Metal glycosylidenes: Novel organometallic tools for C-glycosidation: Part 19. Organotransition metal modified sugars

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

Volumn 617, Issue 618, 2001, Pages 119-132

  Dötz, Karl Heinz ^a   Jäkel, Christoph ^a   Haase, Wilm Christian ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Asymmetric synthesis; C Glycosidation; Carbene complexes; Carbohydrates; Glycosylidenes

Indexed keywords

BETULACEAE;

EID: 0037510328     PISSN: 0022328X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-328X(00)00650-1     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. E. Gomes, K.H. Dötz, Tetrahedron, in press.
2. S.J. Danishefsky, J.R. Allen, Angew. Chem. 112 (2000) 883; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 39 (2000) 836.
3. S.J. Danishefsky, J.R. Allen, Angew. Chem. 112 (2000) 883; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 39 (2000) 836.
4. (a) R. Pili, J. Chang, R.A. Patris, R.A. Mueller, F.J. Chrest, A. Passaniti, Cancer Res. 55 (1995) 2920.
5. (b) C.-H. Wong, P. Sears, Angew. Chem. 111 (1999) 2446; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38 (1999) 2300.
6. (b) C.-H. Wong, P. Sears, Angew. Chem. 111 (1999) 2446;Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38 (1999) 2300.
7. For reviews, see: (a) M.H.D. Postema, C-Glycoside Synthesis, CRC Press, London, 1995. (b) J.-M. Beau, T. Gallagher, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 1. © F. Nicotra, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 55.
8. For reviews, see: (a) M.H.D. Postema, C-Glycoside Synthesis, CRC Press, London, 1995. (b) J.-M. Beau, T. Gallagher, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 1. © F. Nicotra, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 55.
9. For reviews, see: (a) M.H.D. Postema, C-Glycoside Synthesis, CRC Press, London, 1995. (b) J.-M. Beau, T. Gallagher, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 1. © F. Nicotra, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 55.
10. (a) R.J. Suhadohuk, Nucleoside Antibiotics, Wiley-Interscience, New-York, 1970.
11. (b) S. Hanessian, A.G. Demet, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 33 (1970) 111.
12. J. Pietruszka, Angew. Chem. 110 (1998) 2773; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 37 (1998) 2629.
13. J. Pietruszka, Angew. Chem. 110 (1998) 2773; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 37 (1998) 2629.
14. H. Driguez, J. Thiem (Eds.), Glycoscience: Synthesis of Substrate Analogs and Mimetics, Top. Curr. Chem. 187, Springer, Berlin, 1997.
15. (a) I. Frappa, D. Sinou, J. Carbohydr. Chem. 16 (1997) 255.
16. (b) O. Jarreton, T. Skrydstrup, J.-F. Espinosa, J. Jimènez-Barbero, J.-M. Beau, Chem. Eur. J. 5 (1999) 430.
17. (a) G.L. Trainor, B.E. Smart, J. Org. Chem. 48 (1983) 2447.
18. (b) P. DeShong, G.A. Slough, V. Elango, G.L. Trainor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107 (1985) 7788.
19. (a) P. DeShong, G.A. Slough, D.R. Sidler, V. Elango, P.J. Rybinski, L.J. Smith, T.A. Lessen, T.X. Le, G.B. Anderson, in: R.M. Giuliano (Ed.), Cycloaddition Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series 494, Washington DC, 1992.
20. (b) P. DeShong, E.D. Soli, D.R. Sidler, V. Elango, P.J. Rybcynski, L.J.S. Vosejpka, T.A. Lessen, T.X. Le, G.B. Anderson, W. von Philipsborn, M. Vöhler, D. Rentsch, O. Zerbe, J. Organomet. Chem. 593-594 (2000) 49.
21. E.O. Fischer, A. Maasböl, Angew. Chem. 76 (1964) 645; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 3 (1964) 580.
