Cell biology of cardiac development

International Review of Cytology

Volumn 202, Issue , 2001, Pages 99-158

  Farrell, M J ^a   Kirby, M L ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiogenesis; Embryonic heart; Endocardium; Myocardium; Myofibrillogenesis; Neural crest

Indexed keywords

CELL PROTEIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 4; PROTEIN HAND1; PROTEIN HAND2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NKX2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TROPONIN I; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; CHICK EMBRYO; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOLOGY; DROSOPHILA; EMBRYO; EXCITATION CONTRACTION COUPLING; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; MUSCLE FIBRIL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0035075744     PISSN: 00747696     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7696(01)02004-6     Document Type: Article

References (267)

1. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator regulates cranial neural crest cell migration in vitro
2. Molecular basis of human cardiac troponin T isoforms expressed in the developing, adult, and failing heart
3. BMP-2 induces ectopic expression of cardiac lineage markers and interferes with somite formation in chicken embryos
4. Precardiac mesoderm is specified during gastrulation in quail
5. 2+ activation
6. Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4
7. Bidirectional electrical communication between smooth muscle and endothelial cells in the pig coronary artery
8. The transcription factor MEF2C-null mouse exhibits complex vascular malformations and reduced cardiac expression of angiopoietin 1 and VEGF
9. Homeodomain factor Nkx2-5 controls left/right asymmetric expression of bHLH gene eHand during murine heart development
10. Expression of NK-2 class homeobox gene Nkx2-6 in foregut endoderm and heart
11. Transcriptional control of muscle development by myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins
12. Effect of neural crest ablation on development of the heart and arch arteries in the chick
13. The gene tinman is required for specification of the heart and visceral muscles in Drosophila
14. Electrical and mechanical properties of chick embryo heart chambers
15. Chicken NKx2-8, a noval homeobox gene expressed during early heart and foregut development
16. Cranial neural crest cells synthesize and secrete a latent form of transforming growth factor beta that can be activated by neural crest cell proteolysis
17. Developmental potential of avian trunk neural crest cells in situ
18. Requirement of type III TGF-beta receptor for endocardial cell transformation in the heart
19. Chick NKx-2.3 represents a novel family member of vertebrate homologues to the Drosophila homeobox gene tinman, differential expression of cNKx-2.3 and cNKx-2.5 during heart and gut development
20. Distribution of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) during heart development
21. Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele
22. GATA transcription factors and cardiac development
23. Activation of the cardiac alpha-actin promoter depends upon serum response factor, Tinman homologuE., Nkx-2.5, and intact serum response elements
24. Recruitment of the tinman homolog Nkx-2.5 by serum response factor activates cardiac alpha-actin gene transcription
25. Selective requirement of myosin light chain 2v in embryonic heart function
26. Zebrafish tinman homolog demarcates the heart field and initiates myocardial differentiation
27. Mechanism of TGFbeta receptor inhibition by FKBP12
28. 2+ exchanger gene
29. Transcriptional regulation during cardiac growth and development
30. Changing activation sequence in the embryonic chick heart. Implications for the development of the His-Purkinje system
31. Differential expression of PSA-NCAM and HNK-1 epitopes in the developing cardiac conduction system of the chick
32. Embryonic vascular development: Immunohistochemical identification of the origin and subsequent morphogenesis of the major vessel primordia in quail embryos
33. The fate diversity of mesodermal cells within the heart field during chicken early embryogenesis
34. Neural crest is involved in development of abnormal myocardial function
35. Pax3 is required for cardiac neural crest migration in the mouse: Evidence from the splotch (Sp2H) mutant
36. Reduced "L" type calcium current in the embryonic chick heart with persistent truncus arteriosus
37. Excitation-contraction coupling in the day 15 embryonic chick heart with persistent truncus arteriosus
38. Role of cardiac neural crest cells in cardiovascular development
39. Isomyosin expression patterns during rat heart morphogenesis: An immunohistochemical study
