Apoptosis: The complex scenario for a silent cell death

Molecular Imaging and Biology

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 2-14

  Böhm, Ingrid ^a   Schild, Hans ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Annexin V; Apoptosis; Bcl 2 molecules; Caspases; CD95 Fas; DNA fragmentation

Indexed keywords

ANNEXIN; CASPASE; DNA FRAGMENT; FAS ANTIGEN; PROTEIN BCL 2;

APOPTOSIS; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CELL DAMAGE; CELL DEATH; CELL FUNCTION; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL SURFACE; CYTOLOGY; DNA DEGRADATION; ENHANCER REGION; GENE MUTATION; HOMEOSTASIS; IMAGING SYSTEM; INFLAMMATION; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ANNEXIN A5; ANTIGENS, CD95; APOPTOSIS; CELL DIVISION; DNA FRAGMENTATION; FAS LIGAND PROTEIN; HUMANS; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NECROSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2;

EID: 0037908647     PISSN: 15361632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1536-1632(03)00024-6     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Kerr J.F.R. Wyllie A.H. Currie A.R. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics Br J Cancer 26 1972 239-257
2. Lewis K. Programmed death in bacteria Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64 2000 503-514
3. Ellis R.E. Yuan J.Y. Horvitz H.R. Mechanisms and functions of cell death Annu Rev Cell Biol 7 1991 663-698
4. Majno G. Joris I. Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis Am J Pathol 146 1995 3-15
5. Nicholson D.W. Thornberry N.A. Caspases: killer proteases Trends Biochem Sci 22 1997 299-306
6. Nagata S. Apoptosis by death factor Cell 88 1997 355-365
7. Krammer P.H. CD95's deadly mission in the immune system Nature 407 2000 789-795
8. Trauth B.C. Klas C. Peters A.M.et-al Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis Science 245 1989 301-305
9. Itoh N. Yonehara S. Ishii A.et-al The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis Cell 66 1991 233-243
10. Sartorius U. Schmitz I. Krammer P.H. Molecular mechanisms of death-receptor-mediated apoptosis Chembiochem 2 2001 20-29
11. Chinnaiyan A.M. Tepper C.G. Seldin M.F.et-al. FADD/MORT1 is a common mediator of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-induced apoptosis J Biol Chem 271 1996 4961-4965
12. Scaffidi C. Volkland J. Blomberg I. Hoffmann I. Krammer P.H. Peter M.E. Phosphorylation of FADD/MORT1 at serine 194 and association with a 70kDa cell cycle-regulated protein kinase J Immunol 164 2000 1236-1242
13. Imai Y. Kimura T. Murakami A. Yajima N. Sakamaki K. Yonehara S. The CED-4-homologous protein FLASH is involved in Fas-mediated activation of caspase-8 during apoptosis Nature 398 1999 777-785
14. Brunner T. Kasibhatla S. Pinkoski M.J.et-al Expression of Fas ligand in activated T cells is regulated by c-Myc J Biol Chem 275 2000 9767-9772
15. Griffith T.S. Brunner T. Fletcher S.M. Green D.R. Ferguson T.A. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege Science 270 1995 1189-1192
16. Schneider P. Holler N. Bodmer J.L.et-al Conversion of membrane-bound Fas (CD95) ligand to its soluble form is associated with down-regulation of its proapoptotic activity and loss of liver toxicity J Exp Med 187 1998 1205-1210
17. Tanaka M. Itai T. Adachi M. Nagata S. Down regulation of Fas ligand by shedding Nature Med 4 1998 31-36
18. Müller M. Wilder S. Bannasch D.et-al p53 activates the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) gene in response to DNA damage by anticancer drugs J Exp Med 188 1998 2033-2045
19. Hill L.L. Ouhtit A. Loughlin S.M. Kripke M.L. Ananthaswamy H.N. Owen-Schaub L.B. Fas ligand: a sensor for DNA damage critical in skin cancer etiology Science 285 1999 898-900
20. cip-1/WAF-1, which promotes apoptosis J Immunol 164 2000 4032-4036
21. Stegh A.H. Schickling O. Ehret A.et-al DEDD, a novel death effector domain-containing protein, targeted to the nucleolus EMBO J 17 1998 5974-5986
22. Scaffidi C. Schmitz I. Zha J. Korsmeyer S.J. Krammer P.H. Peter M.E. Differential modulation of apoptosis sensitivity in CD95 type I and II cells J Biol Chem 274 1999 22532-22538
23. Alderson M.R. Armitage R.L. Marakovsky E.et-al Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes J Exp Med 178 1993 2231-2235
24. Biancone L. De Martino A. Orlandi V. Conaldi P.G. Toniolo A. Camussi G. Development of inflammatory angiogenesis by local stimulation of Fas in vivo J Exp Med 186 1997 147-152
25. Toyoshima F. Moriguchi T. Nishida E. Fas induced cytoplasmic apoptotic responses and activation of the MKK7-JNK/SAPK and MKK6-p38 pathways independent of CPP32-like proteases J Cell Biol 139 1997 1005-1015
