Transforming growth factor β1 prevents IL-1β-induced microglial activation, whereas TNFα- and IL-6-stimulated activation are not antagonized

GLIA

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 109-120

  Basu, Anirban ^a   Krady, J Kyle ^a   Enterline, Jonathan R ^a   Levison, Steven W ^a  

^a PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain injury; Cytokines; IFN ; Prostaglandins; Rats; TGF

Indexed keywords

AUTACOID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE 1; HCK PROTEIN, RAT; HEMATOPOIETIC CELL KINASE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; ISOENZYME; MESSENGER RNA; ONCOPROTEIN; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; PTK2 PROTEIN, RAT; TGFB1 PROTEIN, RAT; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN INJURY; CELL CULTURE; CHEMOTAXIS; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INTERACTION; ENCEPHALITIS; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; MALE; METABOLISM; MICROGLIA; NEWBORN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RAT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; BRAIN; BRAIN INJURIES; CELLS, CULTURED; CHEMOTAXIS; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DRUG INTERACTIONS; ENCEPHALITIS; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE 1; FOCAL ADHESION PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKIN-1; INTERLEUKIN-6; ISOENZYMES; MALE; MICROGLIA; PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-HCK; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RNA, MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; UP-REGULATION;

EID: 0036794963     PISSN: 08941491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/glia.10118     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Albrecht PJ, Dahl JP, Stoltzfus OK, Levenson R, Levison SW. 2002. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates spinal cord astrocytes, stimulating their production and release of fgf-2, to increase motor neuron survival. Exp Neurol 173:46-62.
2. Auron PE. 1998. The interleukin 1 receptor: ligand interactions and signal transduction. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 9:221-237.
3. Bahr BA. 1995. Long-term hippocampal slices: a model system for investigating synaptic mechanisms and pathologic processes. J Neurosci Res 42:294-305.
4. Banati RB, Gehrmann J, Schubert P, Kreutzberg GW. 1993. Cytotoxicity of microglia. Glia 7:111-118.
5. Basu A, Krady JK, Enterline JR, Glaccum MB, Levison SW. 2001. Microglial activation requires IL-1 receptor stimulation. J Neuroimmunol 118:94.
6. Basu A, Krady JK, O'Malley M, Styren SD, DeKosky ST, Levison SW. 2002. The type 1 interleukin-1 receptor is essential for the efficient activation of microglia and the induction of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators in response to brain injury. J Neurosci (in press).
7. Becher B, Prat A, Antel JP. 2000. Brain-immune connection: immunoregulatory properties of CNS-resident cells. Glia 29:293-304.
8. Benveniste EN, Huneycutt BS, Shrikant P, Ballestas ME. 1995. Second messenger systems in the regulation of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun 9:304-314.
9. Brenneman DE, Schultzberg M, Bartfai T, Gozes I. 1992. Cytokine regulation of neuronal survival. J Neurochem 58:454-460.
10. Colton CA, Gilbert DL. 1987. Production of superoxide anions by a CNS macrophage, the microglia. FEBS Lett 223:284-288.
11. DiChiara MR, Kiely JM, Gimbrone MA Jr, Lee ME, Perrella MA, Topper JN. 2000. Inhibition of E-selectin gene expression by transforming growth factor beta in endothelial cells involves coactivator integration of Smad and nuclear factor kappaB-mediated signals. J Exp Med 192:695-704.
12. Elkabes S, DiCicco-Bloom EM, Black IB. 1996. Brain microglia/macrophages express neurotrophins that selectively regulate microglial proliferation and function. J Neurosci 16:2508-2521.
