Characterization methods of carbon nanotubes: A review

Materials Science and Engineering: B

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 105-118

  Belin, T ^a   Epron, F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

Author keywords

Carbon; Characterization methods; Chemical properties; Nanotubes; Physical properties; Structure

Indexed keywords

BINDING ENERGY; DIAMONDS; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

CHARACTERIZATION METHODS; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; METALLIC NANOTUBES; RAMAN SPECTRA SIMULATIONS;

CARBON NANOTUBES;

EID: 16844377779     PISSN: 09215107     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.02.046     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. S. Iijima Nature 354 1991 56
2. M. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and R. Saito Carbon 33 1995 883
3. J. Mintmire, and C. White Carbon 33 1995 893
4. P. Ajayan, and T. Ebbesen Rep. Prog. Phys. 60 1997 1025
5. R. Ruoff, and D. Lorents Carbon 33 1995 925
6. K. Murata, K. Kaneko, F. Kokai, K. Takahashi, M. Yudasaka, and S. Iijima Chem. Phys. Lett. 331 2000 14
7. A. Dillon, K. Jones, T. Bekkedahl, C. Kiang, D.S. Bethune, and M.J. Heben Nature 386 1997 377
8. J. Wildoer, L. Venema, A. Rinzler, R. Smalley, and C. Dekker Nature 391 1998 59
9. T. Odom, J. Huang, P. Kim, and C. Lieber Nature 391 1998 62
10. DOE FreedomCAR program, http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels.
11. E. Tzimas, C. Filiou, S.D. Peteves, J.B. Veyret, EUR 20995 EN-hydrogen storage: state of the art and future perspective, European Communities, 2003. ISBN92-894-6950-1.
12. H. Gommans, J. Alldredge, H. Tashiro, J. Park, J. Magnuson, and A.G. Rinzler J. Appl. Phys. 88 2000 2509
13. E. Thostenson, Z. Ren, and T. Chou Comp. Sci. Technol. 61 2001 1899
14. S. Amelinckx, A. Lucas, and P. Lambin Rep. Prog. Phys. 62 1999 1471
15. Y. Murakami, Y. Miyauchi, S. Chiashi, and S. Maruyama Chem. Phys. Lett. 377 2003 49
16. R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. B 6 2000 2981
17. A. Jorio, R. Saito, J. Hafner, C. Lieber, M. Hunter, T. McClure, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2001 1118
18. Z.K. Tang, N. Wang, X.X. Zhang, J.N. Wang, C.T. Chan, and P. Sheng New J. Phys. 5 2003 146.1
19. L.C. Qin, X. Zhao, K. Hirahara, Y. Miyamoto, Y. Ando, and S. Iijima Nature 298 2000 50
20. W.Z. Liang, G.H. Chen, Z. Li, and Z.K. Tang Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2002 3415
21. N. Sano, M. Chhowalla, D. Roy, and G.A.J. Amaratunga Phys. Rev. B 66 2002 113403
22. X. Zhao, Y. Liu, S. Inoue, T. Suzuki, R.O. Jones, Y. Ando, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 125502-1.
23. Z.K. Tang, L.Y. Zhang, N. Wang, X.X. Zhang, J.N. Wang, G.D. Li, Z.M. Li, G.H. Wen, C.T. Chan, and P. Sheng Synth. Met. 133-134 2003 689
24. B.K. Agrawal, S. Agrawal, and R. Srivastava J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 2004 1467