26. Goillot E. Raingeaud J. Ranger A.et-al Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated Fas apoptotic signaling pathway Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 94 1997 3302-3307
27. Scaffidi C. Schmitz I. Krammer P.H. Peter M.E. The role of c-FLIP in modulation of CD95-induced apoptosis J Biol Chem 274 1999 1541-1548
28. Vella A.T. Dow S. Potter T.A. Kappler J. Marrack P. Cytokine-induced survival of activated T cells in vitro and in vivo Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 95 1998 3810-3815
29. Amos C.L. Woetmann A. Nielsen M.et-al The role of caspase 3 and Bcl-xL in the action of interleukin 7 (IL-7): a survival factor in activated human T cells Cytokine 10 1998 662-668
30. Franke T.F. Kaplan D.R. Cantley L.C. PI3K: downstream action blocks apoptosis Cell 88 1998 435-437
31. Kauffmann-Zeh A. Rodriguez-Viciana P. Ulrich E.et-al Suppression of c-Myc-induced apoptosis by Ras signalling through PI(3)K and PKB Nature 385 1997 544-548
32. Cardone M.H. Roy N. Stennicke H.R.et-al Regulation of cell death protease caspase-9 by phosphorylation Science 282 1998 1318-1321
33. Datta S.R. Dudek H. Tao X.et-al Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery Cell 91 1997 231-241
34. Häusler P. Papoff G. Eramo A. Reif K. Cantrell D.A. Ruberti G. Protection of CD95-mediated apoptosis by activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B Eur J Immunol 28 1998 57-69
35. Wang C.Y. Mayo M.W. Korneluk R.G. Goeddel D.V. Baldwin A.S. NF-kappaB anti-apoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation Science 281 1998 1680-1683
36. Boise L.H. Noel P.J. Thompson C.B. CD28 and apoptosis Curr Opin Immunol 7 1995 620-625
37. Kim P.K. Kwon Y.G. Chung H.T. Kim Y.M. Regulation of caspases by nitric oxide Ann NY Acad Sci 962 2002 42-52
38. Tsujimoto Y. Gorham J. Cossman J. Jaffe E. Groce C.M. The t (14:18) chromosome translocation involved in B cell neoplasma result from mistakes in VDJ joining Science 229 1985 1390-1394
39. Adams J.M. Cory S. The Bcl-2 protein family: arbiters of cell survival Science 281 1998 1322-1326
40. Kroemer G. The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis Nature Med 3 1997 614-620
41. Reed J.C. Bcl-2 family proteins Oncogene 17 1998 3225-3236
42. Reed J.C. Double identity for proteins of the Bcl-2 family Nature 387 1997 773-776
43. Oltvai Z.N. Korsmeyer S.J. Checkpoints of dueling dimers foil death wishes Cell 79 1994 189-192
44. Yang E. Korsmeyer S.J. Molecular thanatopsis: a discourse on the Bcl-2 family and cell death Blood 88 1996 386-401
45. Debra T.C. Stanley J.K. Bcl-2 family: regulators of cell death Annu Rev Immunol 16 1998 395-419
46. Otani H. Erdos M. Leonard W.J. Tyrosine kinase(s) regulate apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in a growth factor-dependent cell line J Biol Chem 268 1993 22733-22736
47. Miyashita T. Krajewski S. Krajewska M.et-al Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression invitro and invivo. Oncogene 9 1994 1799-1805
48. Miyashita T. Reed J.C. Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene Cell 80 1995 293-299
49. Han J. Sabbatini P. Perez D. Rao L. Modha D. White E. The inducible E1B 19K protein blocks apoptosis by interacting with and inhibiting the p53-inducible and death-promoting Bax protein Genes Dev 10 1996 461-476
50. Krajewski S. Tanaka S. Takayama S. Schibler M.J. Fenton W. Reed J.C. Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the bcl-2 oncoprotein: residence in nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes Cancer Res 53 1993 4701-4714
51. Minn A.J. Velez P. Schendel S.L.et-al Bcl-x(L) forms an ion channel in synthetic lipid membranes Nature 385 1997 353-357
52. Schendel S.L. Xie Z. Montal M.O. Matsuyama S. Montal M. Reed J.C. Channel formation by antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 94 1997 5113-5118
53. Rossé T. Olivier R. Monney L.et-al Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival after Bax-induced release of cytochrome c Nature 391 1998 496-499
54. Yang J. Xuesong L. Bhalla K.et-al Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked Science 275 1997 1129-1132
55. Kluck R.M. Bossy-Wetzel E. Green D.R. Newmeyer D.D. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis Science 275 1997 1132-1136
56. Zhivotovsky B. Orrenius S. Brustugun O.T. Doskeland S.O. Injected cytochrome c induces apoptosis Nature 391 1998 449-450
57. Wolter K.G. Hsu Y.T. Smith C.L. Nechustan A. Xi X.G. Youle R.J. Movement of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria during apoptosis J Cell Biol 139 1997 1281-1292
58. Wang H.G. Rapp U.R. Reed J.C. Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria Cell 87 1996a 629-638
59. Wang H.G. Takayama S. Rapp U.R. Reed J.C. Bcl-2 interacting protein, BAG-1, binds to and activates the kinase Raf-1 Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 93 1996b 7063-7068
