Post-mortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease;Postmortale diagnosestellung bei morbus Alzheimer: Stadiengliederungen der kennzeichnenden Hirnveränderungen

Pathologe

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 201-213

  Thal, D R ^a   Braak, H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

protein; A protein; Alzheimer's disease; Selective vulnerability; Staging

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; GLYCINE CLEAVAGE SYSTEM;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AUTOPSY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN AGGREGATION; REVIEW;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN; HUMANS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; SENILE PLAQUES;

EID: 18744400809     PISSN: 01728113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-004-0695-4     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Akiyama H, Tago H, Itagaki S, McGeer PL (1990) Occurrence of diffuse amyloid deposits in the presubicular parvopyramidal layer in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 79:537-544
2. Alzheimer A (1907) Ueber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde. Allg Zschr Psych 64:146-148
3. Arnold SE, Hyman BT, Flory J et al. (1991) The topographical and neuroanatomical distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 1:103-116
4. Bancher C, Braak H, Fischer P, Jellinger KA (1993) Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer lesions and intellectual status in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 162:179-182
5. Bancher C, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K et al. (1989) Immunoreactivity of neuronal lipofuscin with monoclonal antibodies to the amyloid beta-protein. Neurobiol Aging 10:125-132
6. Bancher C, Brunner C, Lassmann H et al. (1989) Tau and ubiquitin immunoreactivity at different stages of formation of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles. Prog Clin Biol Res 317:837-848
7. Bobinski M, Wegiel J, Tarnawski M et al. (1997) Relationships between regional neuronal loss and neurofibrillary changes in the hippocampal formation and duration and severity of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56:414-420
8. Bouras C, Hof PR, Giannakopoulos P et al. (1994) Regional distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of elderly patients: a quantitative evaluation of a one-year autopsy population from a geriatric hospital. Cereb Cortex 4:138-150
9. Braak E, Braak H, Mandelkow EM (1994) A sequence of cytoskeleton changes related to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. Acta Neuropathol 87:554-567
10. Braak H, Braak E (1988) Neuropil threads occur in dendrites of tangle-bearing nerve cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 14:39-44
11. Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82:239-259
12. Braak H, Braak E (1997) Frequency of stages of Alzheimer-related lesions in different age categories. Neurobiol Aging 18:351-357
13. Braak H, Braak E, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K (1986) Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer's disease: a third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Neurosci Lett 65:351-355
14. Callahan LM, Vaules WA, Coleman PD (1999) Quantitative decrease in synaptophysin message expression and increase in cathepsin D message expression in Alzheimer disease neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:275-287
15. Cummings BJ, Cotman CW (1995) Image analysis of beta-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease and relation to dementia severity. Lancet 346:1524-1528
16. Dickson DW (1997) The pathogenesis of senile plaques. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56:321-339
17. Duyckaerts C, Dickson DW (2003) Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. In: Dickson D (ed) Neurodegeneration: the molecular pathology of dementia and movement disorders. ISN Neuropath Press, Basel, pp 47-65
18. Esiri MM, Hyman BT, Beyreuther K, Masters CL (1997) Ageing and Dementia. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL (eds) Greenfields neuropathology, 6th edition. Arnold, London, pp 153-233
19. Glenner GG, Wong CW (1984) Alzheimer's disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120:885-890
20. Goedert M (1993) Tau protein and the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 16:460-465
21. Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Jakes R et al. (1989) Multiple isoforms of human microtubule-associated protein tau: sequences and localization in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 3:519-526
22. Gold G, Kovari E, Corte G et al. (2001) Clinical validity of A beta-protein deposition staging in brain aging and Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:946-952
23. Gouras GK, Tsai J, Naslund J et al. (2000) Intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation in human brain. Am J Pathol 156:15-20
24. Greenberg SM, Vonsattel JP (1997) Diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Sensitivity and specificity of cortical biopsy. Stroke 28:1418-1422
25. Griffin WS, Sheng JG, Roberts GW, Mrak RE (1995) Interleukin-1 expression in different plaque types in Alzheimer's disease: significance in plaque evolution. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54:276-281
26. Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Tung YC et al. (1986) Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:4913-4917
27. Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Quinlan M et al. (1986) Microtubule-associated protein tau. A component of Alzheimer paired helical filaments. J Biol Chem 261:6084-6089
28. Hartmann T, Bieger SC, Bruhl B et al. (1997) Distinct sites of intracellular production for Alzheimer's disease A beta40/42 amyloid peptides. Nat Med 3:1016-1020
29. Hyman BT, Marzloff K, Arriagada PV (1993) The lack of accumulation of senile plaques or amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease suggests a dynamic balance between amyloid deposition and resolution. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52:594-600
30. Irizarry MC, Soriano F, McNamara M et al. (1997) Abeta deposition is associated with neuropil changes, but not with overt neuronal loss in the human amyloid precursor protein V717F (PDAPP) transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 17:7053-7059
