Predicting expatriate job performance for selection purposes: A quantitative review

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 590-620

  Mol, Stefan T ^a   Born, Marise Ph ^a   Willemsen, Madde E ^b   Van Der Molen, Henk T ^a,c  

^a ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b GITP International B V ^*

^c OPEN UNIVERSITY OF THE NETHERLANDS   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Big Five; Criteria; Criterion; Expatriate; Job performance; Meta analysis; Predictive validity; Selection

Indexed keywords

EID: 24944481759     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022105278544     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Ali, A. J. (2003). The intercultural adaptation of expatriate spouses and children: An empirical study on the determinants contributing to the success of expatriation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, Groningen.
2. Arthur, W., & Bennett, W. (1995). The international assignee: The relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 99-114.
3. Arthur, W., & Bennett, W. (1997). A comparative test of alternative models of international assignee job performance. In D. M. Saunders (Ed.), New approaches to employee management, Vol. 4: Expatriate management: Theory and research (pp. 141-172). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
4. Austin, J. T., & Villanova, P. (1992). The criterion problem: 1917-1992. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(6), 836-874.
5. Aycan, Z. (1997). Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: Individual and organizational level predictors. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(4), 434-456.
6. Aycan, Z., & Kanungo, R. N. (1997). Current issues and future challenges in expatriate management. In Z. Aycan (Ed.), New approaches to employee management (Vol. 4, pp. 245-260). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
7. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
8. Bell, M. P., & Harrison, D. A. (2002). Using intra-national diversity for international assignments: A model of bicultural competence and expatriate adjustment. Human Resource Management Review, 6(1), 47-74.
9. Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2005). Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment: Meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions. Academy of Management Journal, 48(2), 257-281.
10. Binning, J. F., & Barrett, G. V. (1989). Validity of personnel decisions: A conceptual analysis of the inferential and evidential bases. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 478-494.
11. Black, J. S. (1988). Work role transitions: A study of American expatriates in Japan. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(2), 277-293.
12. Black, J. S. (1990). The relationship of personal characteristics with the adjustment of Japanese expatriate managers. Management International Review, 30(2), 119-134.
13. Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1999). The right way to manage expats. Harvard Business Review, 77(2), 52-61.
14. Black, J. S., & Porter, L. W. (1991). Managerial behaviors and job performance: A successful manager in Los Angeles may not succeed in Hong Kong. Journal of International Business Studies, 22(1), 99-113.
15. Bolino, M. C., & Feldman, D. C. (2000). The antecedents and consequences of underemployment among expatriates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(8), 889-911.
16. Brannick, M. T. (2004). Correlations. Retrieved March 30, 2004, from http://luna.cas.usf.edu/mbrannic/files/regression/14%20Correlation.ppt
17. Brislin, R. W. (1981). Cross-cultural encounters: Face-to-face interaction. New York: Pergamon.
18. Caligiuri, P. (1996). Individual characteristics related to effective performance in cross-cultural work settings. Unpublished dissertation.
19. Caligiuri, P. (1997). Assessing expatriate success: Beyond just "being there." In Z. Aycan (Ed.), New approaches to employee management (Vol. 4, pp. 117-140). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
20. Caligiuri, P. (2000). The Big Five personality characteristics as predictors of expatriate's desire to terminate the assignment and supervisor-rated performance. Personnel Psychology, 53(1), 67-88.
21. Caligiuri, P., & Day, D. V. (2000). Effects of self-monitoring on technical, contextual, and assignment-specific performance. Group & Organization Management, 25(2), 154-174.
22. Caligiuri, P., Hyland, M. M., Joshi, A., & Bross, A. S. (1998). Testing a theoretical model for examining the relationship between family adjustment and expatriates' work adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 598-614.
23. Caligiuri, P., & Tung, R. L. (1999). Comparing the success of male and female expatriates from a US-based multinational company. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(5), 763-782.
24. Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15.
25. Church, A. T. (2000). Culture and personality: Toward an integrated cultural trait psychology. Journal of Personality, 68(4), 651-703.
26. Clegg, B., & Gray, S. J. (2002). Australian expatriates in Thailand: Some insight for expatriate management policies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(4), 598-623.
27. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO PI Personality Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
28. Dalton, M., & Wilson, M. (2000). The relationship of the five-factor model of personality to job performance for a group of Middle Eastern expatriate managers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(2), 250-258.
29. Deller, J. (1997). Expatriate selection: Possibilities and limitations of using personality scales. In D. M. Saunders (Ed.). New approaches to employee management (Vol. 4, pp. 93-116). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
30. Deller, J. (2000). Interkulturelle eignungsdiagnostik: Zur Verwendbarkeit vonpersonlichkeitsskalen [Intercultural selection diagnostics: On the utility of personality scales]. Waldsteinberg: Heidrun Popp Verlag.
31. Deshpande, S. P., & Viswesvaran, C. (1992). Is cross-cultural training of expatriate managers effective: A metaanalysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(3), 295-310.
32. Dunn, W. S., Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Ones, D. S. (1995). Relative importance of personality and general mental ability in managers' judgments of applicant qualifications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(4), 500-509.
33. Feldman, D. C., & Thomas, D. C. (1992). Career management issues facing expatriates. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(2), 271-294.
