메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 101-107

Neuropathic pain and spinal microglia: A big problem from molecules in 'small' glia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; PURINE P2X4 RECEPTOR;

EID: 13144276331     PISSN: 01662236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2004.12.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (714)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0034625770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain
    • C.J. Woolf, and M.W. Salter Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain Science 288 2000 1765 1769
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1765-1769
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Salter, M.W.2
  • 2
    • 0036829011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we conquer pain?
    • J. Scholz, and C.J. Woolf Can we conquer pain? Nat. Neurosci. 5 Suppl 2002 1062 1067
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1062-1067
    • Scholz, J.1    Woolf, C.J.2
  • 3
    • 0035840825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathobiology of neuropathic pain
    • M. Zimmermann Pathobiology of neuropathic pain Eur. J. Pharmacol. 429 2001 23 37
    • (2001) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.429 , pp. 23-37
    • Zimmermann, M.1
  • 4
    • 1642276200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting out mechanisms responsible for peripheral neuropathic pain: Implications for diagnosis and therapy
    • C.J. Woolf Dissecting out mechanisms responsible for peripheral neuropathic pain: implications for diagnosis and therapy Life Sci. 74 2004 2605 2610
    • (2004) Life Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 2605-2610
    • Woolf, C.J.1
  • 5
    • 0035426434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial activation: A driving force for pathological pain
    • L.R. Watkins Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain Trends Neurosci. 24 2001 450 455
    • (2001) Trends Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 450-455
    • Watkins, L.R.1
  • 6
    • 0034882399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord glia: New players in pain
    • L.R. Watkins Spinal cord glia: new players in pain Pain 93 2001 201 205
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 201-205
    • Watkins, L.R.1
  • 7
    • 0347169249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLIA: A novel drug discovery target for clinical pain
    • L.R. Watkins, and S.F. Maier GLIA: A novel drug discovery target for clinical pain Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2 2003 973 985
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.2 , pp. 973-985
    • Watkins, L.R.1    Maier, S.F.2
  • 8
    • 0030222037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: A sensor for pathological events in the CNS
    • G.W. Kreutzberg Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS Trends Neurosci. 19 1996 312 318
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 312-318
    • Kreutzberg, G.W.1
  • 9
    • 0032937860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS
    • G. Stoll, and S. Jander The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS Prog. Neurobiol. 58 1999 233 247
    • (1999) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.58 , pp. 233-247
    • Stoll, G.1    Jander, S.2
  • 10
    • 0034866550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Activation and their significance in the central nervous system
    • K. Nakajima, and S. Kohsaka Microglia: activation and their significance in the central nervous system J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 130 2001 169 175
    • (2001) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) , vol.130 , pp. 169-175
    • Nakajima, K.1    Kohsaka, S.2
  • 12
    • 0033044951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive microgliosis
    • W.J. Streit Reactive microgliosis Prog. Neurobiol. 57 1999 563 581
    • (1999) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.57 , pp. 563-581
    • Streit, W.J.1
  • 13
    • 0034122721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CR3: A general purpose adhesion-recognition receptor essential for innate immunity
    • M.R. Ehlers CR3: a general purpose adhesion-recognition receptor essential for innate immunity Microbes Infect. 2 2000 289 294
    • (2000) Microbes Infect. , vol.2 , pp. 289-294
    • Ehlers, M.R.1
  • 14
    • 0022654730 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage heterogeneity in the rat as delineated by two monoclonal antibodies MRC OX-41 and MRC OX-42, the latter recognizing complement receptor type 3
    • A.P. Robinson Macrophage heterogeneity in the rat as delineated by two monoclonal antibodies MRC OX-41 and MRC OX-42, the latter recognizing complement receptor type 3 Immunology 57 1986 239 247
    • (1986) Immunology , vol.57 , pp. 239-247
    • Robinson, A.P.1
  • 15
    • 0036849018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as a source and target of cytokines
    • U.K. Hanisch Microglia as a source and target of cytokines Glia 40 2002 140 155
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 140-155
    • Hanisch, U.K.1
  • 16
    • 0018568191 scopus 로고
    • Autotomy following peripheral nerve lesions: Experimental anaesthesia dolorosa