22. E.O. Fischer, A. Maasböl, Angew. Chem. 76 (1964) 645; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 3 (1964) 580.
23. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
24. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
25. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
26. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
27. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
28. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
29. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
30. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
31. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
32. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
33. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
34. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
35. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
36. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
37. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
38. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
39. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
40. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
41. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
42. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
43. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
44. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
45. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
46. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
47. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
48. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
49. For reviews concerning Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (a) K.-H. Dötz, H. Fischer, P. Hoffmann, F.R. Kreißl, U. Schubert, K. Weiss, Transition Metal Carbene Complexes, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1983. (b) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) 573; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23 (1984) 587. © W.D. Wulff, in: B.M. Trost, I. Fleming, L.A. Paquette (Eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991, 1065. (d) A. de Meijere, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 61. (e) J. Barluenga, Pure Appl. Chem. 68 (1996) 543. (f) D.F. Harvey, D.M. Sigano, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 271. (g) W.D. Wulff, Organometallics 17 (1998) 3116. (h) F. Zaragoza-Dörwald, Metal Carbenes in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1999.For metal-centered cycloaddition reactions, see: (i) P. Tomuschat, K.H. Dötz, Chem. Soc. Rev. 28 (1999) 187. (j) K.H. Dötz, Angew. Chem. 87 (1975) 672; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 14 (1975) 644. (k) K.S. Chan, G.A. Peterson, T.A. Brandvold, K.L. Faron, C.A. Challener, C. Hyldahl, W.D. Wulff, J. Organomet. Chem. 334 (1987) 9. (l) M.M. Gleichmann, K.H. Dötz, B.A. Hess, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 10551. (m) J. Barluenga, F. Aznar, I. Gutiérrez, A. Martín, S. García-Granda, M.A. Llorca-Baragaño, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1314. (n) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 1356. (o) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 105 (1972) 3966. (p) A. Wienand, H.-U. Reissig, Organometallics 9 (1990) 3133. (q) J. Pfeiffer, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, Eur. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 1011. For photochemical reactions of Fischer-type carbene complexes, see: (r) L.S. Hegedus, Tetrahedron 53 (1997) 4105. (s) A.B. Bueno, W.H. Moser, L.S. Hegedus, J. Org. Chem. 63 (1998) 1462. For ligand-centered reactions, see: (t) W.D. Wulff, W.E. Bauta, R.W. Kaesler, P.J. Lackford, R.A. Miller, C.K. Murray, D.C. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 3642. (u) C.G. Kreiter, Angew. Chem. 80 (1968) 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7 (1968) 390. (v) C.P. Casey, W.R. Brunsvold, D.M. Scheck, Inorg. Chem. 16 (1977) 3059. (w) T.S. Powers, Y. Shi, K.J. Wilson, W.D. Wulff, A.L. Rheingold, J. Org. Chem. 59 (1994) 6882. (x) E. Nakamura, K. Tanaka, T. Fujimura, S. Aoki, P.G. Williard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 9015.
50. Pill T., Polborn K., Beck W. Chem. Ber. 123:1990;11.
51. Krawielitzki S., Beck W. Chem. Ber. Recl. 130:1997;1659.
52. (a) H. Fischer, J. Schleu, G. Roth, Chem. Ber. 128 (1995) 373.
53. (b) H. Fischer, J. Schleu, Chem. Ber. 129 (1996) 385.
54. © H. Fischer, K. Weißenbach, C. Karl, A. Geyer, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. (1998) 339.
55. (a) R. Aumann, Chem. Ber. 125 (1992) 2773.
56. (b) R. Aumann, Chem. Ber. 127 (1994) 725.
57. Dötz K.H., Ehlenz R. Chem. Eur. J. 3:1997;1751.
58. For recent reviews, see: (a) A. Vasella, Glycosylidene Carbenes, in: S. Hecht (Ed.), Bioorganic Chemistry, vol 3, Carbohydrates, Oxford Press, New York, 1999, 56. (b) A. Vasella, Pure Appl. Chem. 65 (1993) 731.
