca(2+) and voltage during anoxia/reoxygenation
    • KORGE P, HONDA HM AND WEISS JN. 2001. Regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition by matrix Ca(2+) and voltage during anoxia/ reoxygenation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280: C517-526.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.280
    • Korge, P.1    Honda, H.M.2    Weiss, J.N.3
  • 71
    • 0034642351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease) among patients undergoing cardiac surgery
    • LEIBY DA ET AL. 2000. Evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease) among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Circulation 102: 2978-2982.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 2978-2982
    • Leiby, D.A.1
  • 72
    • 0034861163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac myosin autoimmunity in acute Chagas' heart disease
    • LEON JS, GODSEL LM, WANG K AND ENGMAN DM. 2001. Cardiac myosin autoimmunity in acute Chagas' heart disease. Infect Immun 69: 5643-5649.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 5643-5649
    • Leon, J.S.1    Godsel, L.M.2    Wang, K.3    Engman, D.M.4
  • 73
    • 0034770396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic jury to mitochondrial electron transport in the aging heart: Damage to the iron-sulfur protein subunit of electron transport complex III
    • LESNEFSKY EJ, GUDZ TI, MIGITA CT, IKEDA-SAITO M, HASSAN MO, TURKALY PJ AND HOPPEL CL. 2001. Ischemic jury to mitochondrial electron transport in the aging heart: damage to the iron-sulfur protein subunit of electron transport complex III. Arch Biochem Biophys 385: 117-128.
    • (2001) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.385 , pp. 117-128
    • Lesnefsky, E.J.1    Gudz, T.I.2    Migita, C.T.3    Ikeda-Saito, M.4    Hassan, M.O.5    Turkaly, P.J.6    Hoppel, C.L.7
  • 74
    • 0028827252 scopus 로고
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase
    • LI Y ET AL. 1995. Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase. Nat Genet 11: 376-381.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 376-381
    • Li, Y.1
  • 75
    • 0036624058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent signaling pathways converge on GATA4 to regulate cardiac hypertrophic gene expression
    • LIANG Q AND MOLKENTIN JD. 2002. Divergent signaling pathways converge on GATA4 to regulate cardiac hypertrophic gene expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 34: 611-616.
    • (2002) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 611-616
    • Liang, Q.1    Molkentin, J.D.2
  • 77
    • 0000466588 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory chain linked H(2)O(2) production in pigeon heart mitochondria
    • LOSCHEN G, FLOHE L AND CHANCE B. 1971. Respiratory chain linked H(2)O(2) production in pigeon heart mitochondria. FEBS Lett 18: 261-264.
    • (1971) FEBS Lett , vol.18 , pp. 261-264
    • Loschen, G.1    Flohe, L.2    Chance, B.3
  • 78
    • 0032582202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac dysautonomia and pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease
    • MARIN-NETO JA. 1998. Cardiac dysautonomia and pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease. Int J Cardiol 66: 129-131.
    • (1998) Int J Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 129-131
    • Marin-Neto, J.A.1
  • 79
    • 0034011261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxyradicals and DNA damage
    • MARNETT LJ. 2000. Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis 21: 361-370.
    • (2000) Carcinogenesis , vol.21 , pp. 361-370
    • Marnett, L.J.1
  • 80
    • 0036260697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular response to oxidative stress: Signaling for suicide and survival
    • MARTINDALE JL AND HOLBROOK NJ. 2002. Cellular response to oxidative stress: signaling for suicide and survival. J Cell Physiol 192: 1-15.
    • (2002) J Cell Physiol , vol.192 , pp. 1-15
    • Martindale, J.L.1    Holbrook, N.J.2
  • 81
    • 0031670153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
    • MARTINS G A, CARDOSO MA, ALIBERTI JC AND SILVA JS. 1998. Nitric oxide-induced apoptotic cell death in the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Immunol Lett 63: 113-120.