    • P.D. Wall Autotomy following peripheral nerve lesions: experimental anaesthesia dolorosa Pain 7 1979 103 111
    • (1979) Pain , vol.7 , pp. 103-111
    • Wall, P.D.1
  • 17
    • 0023895875 scopus 로고
    • A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man
    • G.J. Bennett, and Y.K. Xie A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man Pain 33 1988 87 107
    • (1988) Pain , vol.33 , pp. 87-107
    • Bennett, G.J.1    Xie, Y.K.2
  • 18
    • 0025167399 scopus 로고
    • A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury
    • Z. Seltzer A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury Pain 43 1990 205 218
    • (1990) Pain , vol.43 , pp. 205-218
    • Seltzer, Z.1
  • 19
    • 0026727999 scopus 로고
    • An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat
    • S.H. Kim, and J.M. Chung An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat Pain 50 1992 355 363
    • (1992) Pain , vol.50 , pp. 355-363
    • Kim, S.H.1    Chung, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 0034255439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spared nerve injury: An animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain
    • I. Decosterd, and C.J. Woolf Spared nerve injury: an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain Pain 87 2000 149 158
    • (2000) Pain , vol.87 , pp. 149-158
    • Decosterd, I.1    Woolf, C.J.2
  • 21
    • 0027428024 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of the microglial cell reaction in central primary sensory projection territories following peripheral nerve injury in the adult rat
    • N.P. Eriksson A quantitative analysis of the microglial cell reaction in central primary sensory projection territories following peripheral nerve injury in the adult rat Exp. Brain Res. 96 1993 19 27
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.96 , pp. 19-27
    • Eriksson, N.P.1
  • 22
    • 0029026560 scopus 로고
    • Complement and clusterin in the spinal cord dorsal horn and gracile nucleus following sciatic nerve injury in the adult rat
    • L. Liu Complement and clusterin in the spinal cord dorsal horn and gracile nucleus following sciatic nerve injury in the adult rat Neuroscience 68 1995 167 179
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.68 , pp. 167-179
    • Liu, L.1
  • 23
    • 0032079675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial peripheral nerve injury leads to activation of astroglia and microglia which parallels the development of allodynic behavior
    • D.E. Coyle Partial peripheral nerve injury leads to activation of astroglia and microglia which parallels the development of allodynic behavior Glia 23 1998 75 83
    • (1998) Glia , vol.23 , pp. 75-83
    • Coyle, D.E.1
  • 24
    • 0347814979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assessment of spinal microglial and astrocytic activation markers in a rat model of neuropathic pain
    • F.Y. Tanga Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assessment of spinal microglial and astrocytic activation markers in a rat model of neuropathic pain Neurochem. Int. 45 2004 397 407
    • (2004) Neurochem. Int. , vol.45 , pp. 397-407
    • Tanga, F.Y.1
  • 25
    • 0030859754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of microglial activation and neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury in the rat
    • R.W. Colburn Dissociation of microglial activation and neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury in the rat J. Neuroimmunol. 79 1997 163 175
    • (1997) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.79 , pp. 163-175
    • Colburn, R.W.1
  • 26
    • 0032978701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of site and type of nerve injury on spinal glial activation and neuropathic pain behavior
    • R.W. Colburn The effect of site and type of nerve injury on spinal glial activation and neuropathic pain behavior Exp. Neurol. 157 1999 289 304
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol. , vol.157 , pp. 289-304
    • Colburn, R.W.1
  • 27
    • 0029068714 scopus 로고
    • Microglial turnover in the injured CNS: Activated microglia undergo delayed DNA fragmentation following peripheral nerve injury
    • J. Gehrmann, and R.B. Banati Microglial turnover in the injured CNS: activated microglia undergo delayed DNA fragmentation following peripheral nerve injury J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 54 1995 680 688
    • (1995) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.54 , pp. 680-688
    • Gehrmann, J.1    Banati, R.B.2
  • 28
    • 0037622717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of microglial activation attenuates the development but not existing hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathy
    • V. Raghavendra Inhibition of microglial activation attenuates the development but not existing hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathy J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 306 2003 624 630
    • (2003) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.306 , pp. 624-630
    • Raghavendra, V.1
  • 29
    • 0036228048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential role of spinal MHC class II and cellular adhesion molecules in peripheral inflammatory versus neuropathic pain in rodents
