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••] this remarkable series of investigations provides direct evidence that dsRNA can target specific sequences (IESs) for deletion in Tetrahymena. These sequences are initially 'marked' by chromatin modifications and an Argonaute homologue is necessary for elimination. These studies lead to a model where sequences due for elimination are packaged in silent chromatin through an RNAi-related mechanism.
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This study indicates that Dicer is involved in mouse development because mice born with a homozygous deletion of the Dicer gene die at a very early stage of embryonic development.
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••]. This implies that an additional layer of complexity must operate at the silent mating type locus to lock in and maintain the silent state once established via RNAi.
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The authors investigate an inherited form of α-thalassemia in an individual where a deletion brings the LUC7L gene adjacent to the α-globin gene. Despite the presence of all known cis-regulatory elements, the α-globin gene is silenced. The authors develop a transgenic mouse model and show that the expression of an antisense RNA directed from LUC7L into the α-globin gene appears to be responsible for DNA methylation of the α-globin gene CpG island and thus its silencing in both affected individuals and the mouse model.
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Tufarelli C., Stanley J.A., Garrick D., Sharpe J.A., Ayyub H., Wood W.G., Higgs D.R. Transcription of antisense RNA leading to gene silencing and methylation as a novel cause of human genetic disease. Nat Genet. 34:2003;157-165 The authors investigate an inherited form of α-thalassemia in an individual where a deletion brings the LUC7L gene adjacent to the α-globin gene. Despite the presence of all known cis-regulatory elements, the α-globin gene is silenced. The authors develop a transgenic mouse model and show that the expression of an antisense RNA directed from LUC7L into the α-globin gene appears to be responsible for DNA methylation of the α-globin gene CpG island and thus its silencing in both affected individuals and the mouse model.
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