    • (1998) Immunol Lett , vol.63 , pp. 113-120
    • Martins, G.A.1    Cardoso, C.2    Aliberti, J.C.3    Silva, J.S.4
  • 82
    • 0032699683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function in hypertension: The role of superoxide anion
    • MCINTYRE M, BOHR DF AND DOMINICZAK AF. 1999. Endothelial function in hypertension: the role of superoxide anion. Hypertension 34: 539-545.
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.34 , pp. 539-545
    • Mcintyre, M.1    Bohr, D.F.2    Dominiczak, A.F.3
  • 83
    • 0027977240 scopus 로고
    • Substrate-dependent effects of calcium on rat retinal mitochondrial respiration: Physiological and toxicological studies
    • MEDRANO CJ AND Fox DA. 1994. Substrate-dependent effects of calcium on rat retinal mitochondrial respiration: physiological and toxicological studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 125: 309-321.
    • (1994) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.125 , pp. 309-321
    • Medrano, C.J.1    Fox, D.A.2
  • 84
    • 0032528756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs: 11 cases (1987-1996)
    • MEURS KM, ANTHONY MA, SLATER M AND MILLER MW. 1998. Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs: 11 cases (1987-1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213: 497-500.
    • (1998) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.213 , pp. 497-500
    • Meurs, K.M.1    Anthony, A.2    Slater, M.3    Miller, M.W.4
  • 85
    • 0242323318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americantrypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
    • (Cook G and Zumla A Eds), Elsevier Science, London
    • MILES M.2003. Americantrypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). In: Manson's tropical disease, 2nd Ed. (Cook G and Zumla A Eds), Elsevier Science, London, p. 1325-1337.
    • (2003) Manson's Tropical Disease, 2nd Ed. , pp. 1325-1337
    • Miles, M.1
  • 86
    • 0023183276 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of poly-clonal antibody production in Trypanosoma cruziinfected mice by treatment with anti-L3T4 antibodies
    • MINOPRIO P, EISEN H, JOSKOWICZ M, PEREIRA P AND COUTINHO A. 1987. Suppression of poly-clonal antibody production in Trypanosoma cruziinfected mice by treatment with anti-L3T4 antibodies. J Immunol 139: 545-550.
    • (1987) J Immunol , vol.139 , pp. 545-550
    • Minoprio, P.1    Eisen, H.2    Joskowicz, M.3    Pereira, P.4    Coutinho, A.5
  • 87
    • 0033068028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of endothelin in the cardiovascular system
    • MIYAUCHI T AND MASAKI T. 1999. Pathophysiology of endothelin in the cardiovascular system. Annu Rev Physiol 61: 391-415.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.61 , pp. 391-415
    • Miyauchi, T.1    Masaki, T.2
  • 88
    • 0034973073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular tools and triatomine systematics: A public health perspective
    • MONTEIRO FA, ESCALANTE AA AND BEARD CB. 2001. Molecular tools and triatomine systematics: a public health perspective. Trends Parasitol 17: 344-347.
    • (2001) Trends Parasitol , vol.17 , pp. 344-347
    • Monteiro, F.A.1    Escalante, A.A.2    Beard, C.B.3
  • 89
    • 0032849052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging Trypanosoma cruzi within tissues from chagasic patients using confocal microscopy with monoclonal antibodies
    • MORTARA RA ET AL. 1999. Imaging Trypanosoma cruzi within tissues from chagasic patients using confocal microscopy with monoclonal antibodies. Parasitol Res 85: 800-808.
    • (1999) Parasitol Res , vol.85 , pp. 800-808
    • Mortara, R.A.1
  • 90
    • 31044453879 scopus 로고
    • The pathologic lesions of the cardiac autonomic nervous system inchronic chagas' myocarditis
    • MOTT KE AND HAGSTROM JW. 1965. The Pathologic Lesions of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System inChronic Chagas' Myocarditis. Circulation 31: 273286.