40. Development of form in the embryonic heart. An experimental approach
41. Development of gap junctions
42. Persisting zones of slow impulse conduction in developing chicken hearts
43. Transforming growth factor-beta control of cell-substratum adhesion during avian neural crest cell emigration in vitro
44. Developmental regulation of connexin 40 gene expression in mouse heart correlates with the differentiation of the conduction system
45. Intercellular communication in cardiac muscle
46. Common epicardial origin of coronary vascular smooth muscle, perivascular fibroblasts, and intermyocardial fibroblasts in the avian heart
47. Combinatorial cis-acting elements control tissue-specific activation of the cardiac troponin I gene in vitro and in vivo
48. Elevation of intracellular calcium in smooth muscle causes endothelial cell generation of NO in arterioles
49. Retinoic acid can block differentiation of the myocardium after heart specification
50. Vascularization of the mouse embryo: A study of flk-1, tek, tie, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression during development
51. The cardiac transcription factors Nkx2-5 and GATA-4 are mutual cofactors
52. Combinatorial interactions regulating cardiac transcription
53. Ryanodine receptor expression in embryonic avian cardiac muscle
54. Atrial-like phenotype is associated with embryonic ventricular failure in retinoid X receptor alpha -/- mice
55. Lack of regulation in the heart forming region of avian embryos
56. Molecular regulation of atrioventricular valvuloseptal morphogenesis
57. Splotch (Sp2H), a mutation affecting development of the mouse neural tube, shows a deletion within the paired homeodomain of Pax-3
58. Control of pathfinding by the avian trunk neural crest
59. HIRA, a DiGeorge Syndrome candidate gene, is required for cardiac outflow tract
60. A novel role for cardiac neural crest in heart development
61. Heterozygous embryonic lethality induced by targeted inactivation of the VEGF gene
62. Functional significance of cardiac myosin essential light chain isoform switching in transgenic mice
63. Ontogenesis of the structural elements of the heart
64. Heart and extraembryonic mesodermal defects in mouse embryos lacking the bHLH transcription factor Handl
65. Fashioning the vertebrate heart: Earliest embryonic decisions
66. Role of myosin heavy chain composition in kinetics of force development and relaxation in rat myocardium
67. Blood vessel formation: What is its molecular basis?
68. Calcineurin mediates inhibition by FK506 and cyclosporin of recovery from alpha-factor arrest in yeast
69. Regionalized transcriptional domains of myosin light chain 3f transgenes in the embryonic mouse heart, morphogenetic implications
70. The Splotch (SplH) and Splotch-delayed (Spd) alleles: Differential phenotypic effects on neural crest and limb musculature
71. Structure and development of E-C coupling units in skeletal muscle
72. Induction of visceral and cardiac mesoderm by ectodermal Dpp in the early Drosophila embryo
73. Vertebrate tinman homologues XNkx2-3 and XNkx2-5 are required for heart formation in a functionally redundant manner
74. Titin, a huge, elastic sarcomeric protein with a probable role in morphogenesis
75. Differential response of mesoderm- and neural crest-derived smooth muscle to TGF-beta1: Regulation of c-myb and alpha1 (I) procollagen genes
76. Aberrant neural and cardiac development in mice lacking the ErbB4 neuregulin receptor
77. Genetic disorders of cardiac morphogenesis. The DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes
78. Notochord regulates cardiac lineage in zebrafish embryos
79. Regional differences in troponin I isoform switching during rat heart development
80. Heart conduction system: A neural crest derivative?
81. Nodal myosin distribution in the bovine heart during prenatal development: An immunohistochemical study
82. Requirement of pointed-end capping by tropomodulin to maintain actin filament length in embryonic chick cardiac myocytes
83. Tinman function is essential for vertebrate heart development, elimination of cardiac differentiation by dominant inhibitory mutants of the tinman-related genes, XNkx2-3 and XNkx2-5
84. NK-2 homeobox genes and heart development
85. Rescue of Caenorhabditis elegans pharyngeal development by a vertebrate heart specification gene
86. Morphogenesis of adrenergic cells in a frog parasympathetic ganglion
87. Over-expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan versican is associated with defective neural crest migration in the Pax3 mutant mouse (splotch)
88. Alpha-skeletal actin is associated with increased contractility in the mouse heart
89. Development of the cardiac blood vessels in staged human embryos