59. For recent reviews, see: (a) A. Vasella, Glycosylidene Carbenes, in: S. Hecht (Ed.), Bioorganic Chemistry, vol 3, Carbohydrates, Oxford Press, New York, 1999, 56. (b) A. Vasella, Pure Appl. Chem. 65 (1993) 731.
60. (a) M. Semmelhack, G.R. Lee, Organometallics 6 (1987) 1839.
61. (b) R. Imwinkelried, L.S. Hegedus, Organometallics 7 (1988) 702.
62. © M.A. Schwindt, T. Lejon, L.S. Hegedus, Organometallics 9 (1990) 2814.
63. (d) M.A. Schwindt, J.R. Miller, L.S. Hegedus, J. Organomet. Chem. 413 (1991) 143.
64. (a) K.H. Dötz, W. Straub, R. Ehlenz, K. Peseke, R. Meisel, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 2023.
65. (b) R. Ehlenz, M. Nieger, K. Airola, K.H. Dötz, J. Carbohydr. Chem. 16 (1997) 1305.
66. Dötz K.H., Ehlenz R., Straub W., Weber J.C., Airola K., Nieger M. J. Organomet. Chem. 548:1997;91.
67. R. Ehlenz, Dissertation (1996) Universität Bonn.
68. (a) O.M. Saavedra, O.R. Martin, J. Org. Chem. 61 (1996) 6987.
69. (b) T. Fuchss, H. Streicher, R.R. Schmidt, Liebigs Ann. (1997) 1315.
70. © K. Krachenbuchl, S. Picasso, P. Vogel, Helv. Chim. Acta 81 (1998) 1439.
71. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
72. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
73. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
74. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
75. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
76. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
77. For recent reviews, see: (a) M.L. Sinnott, Chem. Rev. 90 (1990) 1171. (b) B. Winchester, G.W.J. Fleet, Glycobiology 2 (1992) 199. © G.C. Look, C.H. Fotsch, C.-H. Wong, Acc. Chem. Res. 26 (1993) 182. (d) C.-H. Wong, R.L. Halcomb, Y. Ichikawa, T. Kajimoto, Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 453, 569; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (1995) 412, 521. (e) A. deRaadt, C.E. Ekhart, M. Ebner, A.E. Stütz, Top. Curr. Chem. 187 (1997) 157. (f) N. Asano, R.J. Nash, R.J. Molyneux, G.W.J. Fleet, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 11 (2000) 1645.
78. (a) K.H. Dötz, W.-C. Haase, M. Klumpe, M. Nieger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1997) 1217.
79. (b) K.H. Dötz, M. Klumpe, M. Nieger, Chem. Eur. J. 5 (1999) 691.
80. Haase W.-C., Nieger M., Dötz K.H. Chem. Eur. J. 5:1999;2014.
81. Storz T., Vasella A. Helv. Chim. Acta. 81:1998;1896.
82. Collins P., Ferrier R. Monosaccharides: Their Chemistry and their Roles in Natural Products. 1995;Wiley, Chichester.
83. S.J. Danishefsky, M.T. Bilodeau, Angew. Chem. 108 (1996) 1482; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35 (1996) 1380.
84. S.J. Danishefsky, M.T. Bilodeau, Angew. Chem. 108 (1996) 1482; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35 (1996) 1380.
85. (a) S. Hanessian, M. Martin, R.C. Desai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1986) 926.
86. (b) J.R. Bearder, M.L. Dewis, D.A. Whiting, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1995) 227.
87. K.H. Dötz, R. Ehlenz, D. Paetsch, Angew. Chem. 109 (1997) 2473; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36 (1997) 2376.
88. K.H. Dötz, R. Ehlenz, D. Paetsch, Angew. Chem. 109 (1997) 2473; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36 (1997) 2376.