13. Frei K, Siepl C, Groscurth P, Bodmer S, Schwerdel C, Fontana A. 1987. Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon-gamma-treated microglial cells. Eur J Immunol 17:1271-1278.
14. Gehrmann J, Banati RB, Wiessner C, Hossmann KA, Kreutzberg GW. 1995a. Reactive microglia in cerebral ischaemia: an early mediator of tissue damage? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 21:277-289.
15. Gehrmann J, Matsumoto Y, Kreutzberg GW. 1995b. Microglia: intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 20: 269-287.
16. Giroux M, Descoteaux A. 2000. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages: modulation by protein kinase C-alpha. J Immunol 165: 3985-3991.
17. Giulian D, Lachman LB. 1985. Interleukin-1 stimulation of astroglial proliferation after brain injury. Science 228:497-499.
18. Gonzalez-Scarano F, Baltuch G. 1999. Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Ann Rev Neurosci 22:219-240.
19. Hamanoue M, Takemoto N, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Nakajima K, Kohsaka S. 1996. Neurotrophic effect of hepatocyte growth factor on central nervous system neurons in vitro. J Neurosci Res 43:554-564.
20. Heese K, Hock C, Otten U. 1998. Inflammatory signals induce neurotrophin expression in human microglial cells. J Neurochem 70: 699-707.
21. Kaufmann WE, Worley PF, Pegg J, Bremer M, Isakson P. 1996. COX-2, a synaptically induced enzyme, is expressed by excitatory neurons at postsynaptic sites in rat cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2317-2321.
22. Koistinaho J, Chan PH. 2000. Spreading depression-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the cortex. Neurochem Res 25:645-651.
23. Kong LY, McMillian MK, Maronpot R, Hong JS. 1996. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors suppress the production of nitric oxide in mixed glia, microglia-enriched or astrocyte-enriched cultures. Brain Res 729:102-109.
24. Kong LY, Lai C, Wilson BC, Simpson JN, Hong JS. 1997. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in mixed glia, microglia-enriched or astrocyte-enriched cultures. Neurochem Int 30:491-497.
25. Krady JK, Basu A, Levison SW, Milner RJ. 2002. Differential expression of protein tyrosine kinase genes during microglia activation. Glia 40:11-24.
26. Ledeboer A, Breve JJ, Poole S, Tilders FJ, Van Dam AM. 2000. Interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and transforming growth factor-beta differentially regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in co-cultures of rat astroglial and microglial cells. Glia 30:134-142.
27. Lenschow DJ, Herold KC, Rhee L, Patel B, Koons A, Qin HY, Fuchs E, Singh B, Thompson CB, Bluestone JA. 1996. CD28/B7 regulation of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the development of autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 5:285-293.
28. Levi G, Minghetti L, Aloisi F. 1998. Regulation of prostanoid synthesis in microglial cells and effects of prostaglandin E2 on microglial functions. Biochimie 80:899-904.
29. Levison SW, McCarthy KD. 1991. Astroglia in culture. In: Banker GA, Goslin K, editors. Culturing nerve cells. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p 309-336.
30. Lowe J, MacLennan KA, Powe DG, Pound JD, Palmer JB. 1989. Microglial cells in human brain have phenotypic characteristics related to possible function as dendritic antigen presenting cells. J Pathol 159:143-149.
31. Maung K, Easty DJ, Hill SP, Bennett DC. 1999. Requirement for focal adhesion kinase in tumor cell adhesion. Oncogene 18:6824-6828.
32. Meng F, Lowell CA. 1998. A beta 1 integrin signaling pathway involving Src-family kinases, Cbl and PI-3 kinase is required for macrophage spreading and migration. EMBO J 17:4391-4403.
33. Merrill JE, Benveniste EN. 1996. Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful. Trends Neurosci 19:331-338.
34. Minghetti L, Polazzi E, Nicolini A, Levi G. 1998. Opposite regulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta1 and interleukin 10 in activated microglial cultures. J Neuroimmunol 82:31-39.