    • (1965) Circulation , vol.31 , pp. 273286
    • Mott, K.E.1    Hagstrom, J.W.2
  • 91
    • 0018252098 scopus 로고
    • House construction, triatomine distribution, and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil
    • MOTT KE, MUNIZ TM, LEHMAN JR JS, HOFF R, MORROW JR RH, DE OLIVEIRA TS, SHERLOCK I AND DRAPER CC. 1978. House construction, triatomine distribution, and household distribution of seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 1116-1122.
    • (1978) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.27 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Mott, K.E.1    Muniz, T.M.2    Lehman, J.R.J.S.3    Hoff, R.4    Morrow, J.R.R.H.5    De Oliveira, T.S.6    Sherlock, I.7    Draper, C.C.8
  • 92
    • 10744221918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression in a murine model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy
    • MUKHERJEE S ET AL. 2003. Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression in a murine model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Parasitol Res 91: 187-196.
    • (2003) Parasitol Res , vol.91 , pp. 187-196
    • Mukherjee, S.1
  • 93
    • 0141510019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage to mitochondrial complex i due to peroxynitrite: Identification of reactive tyrosines by mass spectrometry
    • MURRAY J, TAYLOR SW, ZHANG B, GHOSH SS AND CAPALDI RA. 2003. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial complex I due to peroxynitrite: identification of reactive tyrosines by mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 278: 37223-37230.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 37223-37230
    • Murray, J.1    Taylor, S.W.2    Zhang, B.3    Ghosh, S.S.4    Capaldi, R.A.5
  • 94
    • 0018141760 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi: In vitro induction of macrophage microbicidal activity
    • NOGUEIRA N AND COHN ZA. 1978. Trypanosoma cruzi: in vitro induction of macrophage microbicidal activity. J Exp Med 148: 288-300.
    • (1978) J Exp Med , vol.148 , pp. 288-300
    • Nogueira, N.1    Cohn, Z.A.2
  • 95
    • 0035584857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system
    • NORDBERG J AND ARNER ES. 2001. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radic Biol Med 31: 1287-1312.
    • (2001) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.31 , pp. 1287-1312
    • Nordberg, J.1    Arner, E.S.2
  • 96
    • 0029905487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmortem diagnosis of autochthonous acute chagasic myocarditis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a species-specific DNA sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • OCHS DE, HNILICA VS, MOSER DR, SMITH JH AND KIRCHHOFF LV. 1996. Postmortem diagnosis of autochthonous acute chagasic myocarditis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a species-specific DNA sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 526-529.
    • (1996) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.54 , pp. 526-529
    • Ochs, D.E.1    Hnilica, V.S.2    Moser, D.R.3    Smith, J.H.4    Kirchhoff, L.V.5
  • 97
    • 0022219514 scopus 로고
    • A natural human model of intrinsic heart nervous system denervation: Chagas' cardiopathy
    • OLIVEIRA JS. 1985. A natural human model of intrinsic heart nervous system denervation: Chagas' cardiopathy. Am Heart J 110: 1092-1098.
    • (1985) Am Heart J , vol.110 , pp. 1092-1098
    • Oliveira, J.S.1
  • 98
    • 0024375879 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural characteristics of different stages of human chagasic myocarditis
    • PALACIOS-PRU E, CARRASCO H, SCORZA C AND ESPINOZA R. 1989. Ultrastructural characteristics of different stages of human chagasic myocarditis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41:29-40.
    • (1989) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.41 , pp. 29-40
    • Palacios-Pru, E.1    Carrasco, H.2    Scorza, C.3    Espinoza, R.4
  • 99
    • 0030880285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential oxidation of cardiac mitochondrial DNA following acute intoxication with doxorubicin
    • PALMEIRA CM, SERRANO J, KUEHL DW AND WALLACE KB. 1997. Preferential oxidation of cardiac mitochondrial DNA following acute intoxication with doxorubicin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1321: 101-106.