25. M. Machon, S. Reich, C. Thomsen, D. Sanchez-Portal, and P. Ordejon Phys. Rev. B 66 2002 155410
26. X.F. Zhang, X.B. Zhang, G. Van Tendeloo, S. Amelinckx, M. Op de Beeck, and J. Van Landuyt J. Cryst. Growth 130 1993 368
27. Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, S. Bandow, M. Tomita, and T. Hayashi Phys. Rev. B 48 1993 1907
28. M. Bretz, B. Demczyk, and L. Zhang J. Cryst. Growth 141 1994 304
29. X. Sun, C. Kiang, M. Endo, K. Takeuchi, T. Furuta, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. B 54 1996 R12629
30. C. Kiang, M. Endo, P. Ajayan, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 1998 1869
31. A. Peigney, C. Laurent, E. Flahaut, R. Bacsa, and A. Rousset Carbon 39 2001 507
32. H. Hu, P. Bhowmik, B. Zhao, M.A. Hamon, M.E. Itkis, and R.C. Haddon Chem. Phys. Lett. 345 2001 25
33. D.B. Mawhinney, V. Naumenko, A. Kuznetsova, J.T. Yates, J. Liu, and R.E. Smalley Jr. Chem. Phys. Lett. 324 2000 213
34. J. Chen, A.M. Rao, S. Lyuksyutov, M.E. Itkis, M.A. Hamon, H. Hu, R.W. Cohn, P.C. Eklund, D.T. Colbert, R.E. Smalley, and R.C. Haddon J. Phys. Chem. B 105 2001 2525
35. M. Ouyang, J.L. Huang, C.L. Cheung, and C.M. Lieber Science 292 2001 702
36. J.S. Lauret, C. Voisin, G. Cassabois, P. Roussignol, C. Delalande, A. Filoramo, L. Capes, E. Valentin, and O. Jost Physica E 21 2004 1057
37. X. Liu, T. Pichler, M. Knupfer, M.S. Golden, J. Fink, H. Kataura, and Y. Achiba Phys. Rev. B 66 2002 045411
38. J. Lefebvre, J.M. Fraser, Y. Homma, and P. Finnie Appl. Phys. A 78 2004 1107
39. R.B. Weisman, S.M. Bachilo, and D. Tsyboulski Appl. Phys. A 78 2004 1111
40. M.J. O'Connell, S.M. Bachilo, C.B. Huffman, V.C. Moore, M.S. Strano, E.H. Haroz, K.L. Rialon, P.J. Boul, W.H. Noon, C. Kittrell, J. Ma, R.H. Hauge, R.B. Weisman, and R.E. Smalley Science 297 2003 503
41. S. Lebedkin, F. Hennrich, T. Skipa, and M.M. Kappes J. Phys. Chem. B 107 2003 1949
42. J. Guo, C. Yang, Z.M. Li, M. Bai, H.J. Liu, G.D. Li, E.G. Wang, C.T. Chan, Z.K. Tang, W.K. Ge, X. Xiao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 017402-1.
43. Y. Miyauchi, S. Chiashi, Y. Murakami, Y. Hayashida, and S. Maruyama Chem. Phys. Lett. 387 2004 198
44. R. Droppa, P. Hammer, A. Carvalho, M. Dos Santos, and F. Alvarez J. Non-Cryst. Solids 299-302 2002 874
45. P. Hammer, N. Victoria, and F. Alvarez J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 18 2000 2277
46. C. Pham-Huu, N. Keller, V. Roddatis, G. Mestl, R. Schlogl, and M.J. Ledoux Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4 2002 514
47. Y. Lee, T. Cho, B. Lee, J. Rho, K. An, and Y. Lee J. Fluorine Chem. 120 2003 99
48. P. Chen, X. Wu, X. Sun, J. Lin, W. Ji, and K. Tan Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1999 2548
49. S. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe, T. Ogino, S. Heun, L. Gregoratti, A. Barinov, B. Kaulich, M. Kiskinova, W. Zhu, C. Bower, and O. Zhou Phys. Rev. B 66 2002 035414
50. K. Sattler Carbon 33 1995 915