    • S.M. Sweitzer The differential role of spinal MHC class II and cellular adhesion molecules in peripheral inflammatory versus neuropathic pain in rodents J. Neuroimmunol. 125 2002 82 93
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.125 , pp. 82-93
    • Sweitzer, S.M.1
  • 30
    • 0036796293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The active metabolite of leflunomide, an immunosuppressive agent, reduces mechanical sensitivity in a rat mononeuropathy model
    • S.M. Sweitzer, and J.A. DeLeo The active metabolite of leflunomide, an immunosuppressive agent, reduces mechanical sensitivity in a rat mononeuropathy model J. Pain 3 2002 360 368
    • (2002) J. Pain , vol.3 , pp. 360-368
    • Sweitzer, S.M.1    Deleo, J.A.2
  • 31
    • 4544252839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) distribution in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia under basal and neuropathic pain conditions
    • G.M. Verge Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) distribution in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia under basal and neuropathic pain conditions Eur. J. Neurosci. 20 2004 1150 1160
    • (2004) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 1150-1160
    • Verge, G.M.1
  • 32
    • 0032510831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of fractalkine and CX3CR1 mRNAs in rat brain: Does fractalkine play a role in signaling from neuron to microglia?
    • A. Nishiyori Localization of fractalkine and CX3CR1 mRNAs in rat brain: does fractalkine play a role in signaling from neuron to microglia? FEBS Lett. 429 1998 167 172
    • (1998) FEBS Lett. , vol.429 , pp. 167-172
    • Nishiyori, A.1
  • 33
    • 13144279282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia
    • J.K. Harrison Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95 1998 10896 10901
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.95 , pp. 10896-10901
    • Harrison, J.K.1
  • 34
    • 0035939448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia and the early phase of immune surveillance in the axotomized facial motor nucleus: Impaired microglial activation and lymphocyte recruitment but no effect on neuronal survival or axonal regeneration in macrophage-colony stimulating factor-deficient mice
    • R. Kalla Microglia and the early phase of immune surveillance in the axotomized facial motor nucleus: impaired microglial activation and lymphocyte recruitment but no effect on neuronal survival or axonal regeneration in macrophage-colony stimulating factor-deficient mice J. Comp. Neurol. 436 2001 182 201
    • (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.436 , pp. 182-201
    • Kalla, R.1
  • 35
    • 0031104861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired neuroglial activation in interleukin-6 deficient mice
    • M.A. Klein Impaired neuroglial activation in interleukin-6 deficient mice Glia 19 1997 227 233
    • (1997) Glia , vol.19 , pp. 227-233
    • Klein, M.A.1
  • 36
    • 17744388105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of the macrophage lineage through interaction with OX2 (CD200)
    • R.M. Hoek Down-regulation of the macrophage lineage through interaction with OX2 (CD200) Science 290 2000 1768 1771
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1768-1771
    • Hoek, R.M.1
  • 37
    • 0141767048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia is a critical link in inflammation-induced spinal pain processing
    • C.I. Svensson Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia is a critical link in inflammation-induced spinal pain processing J. Neurochem. 86 2003 1534 1544
    • (2003) J. Neurochem. , vol.86 , pp. 1534-1544
    • Svensson, C.I.1
  • 38
    • 0042968804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury
    • 4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury Nature 424 2003 778 783
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 778-783
    • Tsuda, M.1
  • 39
    • 0037705314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated after a spinal nerve ligation in spinal cord microglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons and contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain
    • S.X. Jin p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated after a spinal nerve ligation in spinal cord microglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons and contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain J. Neurosci. 23 2003 4017 4022
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 4017-4022
    • Jin, S.X.1
  • 40
    • 0346655315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal hyperactive microglia contributes to pain hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury
    • M. Tsuda Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal hyperactive microglia contributes to pain hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury Glia 45 2004 89 95
    • (2004) Glia , vol.45 , pp. 89-95
    • Tsuda, M.1
  • 41
    • 0031754497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for purines and pyrimidines
    • V. Ralevic, and G. Burnstock Receptors for purines and pyrimidines Pharmacol. Rev. 50 1998 413 492
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.50 , pp. 413-492