    • (1997) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1321 , pp. 101-106
    • Palmeira, C.M.1    Serrano, J.2    Kuehl, D.W.3    Wallace, K.B.4
  • 101
    • 0030803050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac involvement is a constant finding in acute Chagas' disease: A clinical, parasitological and histopathological study
    • PARADA H, CARRASCO HA, ANEZ N, FUENMAYOR C AND INGLESSIS I. 1997. Cardiac involvement is a constant finding in acute Chagas' disease: a clinical, parasitological and histopathological study. Int J Cardiol 60: 49-54.
    • (1997) Int J Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 49-54
    • Parada, H.1    Carrasco, H.A.2    Anez, N.3    Fuenmayor, C.4    Inglessis, I.5
  • 102
    • 0242417521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of chronic Chagas disease is associated with cytokine/antioxidant imbalance in chronically infected individuals
    • PEREZ-FUENTES R ET AL. 2003. Severity of chronic Chagas disease is associated with cytokine/antioxidant imbalance in chronically infected individuals. Int J Parasitol 33: 293-299.
    • (2003) Int J Parasitol , vol.33 , pp. 293-299
    • Perez-Fuentes, R.1
  • 104
    • 0033744702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial expression of endothelin-1 in murine Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • PETKOVA SB ET AL. 2000b. Myocardial expression of endothelin-1 in murine Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Cardiovasc Pathol 9: 257-265.
    • (2000) Cardiovasc Pathol , vol.9 , pp. 257-265
    • Petkova, S.B.1
  • 105
    • 0035339909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease
    • PETKOVA SB ET AL. 2001. The role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease. Int J Parasitol 31: 499-511.
    • (2001) Int J Parasitol , vol.31 , pp. 499-511
    • Petkova, S.B.1
  • 106
    • 85047676154 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial function in the oxygen depleted and reoxygenated myocardial cell
    • PIPER HM, NOLL T AND SIEGMUND B. 1994. Mitochondrial function in the oxygen depleted and reoxygenated myocardial cell. Cardiovasc Res 28: 1-15.
    • (1994) Cardiovasc Res , vol.28 , pp. 1-15
    • Piper, H.M.1    Noll, T.2    Siegmund, B.3
  • 107
    • 0036525519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental chronic Chagas' disease myocarditis is an autoimmune disease preventable by induction of immunological tolerance to myocardial antigens
    • PONTES-DE-CARVALHO L, SANTANA CC, SOARES MB, OLIVEIRA GG, CUNHA-NETO E AND RIBEIRO-DOS-SANTOS R. 2002. Experimental chronic Chagas' disease myocarditis is an autoimmune disease preventable by induction of immunological tolerance to myocardial antigens. J Autoimmun 18: 131-138.
    • (2002) J Autoimmun , vol.18 , pp. 131-138
    • Pontes-De-Carvalho, L.1    Santana, C.C.2    Soares, M.B.3    Oliveira, G.G.4    Cunha-Neto, E.5    Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, R.6
  • 109
    • 0343145700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in situ quantitative immunohistochemical study of cytokines and IL-2R+ in chronic human chagasic myocarditis: Correlation with the presence of myocardial Trypanosoma cruzi antigens
    • REIS MM, HIGUCHI MDL, BENVENUTI LA, AIELLO VD, GUTIERREZ PS, BELLOTTI G AND PILEGGI F. 1997. An in situ quantitative immunohistochemical study of cytokines and IL-2R+ in chronic human chagasic myocarditis: correlation with the presence of myocardial Trypanosoma cruzi antigens. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 83: 165-172.
    • (1997) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.83 , pp. 165-172
    • Reis, M.M.1    Higuchi, M.D.L.2    Benvenuti, L.A.3    Aiello, V.D.4    Gutierrez, P.S.5    Bellotti, G.6    Pileggi, F.7
  • 110
    • 0036592554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive Chagas' cardiomyopathy is associated with low selenium levels
    • RIVERA MT ET AL. 2002. Progressive Chagas' cardiomyopathy is associated with low selenium levels. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 706-712.