34. Fernandez, de Cueto, J. (2004). Validity of context-specific versus broad characteristics in international assignments. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago, Illinois.
35. Furnham, A., & Stringfield, P. (1993). Personality and work performance: Meyers-Briggs type indicator correlates of managerial performance in two cultures. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 145-153.
36. Gelles, R. S. (1996). Expatriate adjustment and performance, and spouse adjustment. Unpublished dissertation. United States International University, San Diego, California.
37. Gregersen, H. B., Hite, J. M., & Black, J. S. (1996). Expatriate performance appraisal in U.S. multinational firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(4), 711-738.
38. Grösch, N. (2004). Validation of biodata inventory for expatriate selection: Assessing cross-cultural adaptability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.
39. Gross, A. M. (2002). Using personality testing in international personnel selection. Unpublished dissertation, Antioch University/New England Graduate School, Keene, New Hampshire.
40. Gudykunst, W. B., & Hammer, M. R. (1984). Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: Culture specific or culture general? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 8(1), 1-10.
41. Guthrie, G., & Zektick, I. (1967). Predicting performance in the Peace Corps. Journal of Social Psychology, 71, 11-21.
42. Hannigan, T. P. (1990). Traits, attitudes, and skills that are related to intercultural effectiveness and their implications for cross-cultural training: A review of the literature. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 89-111.
43. Harris, M. M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1988). A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 43-62.
44. Harrison, D. A., & Shaffer, M. A. (2001, August). Mapping the criterion space for expatriate success: Task- and relationship-based performance, effort and adaptation. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Meetings, Washington, DC.
45. Harzing, A-W. K. (2002). Anne-Wil Harzing literature database. Retrieved July 27, 2003, from http://www.harzing.com/resources.htm
46. Hawes, F., & Kealey, D. J. (1979). Canadians in development: An empirical study of adaptation and effectiveness on overseas assignment. Communication branch briefing center, Canadian International Development Agency.
47. Hechanova, R., Beehr, T. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of employees' adjustment to overseas assignment: A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52(2), 213-236.
48. Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. New York: Academic Press.
49. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
50. Hogan, R. T., & Roberts, B. W. (2001). Introduction: Personality and industrial and organizational psychology. In R. T. Hogan & B. W. Roberts (Eds.), Personality psychology in the workplace (pp. 3-18). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
51. Hough, L. M., & Dunnette, M. D. (1992). US managers abroad: What it takes to succeed. Paper presented at the symposium, "Expatriate assignments: Identifying candidates, managing retention, and strategic roles," conducted at the 52nd annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Las Vegas, Nevada.
52. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Corrected error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
53. Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L., & Jackson, G. B. (1982). Meta-analysis: Cumulating re search findings across studies. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
54. Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000). Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 869-879.
55. Jordan, J., & Cartwright, S. (1998). Selecting expatriate managers: Key traits and competencies. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 19(2), 89-96.
56. Kealey, D. J. (1996). The challenge of international personnel selection. In D. Landis & R. S. Bhagat (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 81-105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
57. Kealey, D. J., & Protheroe, D. R. (1996). The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates: An assessment of the literature on the issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(2), 141-165.
58. Kealey, D. J., & Ruben, B. D. (1983). Cross-cultural personnel selection: Criteria, issues, and methods. In D. Landis & R. Brislin (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (Vol. 1, pp. 155-175). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
59. Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Jaworski, R. A. (2001). Sources of support and expatriate performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71-99.
60. Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
61. Leiba-O' Sullivan, S. (1999). The distinction between stable and dynamic cross-cultural competencies: Implications for expatriate trainability. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 709-725.
62. Leslie, J., Dalton, M., Ernst, C., & Deal, J. (2002). Managerial effectiveness in a global context. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
63. Liu, K. (2003). The factors of effecting adjustment and expatriate performance for military officers expatriate training. Unpublished thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
64. Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1985). The dimensions of expatriate acculturation: A review. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 39-47.
65. Mischel, W. (1965). Predicting the success of Peace Corps volunteers in Nigeria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1(5), 510-517.
66. Mischel, W. (1968). Personality assessment. New York: Wiley.
67. Mol, S. T., Born, M. P., & Van der Molen, H. T. (2003). Developing criteria for expatriate effectiveness: Time to jump off the adjustment bandwagon. Manuscript submitted for publication.
68. Morris, M. A., & Robie, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the effects of cross-cultural training on expatriate performance and adjustment. International Journal of Training and Development, 5, 112-125.
69. Motowidlo, S. J., & Schmitt, M. J. (1999). Performance assessment in unique jobs. In D. R. Ilgen & E. D. Pulakos (Eds.), The changing nature of performance: Implications for staffing (pp. 56-86). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
70. Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Strauss, J. P. (1994). Validity of observer ratings of the Big Five personality factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(2), 272-280.
71. Oddou, G., & Mendenhall, M. (1991). Expatriate performance appraisal: Problems and solutions. In M. Mendenhall & G. Oddou (Eds.), Readings and cases in international human resource management (pp. 364-374). Boston: PWS-Kent.
72. Ones, D. S., & Anderson, N. (2002). Gender and ethnic group differences on personality scales in selection: Some British data. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 255-276.
73. Ones, D. S., Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Hunter, J. E. (1994). Personality and job performance: A critique of the Tett, Jackson, & Rothstein (1991) meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 47, 147-156.
74. Ones, D. S., & Viswesvaran, C. (1997). Personality determinants in the prediction of expatriate job success. In Z. Aycan (Ed.), Expatriate management: Theory and research (Vol. 4, pp. 63-92). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
75. Ones, D. S., & Viswesvaran, C. (1999). Relative importance of personality dimensions for expatriate selection: A policy capturing study. Human Performance, 72(3-4), 275-294.
76. Parker, B., & McEvoy, G. M. (1993). Initial examination of a model of intercultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 17(3), 355-379.
77. Ployhart, R. E., Weichmann, D., Schmitt, N., Sacco, J. M., & Rogg, K. (2002). The cross-cultural equivalence of job performance ratings. Human Performance, 16(1), 49-80.
78. Robertson, I. T., & Smith, M. (2001). Personnel selection. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(4), 441-472.
79. Robinson, C., & Williams, K. J. (2003). Predicting expatriate success through social cognitive theory. Paper presented at the 18th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, Florida.
80. Ronen, S. (1989). Training the international assignee. In I. L. Goldstein (Ed.), Training and development in organizations (pp. 417-454). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
81. Rothstein, H. R., McDaniel, M. A., & Borenstein, M. (2002). Meta-analysis: A review of the quantitative cumulation methods. In F. Drasgow & N. Schmitt (Eds.), Measuring and analyzing behavior in organizations: Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 534-571). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
82. Salgado, J. F. (1997). The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 30-43.
83. Salgado, J. F., Moscoso, S., & Lado, M. (2003). Evidence of cross-cultural invariance of the Big Five personality dimensions in work settings. European Journal of Personality, 77(S1), S67-S76.
84. Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1977). Development of a general solution to the problem of validity generalization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 529-540.
85. Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 262-274.
86. Schneider, K. (1997). Transpatriate success factors: A concurrent validation study in China. Unpublished dissertation, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
87. Schwarzer, R. (1989a). Manual. Retrieved July 22, 2003, from http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/health/meta_e.htm
88. Schwarzer, R. (1989b). Statistics Software for Meta-Analysis 5.3. Retrieved July 22, 2003, from http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/health/meta_e.htm
89. Shaffer, M. A., Ferzandi, L. A., Harrison, D. A., Gregersen, H. B., & Black, J. S. (2003). You can take it with you: Individual differences and expatriate effectiveness. Manuscript submitted for publication.
90. Sinangil, H. K., & Ones, D. S. (1997). Empirical investigations of the host country perspective in expatriate management. In Z. Aycan (Ed.). Expatriate management: Theory and research (Vol. 4, pp. 173-205). Greenwich. CT: JAI Press.
91. Sinangil, H. K., & Ones, D. S. (2001). Expatriate management. In N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinangil, & C. Viswesvaran (Eds.), Handbook of industrial, work & organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 425-443). London: Sage.
92. Sinangil, H. K., & Ones, D. S. (2003). Gender differences in expatriate job performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52(3), 461-475.
93. Stierle, C., Van Dick, R., & Wagner, U. (2002). Success or failure? Personality, family, and intercultural orientation as determinants of expatriate managers' success. Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie, 33(4), 209-218.
94. Stoffelmayr, B. E., Dillavou, D., & Hunter, J. E. (1983). Premorbid functioning and outcome in schizophrenia: A cumulative analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 338-352.
95. Tae, Y. Y., & Byung, M. M. (2002, April). A meta-analysis of the Big Five and performance in Korea. Paper presented at the 17th annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Toronto, Canada.
96. Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A metaanalytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44(4), 703-443.
97. Torbiorn, I. (1997). Staffing for international operations. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(3), 42-51.
98. Tsang, E.W.K. (2001). Adjustment of Mainland Chinese academics and students to Singapore. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(4), 347-372.
99. Tucker, M. F., Bonial, R., & Lahti, K. (2004). The definition, measurement and prediction of intercultural adjustment and job performance among corporate expatriates. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 221-251.
100. Tung, R. L. (1981). Selecting and training of personnel for overseas assignments. Columbia Journal of World Business, 16, 68-78.
101. Volmer, J., & Staufenbiel, T. (2003). Selecting trainees for overseas assignment: Test of a structured interview. Paper presented at the 11th European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology, Lisbon. Portugal.
102. Wang, X. (2001). Expatriate social support network, psychological well-being, and performance: A theoretical examination and an empirical test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
103. Warr, P. (Ed.). (1996). Psychology at work (4th ed.). London: Penguin Books.
104. Werner, S. (2002). Recent developments in international management research: A review of 20 top management journals. Journal of Management, 28(3), 277-305.
105. Whitener, E. M. (1990). Confusion of confidence intervals and credibility intervals in meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 557-574.