Characterization of batch-microfabricated scanning electrochemical-atomic force microscopy probes

Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 424-434

  Dobson, Phillip S ^a   Weaver, John M R ^a   Holder, Mark N ^b   Unwin, Patrick R ^b   Macpherson, Julie V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; DEMODULATION; DIFFUSION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODES; VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT;

MICROFABRICATION; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL-ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (SECM-AFM); ULTRAMICROELECTRODES (UME); VOLTAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS;

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

GOLD; RUTHENIUM DERIVATIVE; SILICON NITRIDE;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; BATCH PROCESS; DIFFUSION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; FILM; MICROELECTRODE; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY;

EID: 12244308649     PISSN: 00032700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ac048930e     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. (a) Binnig, G.; Quate, C. F.; Gerber, Ch. Phys. Rev. Letts. 1986, 56, 930.
2. (b) Rugar, D.; Hansma, P. K. Phys. Today 1990, 43, 23.
3. (c) Wiesendanger, R. Scanning Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K., 1994.
4. (a) Noy, A.; Vezenov, D. V.; Lieber, C. M. Anna. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1997, 27, 381.
5. (b) Frisbie, C. D.; Rosnyai, L. F.; Noy A., Wrighton, M. S.; Lieber, C. M. Science 1994, 265, 2071.
6. (c) Lee, G. U.; Chrisey, L. A.; Colton, R. J. Science 1994, 266, 771.
7. Bard, A. J., Mirkin, M. V., Eds. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Marcel Dekker. New York, 2001.
8. Hansma, H. G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96, 14678.
9. Basame, S. B.; White, H. S. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 9812.
10. Scott, E. R.; White, H. S.; Phipps, J. B. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 1537.
11. (a) Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 1704.
12. (b) Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 3338.
13. Yatziv, Y.; Turyan, I.; Mandler, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5618.
14. Wipf, D. O. Colloid Surf. A 1994, 93, 251.
15. Gardner, C. E.; Macpherson, J. V. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 576A.
16. (a) Hengstenberg, A.; Kranz, C.; Schuhmann, W.; Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 1547.
17. (b) Ballesteros Katemann, B.; Schulte, A.; Schuhmann, W. Electroanalysis 2004, 16, 60.
18. Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R.; Hillier, A. C.; Bard, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6445.
19. Jones, C. E.; Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 2351.
20. Jones, C. E.; Unwin, P. R.; Macpherson, J. V. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2003, 4, 139.
21. Macpherson, J. V.; Jones, C. E.; Barker, A. L.; Unwin, P. R. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1841.
22. Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 276-285.
23. Abbou, J.; Demaille, C.; Druet, M.; Moiroux, J. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 6355.
24. Macpherson, J. V.; Gueneau de Mussy, J. P.; Delplancke, J. L. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2001, 4, E33.
25. Boxley, C.; White, H. S.; Gardner, C. E.; Macpherson, J. V. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 379.
26. Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 550.
27. Kranz, C.; Friedbacher, G.; Mizaikoff, B.; Lugstein, A.; Bertagnolli, E. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 2491.
28. Amman, E.; Beuret, C.; Indermuhle, P. F.; Kotz, R.; de Rooij, N. F.; Siegenthaler, H. Electrochim. Acta 2001, 47, 327.
29. Kueng, A.; Kranz, C.; Lugstein, A.; Bertagnolli, E.; Mizaikoff, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3238.
30. Kueng, A.; Kranz, C.; Mizaikoff, B.; Lugstein, A.; Bertagnolli, E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 1592.
31. Zhou, H.; Mills, G.; Chong, B. K.; Midha, A.; Donaldson, L.; Weaver, J. M. R. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1999, 17, 2233.
32. Dobson, P. S.; Holder, M. N.; Unwin, P. R.; Macpherson, J. V.; Weaver, J. M. R. In preparation.
33. Mills, G.; Zhou, H.; Midha, A.; Donaldson, L.; Weaver, J. M. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 72, 2900.
34. Wightman, R. M.; Wipf, D. O. In Electroanalytical Chemistry, Bard, A. J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1989; Vol. 15, p 145.
35. Scharifker, B. F. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1988, 120, 61.
36. Pletcher, D.; Sotiropoulos, S. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1993, 356, 109.
37. Birkin, P. R.; Silva-Martinez, S. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2055.
38. Wehmeyer, K. R.; Deakin, M. R.; Wightman, R. M. Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1913.
39. Porat, Z.; Crooker, J. C.; Zhany, Y.; Le Mest, Y.; Murray, R. W. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 5073.
40. Butter, J. L; Bechhoefer, J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1993, 64, 1868.
41. Holder, M. N.; Wilson, N. R.; Macpherson, J. V. Unpublished data.
42. (a) Mandler, D.; Unwin, P. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 407.
43. (b) Zhang, J.; Barker, A. L; Mandler, D.; Unwin, P. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 9312.
44. Wipf, D. O.; Bard, A. J. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991, 138, 469.
45. Unwin, P. R.; Bard, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 7814.
46. Mirkin, M. V.; Fan, F. R. F.; Bard, A. J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1992, 328, 47.
47. Pierce, D. T.; Unwin, P. R.; Bard, A. J. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 1795.
48. Hengstenberg, A.; Blöchl, A.; Dietzel, I. D.; Schuhmann, W. Angew. Chem., Intl. Ed. 2001, 40, 905.
49. (a) Wittstock, G.; Schuhmann, W. Anal. Chem. 1997, 71, 55059.
50. (b) Oyamatsu, D.; Hirano, Y.; Kanaya, N.; Mase, Y.; Nishizawa, M.; Matsue, T. Bioelectrochemistry 2003, 60, 115.
51. (a) Amatore, C.; Arbault, S.; Bruce, D.; de Oliveira, P.; Erard, M.; Vuillaume, M. Faraday Discuss. 2000, 116, 319.
52. (b) Garris, P. A.; Kilpatrick, M.; Bunin, M. A.; Michael, D.; Walker, Q. D.; Wightman, R. M. Nature 1999, 398, 67.
53. Amatore, C.; Bento, M. F.; Montenegro, M. I. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 2800.