    • (2002) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.66 , pp. 706-712
    • Rivera, M.T.1
  • 111
    • 0028203330 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of patients with Chagas' disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • ROCHA A ET AL. 1994. Pathology of patients with Chagas' disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 261-268.
    • (1994) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.50 , pp. 261-268
    • Rocha, A.1
  • 112
    • 0742283917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy
    • ROCHA MO, RIBEIRO AL AND TEIXEIRA MM. 2003. Clinical management of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Front Biosci 8: e44-54.
    • (2003) Front Biosci , vol.8
    • Rocha, M.O.1    Ribeiro, A.L.2    Teixeira, M.M.3
  • 113
    • 0030003390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary microvascular abnormalities in Chagas' disease
    • ROSSI MA AND RAMOS SG. 1996. Coronary microvascular abnormalities in Chagas' disease. Am Heart J 132: 207-210.
    • (1996) Am Heart J , vol.132 , pp. 207-210
    • Rossi, M.A.1    Ramos, S.G.2
  • 114
    • 17444440346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas' heart disease: Clinical-pathological correlation
    • ROSSI MA, RAMOS SG AND BESTETTI RB. 2003. Chagas' heart disease: clinical-pathological correlation. Front Biosci 8: e94-109.
    • (2003) Front Biosci , vol.8
    • Rossi, M.A.1    Ramos, S.G.2    Bestetti, R.B.3
  • 117
    • 0027397963 scopus 로고
    • Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in a patient with conduction block
    • SATO W ET AL. 1993. Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in a patient with conduction block. Am Heart J 125: 550-552.
    • (1993) Am Heart J , vol.125 , pp. 550-552
    • Sato, W.1
  • 119
    • 0032463396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Southern Cone Initiative against Chagas disease
    • SCHOFIELD CJ AND DIAS JC. 1999. The Southern Cone Initiative against Chagas disease. Adv Parasitol 42: 1-27.
    • (1999) Adv Parasitol , vol.42 , pp. 1-27
    • Schofield, C.J.1    Dias, J.C.2
  • 121
    • 0032961434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioselective and cumulative oxidation of mitochondrial DNA following subchronic doxorubicin administration
    • SERRANO J, PALMEIRA CM, KUEHL DW AND WALLACE KB. 1999. Cardioselective and cumulative oxidation of mitochondrial DNA following subchronic doxorubicin administration. Biochim Biophys Acta 1411: 201-205.
    • (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1411 , pp. 201-205
    • Serrano, J.1    Palmeira, C.M.2    Kuehl, D.W.3    Wallace, K.B.4
  • 122
    • 0010978911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathology of cardiomyopathy in the experimental Chagas disease
    • SOARES MB AND SANTOS RR. 1999. Immunopathology of cardiomyopathy in the experimental Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94: 257-262.
    • (1999) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.94 , pp. 257-262
    • Soares, M.B.1    Santos, R.R.2
  • 123
    • 0035654616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesisof Chagas' disease: When autoimmune and parasite-specific immune responses meet
    • SOARES MB, PONTES-DE-CARVALHO L AND RIBEIRO-DOS-SANTOS R. 2001. The pathogenesisof Chagas' disease: when autoimmune and parasite-specific immune responses meet. An Acad Bras Cienc 73: 547-559.
    • (2001) An Acad Bras Cienc , vol.73 , pp. 547-559
    • Soares, M.B.1    Pontes-De-Carvalho, L.2    Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, R.3
  • 124
    • 0026760937 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine gene expression of endothelial cells infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
    • TANOWITZ HB ET AL. 1992. Cytokine gene expression of endothelial cells infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. J Infect Dis 166: 598-603.