35. Minghetti L, Nicolini A, Polazzi E, Greco A, Perretti M, Parente L, Levi G. 1999a. Down-regulation of microglial cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by lipocortin 1. Br J Pharmacol 126:1307-1314.
36. Minghetti L, Walsh DT, Levi G, Perry VH. 1999b. In vivo expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat brain following intraparenchymal injection of bacterial endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:1184-1191.
37. Neta R, Oppenheim JJ, Schreiber RD, Chizzonite R, Ledney GD, MacVittie TJ. 1991. Role of cytokines (interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor beta) in natural and lipopolysaccharide-enhanced radioresistance. J Exp Med 173:1177-1182.
38. Pasinetti GM. 1998. Cyclooxygenase and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: experimental approaches and clinical interventions. J Neurosci Res 54:1-6.
39. Peyrin JM, Lasmezas CI, Haik S, Tagliavini F, Salmona M, Williams A, Richie D, Deslys JP, Dormont D. 1999. Microglial cells respond to amyloidogenic PrP peptide by the production of inflammatory cytokines. Neuroreport 10:723-729.
40. Slepko N, Levi G. 1996. Progressive activation of adult microglial cells in vitro. Glia 16:241-246.
41. Smith WL, DeWitt DL, Garavito RM. 2000. Cyclooxygenases: structural, cellular, and molecular biology. Ann Rev Biochem 69:145-182.
42. Streit WJ, Kreutzberg GW. 1988. Response of endogenous glial cells to motor neuron degeneration induced by toxic ricin. J Comp Neurol 268:248-263.
43. Streit WJ, Dumoulin FL, Raivich G, Kreutzberg GW. 1989. Calcitonin gene-related peptide increases in rat facial motoneurons after peripheral nerve transection. Neurosci Lett 101:143-148.
44. Streit WJ. 1996. The role of microglia in brain injury. Neurotoxicology 17:671-678.
45. Suen PW, Ilic D, Caveggion E, Berton G, Damsky CH, Lowell CA. 1999. Impaired integrin-mediated signal transduction, altered cytoskeletal structure and reduced motility in Hck/Fgr deficient macrophages. J Cell Sci 112:4067-4078.
46. Suzumura A, Sawada M, Yamamoto H, Marunouchi T. 1993. Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses activation and proliferation of microglia in vitro. J Immunol 151:2150-2158.
47. Takeuchi Y, Suzawa M, Kikuchi T, Nishida E, Fujita T, Matsumoto T. 1997. Differentiation and transforming growth factor-beta receptor down-regulation by collagen-alpha2betal integrin interaction is mediated by focal adhesion kinase and its downstream signals in murine osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 272:29309-29316.
48. Tan J, Town T, Saxe M, Paris D, Wu Y, Mullan M. 1999. Ligation of microglial CD40 results in p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent TNF-alpha production that is opposed by TGF-beta 1 and IL-10. J Immunol 163:6614-6621.
49. Tan J, Town T, Mori T, Wu Y, Saxe M, Crawford F, Mullan M. 2000. CD45 opposes beta-amyloid peptide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci 20:7587-7594.
50. Vincent VA, Tilders FJ, Van Dam AM. 1997. Inhibition of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide synthase production in microglial cells by the presence of astroglial cells: a role for transforming growth factor beta. Glia 19:190-198.
51. Walsh DT, Perry VH, Minghetti L. 2000. Cyclooxygenase-2 is highly expressed in microglial-like cells in a murine model of prion disease. Glia 29:392-396.
52. Wei R, Jonakait GM. 1999. Neurotrophins and the anti-inflammatory agents interleùkin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) down-regulate T cell costimulatory molecules B7 and CD40 on cultured rat microglia. J Neuroimmunol 95:8-18.
53. Yagi R, Tanaka S, Koike T. 1999. Thapsigargin induces microglial transformation from amoeboid to ramified type in vitro. Glia 28:49-52.
54. Yamagata K, Andreasson KI, Kaufmann WE, Barnes CA, Worley PF. 1993. Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids. Neuron 11:371-386.