51. K. Ichimura, M. Osawa, K. Nomura, H. Kataura, Y. Maniwa, S. Suziki, and Y. Achiba Phys. B: Cond. Matter 323 2002 230
52. N. Lin, J. Ding, S. Yang, and N. Cue Carbon 34 1996 1295
53. A. Hassanien, and M. Tokumoto Carbon 42 2004 2649
54. E. Obraztsova, V. Yurov, V. Shevluga, R. Baranovsky, V. Nalimova, V. Kuznetsov, and V. Zaikovskii Nanostruct. Mater. 11 1999 295
55. P. Kim, T. Odom, J. Huang, and C. Lieber Carbon 38 2000 1741
56. W. Clauss, D. Bergeron, and A. Johnson Phys. Rev. B 58 1998 R4266
57. N. Hamada, S. Sawada, and A. Oshiyama Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 1992 1579
58. J. Mintmire, B. Dunlap, and C. White Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 1992 631
59. R. Saito, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 1992 2204
60. A. Krasheninnikov Solid State Commun. 118 2001 361
61. A. Burian, J. Koloczk, J. Dore, A.C. Hannon, J.B. Nagy, and A. Fonseca Diam. Relat. Mater. 13 2004 1261
62. P. Lambin, A. Loiseau, C. Culot, and L. Biro Carbon 40 2002 1635
63. J. Dore, M. Sliwinski, A. Burian, W. Howells, and D. Cazorla J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11 1999 9189
64. A. Giannasi, M. Celli, J. Sauvajol, M. Zoppi, D. Bowron, Physica B 350 (2004) e1027.
65. S. Rols, R. Almairac, L. Henrard, E. Anglaret, and J. Sauvajol Eur. Phys. J. B 10 1999 263
66. J. Koloczek, Y. Kwon, and A. Burian J. Alloys Compd. 328 2001 222
67. W. Zhu, D. Miser, W. Chan, and M. Hajaligol Mater. Chem. Phys. 82 2003 638
68. D. Reznik, C. Olk, A. Neumann, and J. Copley Phys. Rev. B 52 1995 116
69. A. Burian, J. Dore, H. Fischer, and J. Sloan Phys. Rev. B 59 1999 1665
70. A. Cao, C. Xu, J. Liang, D. Wu, and B. Wei Chem. Phys. Lett. 344 2001 13
71. M. Liu, and J. Cowley Carbon 32 1994 393
72. D. Bernaerts, S. Amelinckx, P. Lambin, and A. Lucas Appl. Phys. A 67 1998 53
73. W. Cochran, F. Crick, and V. Vand Acta Cryst. 5 1952 581
74. P. Lambin, V. Meunier, L. Henrard, and A. Lucas Carbon 38 2000 1713
75. A. Lucas, V. Bruyninckx, and P. Lambin Europhys. Lett. 35 1996 555
76. J. Cowley, and F. Sundell Ultramicroscopy 68 1997 1
77. H. Kuzmany, W. Plank, M. Hulman, Ch. Kramberger, A. Gruneis, Th. Pichler, H. Peterlik, H. Kataura, and Y. Achiba Eur. Phys. J. B 22 2001 307
78. C. Gommes, S. Blacher, K. Masenelli-Varlot, C. Bossuot, E. McRae, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, and J.P. Pirard Carbon 41 2003 2561
79. A. Charlier, E. McRae, R. Heyd, M. Charlier, and D. Moretti Carbon 37 1999 1779
80. K. Tanaka, H. Aoki, H. Ago, T. Yamabe, and K. Okahara Carbon 35 1997 125
81. M.S. Dresselhaus, and M. Endo Top. Appl. Phys. 80 2001 11
82. L. Qin Chem. Phys. Lett. 297 1998 23
83. L. Qin, T. Ichihashi, and S. Iijima Ultramicroscopy 67 1997 181
84. L. Qin, S. Iijima, H. Kataura, Y. Maniwa, S. Suzuki, and Y. Achiba Chem. Phys. Lett. 268 1997 101
85. M. Kociak, K. Hirahara, K. Suenaga, and S. Iijima Eur. Phys. J. B 32 2003 457
86. R. He, H. Jin, J. Zhu, Y. Yan, and X. Chen Chem. Phys. Lett. 298 1998 170