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.166 , pp. 598-603
    • Tanowitz, H.B.1
  • 125
    • 0025117462 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of CD8+ T cells increases susceptibility and reverses vaccine-induced immunity in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
    • TARLETON RL. 1990. Depletion of CD8+ T cells increases susceptibility and reverses vaccine-induced immunity in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol 144: 717-724.
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 717-724
    • Tarleton, R.L.1
  • 126
    • 0026536194 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice to Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • TARLETON RL, KOLLER BH, LATOUR A AND POSTAN M. 1992. Susceptibility of beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Nature 356: 338-340.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 338-340
    • Tarleton, R.L.1    Koller, B.H.2    Latour, A.3    Postan, M.4
  • 128
    • 0030003141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in mitochondrial DNA and enzyme activities in hypertrophied myocardium of stroke-prone SHRS
    • TOKORO T, ITO H AND SUZUKI T. 1996. Alterations in mitochondrial DNA and enzyme activities in hypertrophied myocardium of stroke-prone SHRS. Clin Exp Hypertens 18: 595-606.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 595-606
    • Tokoro, T.1    Ito, H.2    Suzuki, T.3
  • 129
    • 0025829971 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous IFN-gamma is required for resistance to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice
    • TORRICO F, HEREMANS H, RIVERA MT, VAN MARCK E, BILLIAU A AND CARLIER Y. 1991. Endogenous IFN-gamma is required for resistance to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. J Immunol 146: 3626-3632.
    • (1991) J Immunol , vol.146 , pp. 3626-3632
    • Torrico, F.1    Heremans, H.2    Rivera, M.T.3    Van Marck, E.4    Billiau, A.5    Carlier, Y.6
  • 130
    • 0142150051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species
    • TURRENS JF. 2003. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 552: 335-344.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.552 , pp. 335-344
    • Turrens, J.F.1
  • 131
    • 1642504719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses: A target for the treatment of diseases caused by parasitic protozoa
    • TURRENS JF. 2004. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses: a target for the treatment of diseases caused by parasitic protozoa. Mol Aspects Med 25: 211-220.
    • (2004) Mol Aspects Med , vol.25 , pp. 211-220
    • Turrens, J.F.1
  • 132
    • 0026606054 scopus 로고
    • Modification of histidine residues in proteins by reaction with 4hydroxynonenal
    • UCHIDA K AND STADTMAN ER. 1992. Modification of histidine residues in proteins by reaction with 4hydroxynonenal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 4544-4548.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 4544-4548
    • Uchida, K.1    Stadtman, E.R.2
  • 134
    • 0028810404 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of heart mitochondria during acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats
    • UYEMURA SA, ALBUQUERQUE S AND CURTI C. 1995. Energetics of heart mitochondria during acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 27: 1183-1189.
    • (1995) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.27 , pp. 1183-1189
    • Uyemura, S.A.1    Albuquerque, S.2    Curti, C.3
  • 137
    • 0028051548 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide is involved in control of Trypanosoma cruziinduced parasitemia and directly kills the parasite in vitro
    • VESPA GN, CUNHA FQ AND SILVA JS. 1994. Nitric oxide is involved in control of Trypanosoma cruziinduced parasitemia and directly kills the parasite in vitro. Infect Immun 62: 5177-5182.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 5177-5182
    • Vespa, G.N.1    Cunha, F.Q.2    Silva, J.S.3
  • 138
    • 0027955005 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic Chagas' disease with benznidazole: Clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up
    • VIOTTI R, VIGLIANO C, ARMENTI H AND SEGURA E. 1994. Treatment of chronic Chagas' disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up. Am Heart J 127: 151-162.
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.127 , pp. 151-162
    • Viotti, R.1    Vigliano, C.2    Armenti, H.3    Segura, E.4
  • 139
    • 2942657366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain and bioenergetics during chagasic cardiomyopathy development
    • VYATKINA G, BHATIA V, GERSTNER A, PAPACON-STANTINOU J AND GARG N. 2004. Impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain and bioenergetics during chagasic cardiomyopathy development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1689: 162-173.