89. The same sequence allowed for the preparation of 2-deoxy-glucosylcarbene complexes starting with 1-lithiated 2-deoxy-glucose: Ref. [22].
90. Hallett M.R., Painter J.E., Quayle P., Ricketts D., Patel D.P. Tetrahedron Lett. 39:1998;2851.
91. 5THF followed by CO-insertion and alkylation afforded functionalized carbene complexes in moderate yields: P. Knochel, H. Stadtmüller, Organometallics 14 (1995) 3163.
92. 5THF followed by CO-insertion and alkylation afforded functionalized carbene complexes in moderate yields: P. Knochel, H. Stadtmüller, Organometallics 14 (1995) 3163.
93. R.J. Ferrier, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. (1969) 199.
94. Jäkel C., Dötz K.H. Tetrahedron. 56:2000;2167.
95. Dötz K.H., Sturm W. J. Organomet. Chem. 285:1985;205.
96. Weyershausen B., Nieger M., Dötz K.H. J. Org. Chem. 65:1999;4206.
97. (a) F.E. McDonald, Chem. Eur. J. 5 (1999) 3103.
98. (b) F.E. McDonald, K.S. Reddy, Y. Diaz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 4304.
99. (a) H. Le Bozec, C. Cosset, P.H. Dixneuf, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1991) 881.
100. (b) C. Cosset, I. Del Rio, H. Le Bozec, Organometallics 14 (1995) 1939.
101. Dötz K.H., Paetsch D., Le Bozec H. J. Organomet. Chem. 589:1999;11.
102. (a) K.H. Dötz, C.G. Kreiter, J. Organomet. Chem. 99 (1975) 309.
103. (b) K.H. Dötz, C.G. Kreiter, Chem. Ber. 109 (1976) 2026.
104. © K.H. Dötz, I. Pruskil, J. Organomet. Chem. 132 (1977), 115.
105. (d) K.H. Dötz, Chem. Ber. 110 (1977) 78.
106. Casey C.P., Polichnowsky S.W., Shusterman A.J., Jones C.R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101:1979;7282.
107. (a) H. Fischer, U. Schubert, R. Märkl, Chem. Ber. 114 (1981) 3412.
108. (b) H. Fischer, R. Märkl, Chem. Ber. 118 (1985) 3683.
109. Fischer H., Zeuner S., Ackermann K., Schubert U. J. Organomet. Chem. 263:1984;201.
110. W.-C. Haase, M. Nieger, K.H. Dötz, submitted.
111. C. Jäkel, K.H. Dötz, Diploma Thesis (1998) Universität Bonn.
112. (a) D. Paetsch, Dissertation (1998) Universität Bonn.
113. (b) W.-C. Haase, Dissertation (1999) Universität Bonn.
114. For a compilation of methods for the conversion of carbene complexes to different organic products, see: Ref. 12g.
115. (a) W.D. Wulff, R.P. Hsung, A.L. Rheingold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994) 6449.
116. (b) R.P. Hsung, W.D. Wulff, C.A. Challener, Synthesis (1996) 773.
117. Beddoes R.L., King J.D., Quayle P. Tetrahedron Lett. 17:1995;3027.
118. Dötz K.H., Stinner C. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 8:1997;1751.
119. K.H. Dötz, F. Otto, M. Nieger, J. Organomet. Chem., in press.
120. Pulley S.R., Carey J.P. J. Org. Chem. 63:1998;5275.
121. Paetsch D., Dötz K.H. Tetrahedron Lett. 40:1999;487.
122. (a) K.H. Dötz, E.O. Fischer, Chem. Ber. 103 (1970) 1273.
123. (b) H.-U. Reißig, Top. Curr. Chem. 114 (1988) 73.
124. W.-C. Haase, K.H. Dötz, submitted.
125. McGuire M.A., Hegedus L.S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104:1982;5538.
126. M. Klumpe, Dissertation (1998) Universität Bonn.