Electrical heterogeneity within the ventricular wall

Basic Research in Cardiology

Volumn 96, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 517-527

  Antzelevitch, C ^a   Fish, J ^a  

^a MASONIC MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Brugada syndrome; Cardiac heterogeneity; Electrocardiogram (ECG); Long QT syndrome; M cell

Indexed keywords

ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; CALCIUM ION; SODIUM CHANNEL; SODIUM ION;

BRUGADA SYNDROME; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL TYPE; CHROMOSOME 11; CHROMOSOME 21; CHROMOSOME 3; CHROMOSOME 7; CORRELATION FUNCTION; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ENDOCARDIUM; EPICARDIUM; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; FAMILIAL DISEASE; FAMILY HISTORY; FATALITY; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART FAILURE; HEART HYPERTROPHY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE; HEART MUSCLE FIBER MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE POTENTIAL; HEART REPOLARIZATION; HEART VENTRICLE WALL MOTION; ION CURRENT; LONG QT SYNDROME; MEMBRANE CURRENT; NONHUMAN; QT INTERVAL; REVIEW; SODIUM CALCIUM EXCHANGE; SPIKE; STIMULATION; SUDDEN DEATH; T WAVE; WAVEFORM;

ANIMALS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; LONG QT SYNDROME; MYOCARDIUM;