    • Ralevic, V.1    Burnstock, G.2
  • 42
    • 0035107660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits
    • B.S. Khakh International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits Pharmacol. Rev. 53 2001 107 118
    • (2001) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.53 , pp. 107-118
    • Khakh, B.S.1
  • 43
    • 0345767141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossing the pain barrier: P2 receptors as targets for novel analgesics
    • C. Kennedy Crossing the pain barrier: P2 receptors as targets for novel analgesics J. Physiol. 553 2003 683 694
    • (2003) J. Physiol. , vol.553 , pp. 683-694
    • Kennedy, C.1
  • 44
    • 0033965158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p38 signal transduction pathway: Activation and function
    • K. Ono, and J. Han The p38 signal transduction pathway: activation and function Cell. Signal. 12 2000 1 13
    • (2000) Cell. Signal. , vol.12 , pp. 1-13
    • Ono, K.1    Han, J.2
  • 45
    • 0345701254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation by activation of p38 MAPK in primary sensory neurons
    • M. Schafers Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation by activation of p38 MAPK in primary sensory neurons J. Neurosci. 23 2003 2517 2521
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 2517-2521
    • Schafers, M.1
  • 46
    • 0038042119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptors: Signposts to brain development and disease
    • P.B. Tran, and R.J. Miller Chemokine receptors: signposts to brain development and disease Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4 2003 444 455
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 444-455
    • Tran, P.B.1    Miller, R.J.2
  • 47
    • 0037934294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired neuropathic pain responses in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR2
    • C. Abbadie Impaired neuropathic pain responses in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR2 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 7947 7952
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.100 , pp. 7947-7952
    • Abbadie, C.1
  • 48
    • 0038684167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor expression in the rat spinal cord of neuropathic but not inflammatory chronic pain models
    • 2 receptor expression in the rat spinal cord of neuropathic but not inflammatory chronic pain models Eur. J. Neurosci. 17 2003 2750 2754
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 2750-2754
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 49
    • 4644372326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system and its role in nociceptive behavior
    • B.F. Cravatt, and A.H. Lichtman The endogenous cannabinoid system and its role in nociceptive behavior J. Neurobiol. 61 2004 149 160
    • (2004) J. Neurobiol. , vol.61 , pp. 149-160
    • Cravatt, B.F.1    Lichtman, A.H.2
  • 50
    • 0032473968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human CD14 mediates recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
    • A. Devitt Human CD14 mediates recognition and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells Nature 392 1998 505 509
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 505-509
    • Devitt, A.1
  • 51
    • 0031778574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central neuron-glial and glial-glial interactions following axon injury
    • H. Aldskogius, and E.N. Kozlova Central neuron-glial and glial-glial interactions following axon injury Prog. Neurobiol. 55 1998 1 26
    • (1998) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.55 , pp. 1-26
    • Aldskogius, H.1    Kozlova, E.N.2
  • 52
    • 0036847841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as liaisons between the immune and central nervous systems: Functional implications for multiple sclerosis
    • M.J. Carson Microglia as liaisons between the immune and central nervous systems: Functional implications for multiple sclerosis Glia 40 2002 218 231
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 218-231
    • Carson, M.J.1
  • 53
    • 0036850023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and prion disease
    • P. Eikelenboom Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and prion disease Glia 40 2002 232 239
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 232-239
    • Eikelenboom, P.1
  • 54
    • 0036848969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration
    • G.A. Garden Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurodegeneration Glia 40 2002 240 251
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 240-251
    • Garden, G.A.1
  • 55
    • 0036850086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualising microglial activation in vivo
    • R.B. Banati Visualising microglial activation in vivo Glia 40 2002 206 217
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 206-217
    • Banati, R.B.1
  • 56
    • 0033198604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two different ionotropic receptors are activated by ATP in rat microglia
    • S. Visentin Two different ionotropic receptors are activated by ATP in rat microglia J. Physiol. 519 1999 723 736
    • (1999) J. Physiol. , vol.519 , pp. 723-736
