Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1

Lancet

Volumn 352, Issue 9142, 1998, Pages 1725-1730

  Mocroft, A ^a   Vella, S ^b   Benfield, T L ^c   Chiesi, A ^b   Miller, V ^d   Gargalianos, P ^e   D'Arminio Monforte, A ^f   Yust, I ^g   Bruun, J N ^g   Phillips, A N ^a   Lundgren, J D ^c  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^c HVIDOVRE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d Zentrum der Inneren Medizin   (Germany)

^e KAT HOSPITAL   (Greece)

^f Clinica Malattie Infettive e Tropicali   (Italy)

^g NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; EUROPE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0032576426     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03201-2     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. 1 Selik RM, Chu SY, Buehler JW. HIV infection as leading cause of death among young adults in US cities and states. JAMA 1993; 269: 2991-94.
2. 2 Duncan-Saunders L, Rutherford GH, Lemp GF, et al. Impact of AIDS on mortality in San Francisco, 1979-1986. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retroviral 1990; 3: 921-24.
3. 3 Bindels PJE, Reeijneveld SA, Mulder-Folkerts DKF, et al. Impact of AIDS on premature mortality in Amsterdam, 1982-1992. AIDS 1994; 8: 233-37.
4. 4 Barbara JC, Mur CB, Mayans MV, et al. Premature mortality related to AIDS among men and women in Catalonia. AIDS 1993; 7: 1099-103.
5. 5 McCorminck A. Excess mortality associated with the HIV epidemic in England and Wales. BMJ 1991; 302: 1375-76.
6. 6 Mann JM. AIDS-the second decade: a global perspective. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 245-50.
7. 7 Delta Coordinating Committee. Delta: a randomised double-blind trial comparing combinations of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine with zidovudine alone in HIV-infected individuals. Lancet 1996; 348: 283-91.
8. 8 Hammer SM, Katzenstein DA, Hughes MD, et al. A trial comparing nucleoside monotherapy with combination therapy in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts from 0 to 500 per cubic millimetre. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1081-90.
9. 9 Saravolatz LD, Winslow DL, Collins G, et al. Zidovudine alone or in combination with didanosine or zalcitabine in HIV-infected patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimetre. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1099-106.
10. 10 CAESAR Coordinating Committee. Randomised trial of addition of lamivudine or lamivudine plus loviride to zidovudine-containing regimens for patients with HIV-1 infection: CAESAR trial. Lancet 1997; 349: 1413-21.
11. 11 Cameron DW, Heath-Chiozzi M, Danner S, et al. Randomised placebo controlled trial of ritonavir in advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet 1998; 351: 543-49.
12. 12 Lelezari J, Haubrich R, Burger HU MP, et al. Improved survival and decreased progression of HIV in patients treated with saquinavir (Invirase™, SQV) plus Hivid (Zalcitabine, ddc). XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver. July 7-12, 1996; LB.B.6033, (abstr).
13. 13 Gullick RM, Mellors JM, Havlir D, et al. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 734-39.
14. 14 Hammer SM, Squires KE, Hughes MD, et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeters or less. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 725-33.
15. 15 Chaisson MA, Berenson L, Li W, Schwarte S, Mojica B, Hamburg M. Declining AIDS mortality in New York City (NYC). Fourth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Washington USA. January 22-26, 1997: (abstr).
16. 16 Hogg RS, O'Shaugnessy MV, Gataric N, et al. Decline in deaths from AIDS due to new antiretrovirals. Lancet 1997; 349: 1294.
17. 17 Egger M, Hirschel B, Francioli P, et al. Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: multicentre study. BMJ 1997; 315: 1194-99.
18. 18 Centers for Disease Control. Update: trends in AIDS incidence-United States 1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46: 861-67.
19. 19 Lundgren JD, Phillips AN, Vella S, et al. Regional differences in the use of antiretrovirals and primary prophylaxis in 3122 European HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retroviral 1998; 17: 239-44.
20. 20 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992; 41 (RR-17): 1-19.
21. 21 Lundgren JD, Pedersen C, Clumeck N, et al. Survival differences in patients with AIDS, 1979-1989. BMJ 1994; 308: 1068-73.
22. 22 Carpenter CCJ, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1997. Updated recommendations of the Internationl AIDS society-USA Panel. JAMA 1997; 277: 1962-69.
23. 23 BHIVA Guidelines Coordinating Committee, British HIV Association guidelines for antiretroviral treatment of HIV seropositive individuals. Lancet 1997; 349: 1086-92.
24. 24 Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman A, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 853-60.
25. 25 Montaner JSG, Hogg RS, Yip B, et al. Zidovudine use rebounds as a result of lamivudine availability. JAMA 1996; 275: 598.
26. 26 Hogg RS, Heath KV, Yip B, Craib KJP, et al. Improved survuval among HIV-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. JAMA 1998; 279: 450-54.
27. 27 Kirk O, Mocroft A, Katzenstein T, et al. Changes in use of antiretroviral therapy in regions of Europe over time. AIDS, (in press).
28. 28 Williams IG. HIV therapy guidelines. Genitourin Med 1997; 73: 429-30.
29. 29 Flexner C. HIV protease inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1281-92.
30. 30 Glesby MJ, Hoover DR. Survivor treatment selection bias in observational studies: examples from the AIDS literature. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 999-1005.