87. J. Cowley, P. Nikolaev, A. Thess, and R. Smalley Chem. Phys. Lett. 265 1997 379
88. D. Bernaerts, A. Zettl, N. Chopra, A. Thess, and R. Smalley Solid State Commun. 105 1998 145
89. J. Colomer, L. Henrard, P. Lambin, and G. Van Tendeloo Eur. Phys. J. B 27 2002 111
90. L. Henrard, A. Loiseau, C. Journet, and P. Bernier Eur. Phys. J. B 13 2000 661
91. U. Kuhlmann, H. Jantoljak, M. Pfander, P. Bernier, C. Journet, and C. Thomsen Chem. Phys. Lett. 294 1998 237
92. H. Kuzmany, B. Burger, A. Thess, and R. Smalley Carbon 36 1998 709
93. J. Kastner, T. Pichler, H. Kuzmany, S. Curran, W. Blau, D.N. Weldon, M. Delamesiere, S. Draper, and H. Zandbergen Chem. Phys. Lett. 221 1994 53
94. P. Eklund, J. Holden, and R. Jishi Carbon 33 1995 959
95. R. Saito, K. Matsushige, and K. Tanaka Phys. B: Condens. Matter 323 2002 280
96. B. He, W. Sun, M. Wang, S. Liu, and Z. Shen Mater. Chem. Phys. 84 2004 140
97. Z. Yang, H. Chen, L. Cao, H. Li, and M. Wang Mater. Sci. Eng. B 106 2004 73
98. D. Jung, Y.K. Ko, and H. Jung Mater. Sci. Eng. C 24 2004 117
99. M. Xu, Q. Huang, Q. Chen, P. Guo, and Z. Sun Chem. Phys. Lett. 375 2003 598
100. L. Liu, Y. Qin, Z. Guo, and D. Zhu Carbon 41 2003 331
101. M. Aizawa, and M. Shaffer Chem. Phys. Lett. 368 2003 121
102. S. Wang, W. Zhu, D. Liao, C. Ng, C. Au, Catal. Today 93-95 (2004) 711.
103. M. Pereira, J. Figueiredo, J. Orfao, P. Serp, P. Kalck, and Y. Kihn Carbon 42 2004 2807
104. S. Arepalli, P. Nikolaev, O. Gorelik, V. Hadjiev, W. Holmes, B. Files, and L. Yowell Carbon 42 2004 1783
105. A. Ferrari, and J. Robertson Phys. Rev. B 61 2000 14095
106. A.A. Mamedov, N.A. Kotov, M. Prato, D.M. Guldi, J.P. Wicksted, and A. Hirsch Nat. Mater. 1 2002 190
107. H. Hiura, T. Ebbesen, K. Tanigaki, and H. Takahashi Chem. Phys. Lett. 202 1993 509
108. R.R. Bacsa, A. Peigney, C. Laurent, P. Puech, and W.S. Bacsa Phys. Rev. B 65 2002 161404
109. M. Damnjanovic Phys. Lett. A 94 1983 337
110. P. Liu, L. Liu, and Y. Zhang Phys. Lett. A 313 2003 302
111. R. Saito, T. Takeya, T. Kimura, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. B 57 1998 4145
112. A. Jorio, M. Pimenta, A. Souza-Filho, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus New J. Phys. 5 2003 139.1
113. R. Jishi, L. Venkataraman, M. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus Chem. Phys. Lett. 209 1993 77
114. J. Kurti, G. Kresse, and H. Kuzmany Phys. Rev. B 58 1998 R8869
115. D. Sanchez-Portal, E. Artacho, J. Soler, A. Rubio, and P. Ordejon Phys. Rev. B 59 1999 12768
116. M. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, A.G. Souza-Filho, and R. Saito Carbon 40 2002 2043
117. S. Bandow, S. Asaka, Y. Saito, A. Rao, L. Grigorian, E. Richter, and P. Eklund Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1998 3779
118. M. Milnera, J. Kurti, M. Hulman, and H. Kuzmany Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2000 1324
119. L. Alvarez, A. Righi, T. Guillard, S. Rols, E. Anglaret, D. Laplaze, and J. Sauvajol Chem. Phys. Lett. 316 2000 186