    • Visentin, S.1
  • 57
    • 0036848882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation by purines and pyrimidines
    • K. Inoue Microglial activation by purines and pyrimidines Glia 40 2002 156 163
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 156-163
    • Inoue, K.1
  • 58
    • 0842322759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7 receptor-activated microglia
    • 7 receptor-activated microglia J. Neurosci. 24 2004 1 7
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 1-7
    • Suzuki, T.1
  • 59
    • 0033056034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultured rat microglia express functional beta-chemokine receptors
    • E.W. Boddeke Cultured rat microglia express functional beta-chemokine receptors J. Neuroimmunol. 98 1999 176 184
    • (1999) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.98 , pp. 176-184
    • Boddeke, E.W.1
  • 60
    • 3142729054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines and glial cells: A complex network in the central nervous system
    • E. Ambrosini, and F. Aloisi Chemokines and glial cells: a complex network in the central nervous system Neurochem. Res. 29 2004 1017 1038
    • (2004) Neurochem. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 1017-1038
    • Ambrosini, E.1    Aloisi, F.2
  • 61
    • 0036844372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal peripheral nerve injury induces leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system: Potential relationship to neuropathic pain
    • S.M. Sweitzer Focal peripheral nerve injury induces leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system: potential relationship to neuropathic pain Pain 100 2002 163 170
    • (2002) Pain , vol.100 , pp. 163-170
    • Sweitzer, S.M.1
  • 62
    • 0033103608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: A neuroprotective role of inflammation?
    • M. Kerschensteiner Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: a neuroprotective role of inflammation? J. Exp. Med. 189 1999 865 870
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 865-870
    • Kerschensteiner, M.1
  • 63
    • 0033712614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of neurotrophins by activated T cells: Implications for neuroprotective autoimmunity
    • G. Moalem Production of neurotrophins by activated T cells: implications for neuroprotective autoimmunity J. Autoimmun. 15 2000 331 345
    • (2000) J. Autoimmun. , vol.15 , pp. 331-345
    • Moalem, G.1
  • 64
    • 0027356664 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of microglial and perivascular cell populations: Insights gained from the facial nucleus paradigm
    • W.J. Streit, and M.B. Graeber Heterogeneity of microglial and perivascular cell populations: insights gained from the facial nucleus paradigm Glia 7 1993 68 74
    • (1993) Glia , vol.7 , pp. 68-74
    • Streit, W.J.1    Graeber, M.B.2
  • 65
    • 0033594738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute peripheral inflammation induces moderate glial activation and spinal IL-1β expression that correlates with pain behavior in the rat
    • S.M. Sweitzer Acute peripheral inflammation induces moderate glial activation and spinal IL-1β expression that correlates with pain behavior in the rat Brain Res. 829 1999 209 221
    • (1999) Brain Res. , vol.829 , pp. 209-221
    • Sweitzer, S.M.1
  • 66
    • 3242758909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete Freunds adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation evokes glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CNS
    • V. Raghavendra Complete Freunds adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation evokes glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CNS Eur. J. Neurosci. 20 2004 467 473
    • (2004) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 467-473
    • Raghavendra, V.1
  • 67
    • 0034130227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine models of inflammatory, neuropathic and cancer pain each generates a unique set of neurochemical changes in the spinal cord and sensory neurons
    • P. Honore Murine models of inflammatory, neuropathic and cancer pain each generates a unique set of neurochemical changes in the spinal cord and sensory neurons Neuroscience 98 2000 585 598
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.98 , pp. 585-598
    • Honore, P.1
  • 68
    • 2442607978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial activation and pathological pain
    • J. Wieseler-Frank Glial activation and pathological pain Neurochem. Int. 45 2004 389 395
    • (2004) Neurochem. Int. , vol.45 , pp. 389-395
    • Wieseler-Frank, J.1
  • 69
    • 0041876261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining neuropathic pain
    • M.M. Backonja Defining neuropathic pain Anesth. Analg. 97 2003 785 790
    • (2003) Anesth. Analg. , vol.97 , pp. 785-790
    • Backonja, M.M.1
  • 70
    • 0037491076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 receptor and ischemic cell death: Prevention by P2 antagonists
    • 4 receptor and ischemic cell death: prevention by P2 antagonists Neuroscience 120 2003 85 98
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.120 , pp. 85-98
    • Cavaliere, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.