EID: 0035194585     PISSN: 03008428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003950170002     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. MiRP1 forms IKr potassium channels with HERG and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia
2. Clinical and genetic variables associated with acute arousal and nonarousal-related cardiac events among subjects with long QT syndrome
3. The Brugada syndrome. Diagnostic criteria and cellular mechanisms
4. The Brugada syndrome: Ionic basis and arrhythmia mechanisms
5. Electrical heterogeneity in the heart: Physiological, pharmacological and clinical implications
6. The M cell. Its contribution to the ECG and to normal and abnormal electrical function of the heart
7. Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by after depolarizations: The role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsade de pointes
8. Heterogeneity within the ventricular wall: Electrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial, endocardial and M cells
9. The controversial M cell
10. Regional differences in electrophysiologic properties of epicardium, midmyocardium and endocardium: In vitro and in vivo correlations
11. Comparison of the cellular electrophysiological characteristics of canine left ventricular epicardium, M cells, endocardium and Purkinje fibres
12. Rate- and site-dependent effects of propafenone, dofetilide, and the new I(Ks)-blocking agent chromanol 293b on individual muscle layers of the intact canine heart
13. A single Na(+) channel mutation causing both long-QT and Brugada syndromes
14. Further characterization of the syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death
15. 3. A marker for sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease
16. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: A distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome: A multicenter report
17. Sodium channel blockers identify risk for sudden death in patients with ST-segment elevation and right bundle branch block but structurally normal hearts
18. Regional differences in the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) contribute to the differences in action potential duration in basal left ventricular myocytes in guinea-pig
19. Acceleration-induced action potential prolongation and early after depolarizations
20. Genetic basis and molecular mechanisms for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
21. Preeminence of the left stellate ganglion in the long Q-T syndrome
22. Electrophysiological characterization of SCN5A mutations causing long QT (E1784K) and Brugada (R1512W and R1432G) syndromes
23. to and action potential notch are smaller in left vs. right canine ventricular epicardium
24. Electrophysiological characteristics of cells spanning the left ventricular wall of human heart: Evidence for the presence of M cells
25. Ionic mechanisms responsible for the electrocardiographic phenotype of the Brugada syndrome are temperature dependent
26. The electrophysiological mechanism of ventricular arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome: Tridimensional mapping of activation and recovery patterns
27. Electrophysiological mechanism of the characteristic electrocardiographic morphology of Torsade de Pointes tachyarrhythmias in the long-QT syndrome. Detailed analysis of ventricular tridimensional activation patterns
28. Cellular basis for complex T waves and extrasystolic activity in a model of combined acquired and congenital long QT syndrome
29. Within-subject electrocardiographic differences at equal heart rates: Role of the autonomic nervous system
30. The Brugada syndrome: Clinical, electrophysiological and genetic aspects
31. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation by pacing in a man with Brugada syndrome
32. Transmural heterogeneity of action potentials and Ito1 in myocytes isolated from the human right ventricle
33. Transient outward current prominent in canine ventricular epicardium but not endocardium
34. Ks contributes to the longer action potential of the M cell
35. Ionic bases for electrophysiological distinctions among epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes from the free wall of the canine left ventricle
36. New insight into repolarization abnormalities in patients with congenital long QT syndrome: The increased transmural dispersion of repolarization
37. Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia. The antiarrhythmic effects of 4-aminopyridine
38. Quantitative analysis of T wave abnormalities and their prognostic implications in the idiopathic long QT syndrome
39. Autonomic and antiarrhythmic drug modulation of ST segment elevation in patients with Brugada syndrome
40. The long QT syndrome: A prospective international study
41. The long QT syndrome: Prospective longitudinal study of 328 families
42. Brugada syndrome and sudden cardiac death in children
43. Multiple mechanisms in the long-QT syndrome: Current knowledge, gaps, and future directions
44. Lack of evidence of M-cells in porcine left ventricular myocardium
45. Human SCN5A gene mutations alter cardiac sodium channel kinetics and are associated with the Brugada syndrome
46. The idiopathic long QT syndrome: Progress and questions
47. The long QT syndrome
48. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: Gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias
49. Sodium channel block with mexiletine is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing Torsade de Pointes in LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome
50. Cellular basis for the electrocardiographic features of the LQT1 form of the long QT syndrome: Effects of b-adrenergic agonists, antagonists and sodium channel blockers on transmural dispersion of repolarization and Torsade de Pointes
51. Cellular and ionic basis for T wave alternans under long QT conditions
52. Differential effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long QT syndrome
53. Differential response to β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long QT syndrome
54. Effects of a K(+) channel opener to reduce transmural dispersion of repolarization and prevent Torsade de Pointes in LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome
55. Sodium pentobarbital reduces transmural dispersion of repolarization and prevents torsade de pointes in models of acquired and congenital long QT syndromes
56. Effects of verapamil and propranolol on early after-depolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in congenital long QT syndrome
57. Effects of hypertrophy on regional action potential characteristics in the rat left ventricle: A cellular basis for T-wave inversion?
58. A sub-population of cells with unique electrophysiological properties in the deep subepicardium of the canine ventricle: The M cell
59. Drug-induced afterdepolarizations and triggered activity occur in a discrete subpopulation of ventricular muscle cell (M cells) in the canine heart: Quinidine and digitalis
60. Electrophysiologic characteristics of M cells in the canine left ventricular free wall
61. Distribution of M cells in the canine ventricle
62. d-Sotalol induces marked action potential prolongation and early afterdepolarizations in M but not epicardial or endocardial cells of the canine ventricle
63. Evidence for the presence of M cells in the guinea pig ventricle
64. Glass microelectrode studies on intramural papillary muscle cells
65. M cells and transmural heterogeneity of action potential configuration in myocytes from the left ventricular wall of the pig heart
66. Sympathetic stimulation produces a greater increase in both transmural and spatial dispersion of repolarization in LQT1 than LQT2 forms of congenital long QT syndrome
67. Repolarizing K+ currents ITO1 and IKs are larger in right than left canine ventricular midmyocardium
68. Accelerated inactivation in a mutant Na(+) channel associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
69. +-channel blocking agents on subendocardium and mid-wall slices of human, rabbit, and guinea pig myocardium
70. Transmural heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization under baseline and long QT conditions in the canine heart in vivo. Torsades de Pointes develops with halothane but not pentobarbital anesthesia
71. Extrasystolic beats affect transmural electrical dispersion during programmed electrical stimulation
72. Acute canine model for drug-induced torsades de pointes in drug safety evaluation - Influences of anesthesia and validation with quinidine and astemizole
73. Cellular basis for the electrocardiographic J wave
74. Cellular basis for the normal T wave and the electrocardiographic manifestations of the long QT syndrome
75. Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST segment elevation
76. Characteristics and distribution of M cells in arterially-perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparations
77. The long QT interval syndrome: A Rosetta stone for sympathetic related ventricular tachyarrhythmias
78. Larger late sodium conductance in M cells contributes to electrical heterogeneity in canine ventricle
79. Na-Ca contributes to electrical heterogeneity within the canine ventricle