31. Kalus R Braak H, Braak E, Bohl J (1989) The presubicular region in Alzheimer's disease: topography of amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary changes. Brain Res 494:198-203
32. Lemere CA, Blusztajn JK, Yamaguchi H et al. (1996) Sequence of deposition of heterogeneous amyloid beta-peptides and APO E in Down syndrome: implications for initial events in amyloid plaque formation. Neurobiol Dis 3:16-32
33. Leverenz JB, Raskind MA (1998) Early amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe of young Down syndrome patients: a regional quantitative analysis. Exp Neurol 150:296-304
34. Lippa C (2003) Lewy bodies in conditions other than disorders of a-Synuclein. In: Dickson D (ed) Neurodegeneration: the molecular pathology of dementia and movement disorders. ISN Neuropath Press, Basel, pp 200-202
35. Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E (1998) Tau in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Cell Biol 8:425-427
36. Masters CL, Simms G, Weinman NA et al. (1985) Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:4245-4249
37. McGowan E, Sanders S, Iwatsubo T et al. (1999) Amyloid phenotype characterization of transgenic mice overexpressing both mutant amyloid precursor protein and mutant presenilin 1 transgenes. Neurobiol Dis 6:231-244
38. Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D et al. (1991) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 41:479-486
39. Nagy Z, Yilmazer-Hanke DM, Braak H et al. (1998) Assessment of the pathological stages of Alzheimer's disease in thin paraffin sections: a comparative study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 9:140-144
40. Naslund J, Haroutunian V, Mohs R et al. (2000) Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid beta-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline. JAMA 283:1571-1577
41. Ohm TG, Muller H, Braak H, Bohl J (1995) Close-meshed prevalence rates of different stages as a tool to uncover the rate of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes. Neuroscience 64:209-217
42. Papasozomenos SC (1989) Tau protein immunoreactivity in dementia of the Alzheimer type. I. Morphology, evolution, distribution, and pathogenetic implications. Lab Invest 60:123-137
43. Price JL, Morris JC (1999) Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and "preclinical" Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 45:358-368
44. Rub U, Del Tredici K, Schultz C et al. (2000) The evolution of Alzheimer's disease-related cytoskeletal pathology in the human raphe nuclei. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 26:553-567
45. Rudelli RD, Ambler MW, Wisniewski HM (1984) Morphology and distribution of Alzheimer neuritic (senile) and amyloid plaques in striatum and diencephalon. Acta Neuropathol 64:273-281
46. Sandmann-Keil D, Braak H (2004) Zur postmortalen Diagnose des Morbus Parkinson. Pathologe (in press)
47. Sassin I, Schultz C, Thal DR et al. (2000) Evolution of Alzheimer's disease-related cytoskeletal changes in the basal nucleus of Meynert. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 100:259-269
48. Scholz W (1938) Studien zur Pathologie der Hirngefäße. II. Die drusige Entartung der Hirnarterien und -capillaren. (Eine Form seniler Gefäßerkrankung). Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 4:694-715
49. Selkoe DJ (1999)Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 399:A23-A31
50. Takahashi RH, Milner TA, Li F et al. (2002) Intraneuronal Alzheimer abeta42 accumulates in multivesicular bodies and is associated with synaptic pathology. Am J Pathol 161:1869-1879
51. Thal DR, Rüb U, Orantes M, Braak H (2002) Phases of Abeta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD. Neurology 58:1791-1800
52. Thal DR, Ghebremedhin E, Orantes M, Wiestler OD (2003) Vascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease: correlation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and arteriosclerosis/lipohyalinosis with cognitive decline. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62:1287-1301
53. Thal DR, Sassin I, Schultz C et al. (1999) Fleecy amyloid deposits in the internal layers of the human entorhinal cortex are comprised of N-terminal truncated fragments of Abeta. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:210-216
54. Thal DR, Arendt T, Waldmann G et al. (1998) Progression of neurofibrillary changes and PHF-tau in end-stage Alzheimer's disease is different from plaque and cortical microglial pathology. Neurobiol Aging 19:517-525
55. Thal DR, Holzer M, Rüb U et al. (2000) Alzheimer-related tau-pathology in the perforant path target zone and in the hippocampal stratum oriens and radiatum correlates with onset and degree of dementia. Exp Neurol 163:98-110
56. Thal DR, Rüb U, Schultz C et al. (2000) Sequence of Abeta-protein deposition in the human medial temporal lobe. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:733-748
57. The National Institute on Aging (1997) Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute on Aging, and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol Aging 18: S1-S2
58. Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM (2003) Meeting summary - cell biology of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Sci Aging Knowledge Environ 2003:PE23
59. Vinters HV, Wang ZZ, Secor DL (1996) Brain parenchymal and microvascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 6:179-195
60. Vonsattel JP, Myers RH, Hedley-Whyte ET et al. (1991) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy without and with cerebral hemorrhages: a comparative histological study. Ann Neurol 30:637-649
61. Wirths O, Multhaup G, Czech C et al. (2001) Intraneuronal Abeta accumulation precedes plaque formation in beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 double-transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 306:116-120
62. Wisniewski HM, Sadowski M, Jakubowska-Sadowska K et al. (1998) Diffuse, lake-like amyloid-beta deposits in the parvopyramidal layer of the presubiculum in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57:674-683
63. Yilmazer-Hanke DM (1998) Alzheimer's disease. The density of amygdalar neuritic plaques is associated with the severity of neurofibrillary pathology and the degree of beta-amyloid protein deposition in the cerebral cortex. Acta Anat 162:46-55