    • (2004) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1689 , pp. 162-173
    • Vyatkina, G.1    Bhatia, V.2    Gerstner, A.3    Papacon-Stantinou, J.4    Garg, N.5
  • 140
    • 0033981680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial defects in cardiomyopathy and neuromuscular disease
    • WALLACE DC. 2000. Mitochondrial defects in cardiomyopathy and neuromuscular disease. Am Heart J 139: S70-85.
    • (2000) Am Heart J , vol.139 , pp. 70-85
    • Wallace, D.C.1
  • 141
    • 8544265309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative modifications of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in response to the stress of Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • WEN J-J AND GARG N. 2004. Oxidative modifications of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in response to the stress of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Free Radic Biol Med 37: 2072-2081.
    • (2004) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.37 , pp. 2072-2081
    • Wen, J.-J.1    Garg, N.2
  • 142
    • 7444235856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage during chagasic cardiomyopathy development: Role of mitochondrial oxidant release and inefficient antioxidant defense
    • WEN J-J, VYATKINA G AND GARG N. 2004. Oxidative damage during chagasic cardiomyopathy development: Role of mitochondrial oxidant release and inefficient antioxidant defense. Free Radic Biol Med 37: 1821-1833.
    • (2004) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.37 , pp. 1821-1833
    • Wen, J.-J.1    Vyatkina, G.2    Garg, N.3
  • 143
    • 0032561328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative damage is correlated to altered mitochondrial function in heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knockout mice
    • WILLIAMS MD, VAN REMMEN H, CONRAD CC, HUANG TT, EPSTEIN CJ AND RICHARDSON A. 1998. Increased oxidative damage is correlated to altered mitochondrial function in heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knockout mice. J Biol Chem 273: 28510-28515.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 28510-28515
    • Williams, M.D.1    Van Remmen, H.2    Conrad, C.C.3    Huang, T.T.4    Epstein, C.J.5    Richardson, A.6
  • 145
    • 0028893593 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi induces endothelin release from endothelial cells
    • WITTNER M ET AL. 1995. Trypanosoma cruzi induces endothelin release from endothelial cells. J Infect Dis 171: 493-497.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 493-497
    • Wittner, M.1
  • 146
    • 0031573518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase family members as targets of protective CD8+ TC1 responses
    • WIZEL B, NUNES M AND TARLETON RL. 1997. Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase family members as targets of protective CD8+ TC1 responses. J Immunol 159: 6120-6130.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 6120-6130
    • Wizel, B.1    Nunes, M.2    Tarleton, R.L.3
  • 147
    • 0032425402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination with trypomastigote surface antigen 1-encoding plasmid DNA confers protection against lethal Trypanosoma cruzi infection
    • WIZEL B, GARG N AND TARLETON RL. 1998. Vaccination with trypomastigote surface antigen 1-encoding plasmid DNA confers protection against lethal Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Infect Immun 66: 5073-5081.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 5073-5081
    • Wizel, B.1    Garg, N.2    Tarleton, R.L.3
  • 149
    • 0036369332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in raccoons from South Carolina and Georgia
    • YABSLEY MJ AND NOBLET GP. 2002. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in raccoons from South Carolina and Georgia. J Wildl Dis 38: 75-83.
    • (2002) J Wildl Dis , vol.38 , pp. 75-83
    • Yabsley, M.J.1    Noblet, G.P.2
  • 151
    • 0043172469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxynonenal as a bioactive marker of pathophysiological processes
    • ZARKOVIC N. 2003. 4-Hydroxynonenal as a bioactive marker of pathophysiological processes. Mol Aspects Med 24: 281-291.
    • (2003) Mol Aspects Med , vol.24 , pp. 281-291
    • Zarkovic, N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.