60. Shibasaki F. Kondo E. Akagi T. McKeon F. Suppression of signalling through transcription factor NF-AT by interactions between calcineurin and Bcl-2 Nature 386 1997 728-731
61. Grandgirard D. Studer E. Monney L. Belser T. Fellay I. Borner C.et-al Alphaviruses induce apoptosis in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells: evidence for a caspase-mediated, proteolytic inactivation of Bcl-2 EMBO J 17 1998 1268-1278
62. L through caspase interaction Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 95 1998 554-559
63. Fujita N. Tsuruo T. Involvement of Bcl-2 cleavage in the acceleration of VP-16-induced U937 cell apoptosis Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246 1998 484-488
64. L protein by caspase-3-like proteases Oncogene 17 1998 1295-1304
65. Fadeel B. Hassan Z. Hellström-Lindberg E. Henter J.I. Orrenius S. Zhivotovsky B. Cleavage of Bcl-2 is an early event in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of human myeloid leukemic cells Leukemia 13 1999 719-728
66. Cheng E.H.Y. Kirsch D.G. Clem R.J.et-al Conversion of bcl-2 to a Bax-like death effector by caspases Science 278 1997 1966-1968
67. Kim Y.M. Kim T.H. Seol D.W. Talanian R.V. Billiar T.R. Nitric oxide suppression of apoptosis occurs in association with an inhibition of Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release J Biol Chem 273 1998 31437-31441
68. Yamamoto A.M. Eloy L. Bach J.F. Garchon H.J. N-terminus cleavage of Bcl-2 by a novel cellular non-ICE cysteine proteinase Leukemia 12 1998 1467-1472
69. Wood D.E. Thomas A. Devi L.A.et-al Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced apoptosis Oncogene 17 1998 1069-1078
70. Li H. Zhu H. Xu C.J. Yuan J. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis Cell 94 1998 491-501
71. Luo X. Budihardjo I. Zhou H. Slaughter C. Wang X. Bid, a Bcl-2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors Cell 94 1998 481-490
72. Goping I.S. Gross A. Lavoie J.N.et-al Regulated targeting of BAX to mitochondria J Cell Biol 143 1998 207-215
73. Ravagnan L. Roumier T. Kroemer G. Mitochondria: the killer organelles and their weapons J Cell Physiol 192 2002 131-137
74. Wyllie A.H. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease Nature 284 1980 555-556
75. Rao L. Perez D. White E. Lamin proteolysis facilitates nuclear events during apoptosis J Cell Biol 135 1996 1441-1455
76. Sahara S. Aoto M. Eguchi Y.et-al Acinus is a caspase 3-activated protein required for apoptotic chromatin condensation Nature 401 1999 168-172
77. Susin S.A. Lorenzo H.K. Zamzami N.et-al Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor Nature 397 1999 441-446
78. Hirata H. Takahashi A. Kobayashi S.et-al Caspases are activated in a branched protease cascade and control distinct downstream processes in Fas-induced apoptosis J Exp Med 187 1998 587-600
79. Liu X. Zou H. Slaughter C. Wang X. DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis Cell 89 1997 175-184
80. Enari M. Sakahira H. Yokoyama H. Okawa K. Iwamatsu A. Nagata S. A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during apoptosis, and its inhibitor ICAD Nature 391 1998 43-50
81. Liu X. Li P. Widlak P.et-al The 40-kDa subunit of DNA fragmentation factor induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 95 1998 8461-8466
82. Sakahira H. Enari M. Nagata S. Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis Nature 391 1998 96-99
83. Liu X. Zou H. Widlak P. Garrard W. Wang X. Activation of the apoptotic endonuclease DFF40 caspase-activated DNase or nuclease. Oligomerization and direct interaction with histone H1 J Biol Chem 274 1999 13836-13840
84. Ucker D.S. Meyers J. Obermiller P.S. Activation-driven T cell death. II. Quantitative differences alone distinguish stimuli triggering nontransformed T cell proliferation or death J Immunol 149 1992 1583-1592
85. Schulze-Osthoff K. Walczak H. Droge W. Krammer P.H. Cell nucleus and DNA fragmentation are not required for apoptosis J Cell Biol 127 1994 15-20
86. Zhang J. Wang X. Bove K.E. Xu M. DNA Fragmentation Factor 45-deficient Cells Are More Resistant to Apoptosis and Exhibit Different Dying Morphology than Wild-type Control Cell J Biol Chem 274 1999 37450-37454
87. Zhang J. Liu X. Scherer D.C. Van Kaer L. Wang X. Xu M. Resistance to DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation in mice lacking the DNA fragmentation factor 45 Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 95 1998 12480-12485
88. Samejima K. Tone S. Kottke T.J.et-al Transition from caspase-dependent to caspase-independent mechanisms at the onset of apoptotic execution J Cell Biol 143 1998 225-239
89. Vaughan A.T. Betti C.J. Villalobos M.J. Surviving apoptosis Apoptosis 7 2002 173-177