120. S. Bandow, G. Chen, G. Sumanasekera, R. Gupta, M. Yudasaka, S. Iijima, and P. Eklund Phys. Rev. B 66 2002 075416
121. A. Rao, R. Richter, S. Bandow, B. Chase, P. Eklund, K.A. Williams, S. Fang, K.R. Subbaswamy, M. Menon, A. Thess, R. Smalley, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Science 275 1997 187
122. G. Mahan Phys. Rev. B 65 2002 235402
123. U. Venkateswaran, A. Rao, E. Richter, M. Menon, A. Rinzler, R. Smalley, and P. Eklund Phys. Rev. B 59 1999 10928
124. A. Jorio, A. Souza-Filho, V. Brar, A. Swan, M. Unlu, B.B. Goldberg, A. Righi, J.H. Hafner, C. Lieber, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. B 65 2002 R121402
125. M. Dresselhaus, and P. Eklund Adv. Phys. 49 2000 705
126. J. Maultzsch, S. Reich, C. Thomsen, E. Dobardzic, I. Milosevic, and M. Damnjanovic Solid State Commun. 121 2002 471
127. J. Colomer, J. Benoit, C. Stephan, S. Lefrant, G. Van Tendeloo, and J.B. Nagy Chem. Phys. Lett. 345 2001 11
128. R. Vidano, D. Fischbach, J. Willis, and T. Loehr Solid State Commun. 39 1981 341
129. S. Brown, A. Jorio, M. Dresselhaus, and G. Dresselhaus Phys. Rev. B 64 2001 073403
130. Y. Wang, D. Alsmeyer, and R. McCreery Chem. Mater. 2 1990 557
131. L. Henrard, E. Hernandez, P. Bernier, and A. Rubio Phys. Rev. B 60 1999 R8521
132. D. Kahn, and J. Lu Phys. Rev. B 60 1999 6535
133. L. Henrard, V. Popov, and A. Rubio Phys. Rev. B 64 2001 205403
134. R. Krupke, F. Hennrich, H. Löhneysen, and M.M. Kappes Science 301 2003 344
135. M. Zheng, A. Jagota, E.D. Semke, B.A. Diner, R.S. McClean, S.R. Lustig, R.E. Richardson, and N.G. Tassi Nat. Mater. 2 2003 338
136. D. Chattopadhyay, I. Galeska, and F. Papadimitrakopoulos J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 3370
137. P.G. Collins, M.S. Arnold, and P. Avouris Science 292 2001 706
138. Carbon nanotubes transistors. http://www.research.ibm.com.
139. J. Kong, and H. Dai J. Phys. Chem. B 105 2001 2890
140. W. Bacsa, and W. De Heer Phys. Rev. B 50 1994 15473
141. K. Williams, M. Tachibana, J. Allen, L. Grigorian, S.C. Cheng, S.L. Fang, G.U. Sumanasekera, A. Loper, J. Williams, and P. Ekund Chem. Phys. Lett. 310 1999 31
142. A. Rao, J. Chen, E. Richter, U. Schlecht, P. Eklund, R.C. Haddon, U.D. Venkateswaran, Y. Kown, and D. Tomanek Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2001 3895
143. M. Hulman, R. Pfeiffer, and H. Kuzmany New J. Phys. 6 2004 1
144. P. Bernier, W. Maser, C. Journet, A. Loiseau, M.L. De la Chapelle, R. Lee, and J.F. Fischer Carbon 36 1998 675
145. R. Bacsa, C. Laurent, A. Peigney, W. Bacsa, Th. Vaugien, and A. Rousset Chem. Phys. Lett. 323 2000 566
146. Y. Zhang, Z. Shi, Z. Gu, and S. Iijima Carbon 38 2000 2055
147. P. Corio, P. Santos, V. Brar, G. Samsonidze, S. Chou, and M. Dresselhaus Chem. Phys. Lett. 370 2003 675
148. Y. Park, K. Kim, H. Jeong, W. Kim, J. Moon, K.H. An, D.J. Bae, Y. Lee, G. Park, and Y. Lee Synth. Met. 126 2002 245