90. Initial development of conduction patterns of spontaneous action potential in early embryonic precontractile chick heart
91. Incidence of congenital heart disease: II. Prenatal incidence
92. Mechanisms of cell transformation in the embryonic heart
93. Induction of Purkinje fiber differentiation by coronary arterialization
94. The GATA-4 transcription factor transactivates the cardiac muscle-specific troponin C promoter-enhancer in nonmuscle cells
95. Influences of ectoderm and endoderm on heart differentiation in the newt
96. Common role for each of the cGATA-4/5/6 genes in the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis
97. Phosphorylation specificities of protein kinase C isozymes for bovine cardiac troponin I and troponin T and sites within these proteins and regulation of myofilament properties
98. 2+ ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in developing chick myocardium as determined by immunofluorescence labeling
99. Basic Histology
100. Localization of pacemaking activity in early embryonic heart monitored using voltage-sensitive dye
101. Early differentiation of the heart in mouse embryos
102. Inhibition of cranial neural crest adhesion in vitro and migration in vivo using integrin antisense oligonucleotides
103. Upregulation of expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum by TGF-beta 1 in cultured rat cardiac myocytes
104. Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation
105. Normal development of the cardiac outflow tract is not dependent on normal patterning of the aortic arch arteries
106. Neural crest origin of cardiac ganglion cells in the chick embryo: Identification and extirpation
107. Role of the neural crest in congenital heart disease
108. Function of FK506 binding protein (FKBP) in chick embryonic cardiac development
109. 2+ concentration in cardiac muscle cells of early chick embryos
110. Isolation and characterization of myosin heavy chain isozymes of the bovine conduction system
111. Extracellular matrix from embryonic myocardium elicits and early morphogenetic event in cardiac endothelial differentiation
112. GATA4 transcription factor is required for ventral morphogenesis and heart tube formation
113. Initial migration and distribution of the cardiac neural crest in the avian embryo: An introduction to the concept of the circumpharyngeal crest
114. Migration and distribution of circumpharyngeal crest cells in the chick embryo. Formation of the circumpharyngeal ridge and E/C8+ crest cells in the vertebrate head region
115. Distribution of cardiac myosin isozymes in human conduction system. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies
116. Defective development of the embryonic and extraembryonic circulatory systems in vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) deficient mice
117. A human homolog of the S. cerevisiae HIR1 and HIR2 transcriptional repressors cloned from the DiGeorge syndrome critical region
118. Versican is selectively expressed in embryonic tissues that act as barriers to neural crest cell migration and axon outgrowth
119. Requirement for neuregulin receptor erbB2 in neural and cardiac development
120. A new tinman-related gene, nkx2.7, anticipates the expression of nkx2.5 and nkx2.3 in zebrafish heart and pharyngeal endoderm
121. The cardiac tissue-restricted homeobox protein Csx/Nkx2.5 physically associates with the zinc finger protein GATA4 and cooperatively activates atrial natriuretic factor gene expression
122. Normal anterior endoderm corrects the heart defect in cardiac mutant salamanders (Ambystoma mexicanum)
123. The human troponin I slow promoter directs slow fiber-specific expression in transgenic mice
124. Transgenic rescue of congenital heart disease and spina bifida in Splotch mice
125. Control of early cardiac-specific transcription of Nkx2-5 by a GATA-dependent enhancer
126. Control of mouse cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis by transcription factor MEF2C
127. N-cadherin-catenin interaction: Necessary component of cardiac cell compartmentalization during early vertebrate heart development
128. Precardiac cell migration: Fibronectin localization at mesoderm-endoderm interface during directional movement
129. A role for fibronectin in the migration of avian precardiac cells. II. Rotation of the heart-forming region during different stages and its effects
130. Congenital heart disease in mice deficient for the DiGeorge syndrome region
131. Connexin 43 and connexin 40 gap junctional proteins are present in arteriolar smooth muscle and endothelium in vivo
132. Dye tracers define differential endothelial and smooth muscle coupling patterns within the arteriolar wall
133. Defining actin filament length in straited muscle: Rulers and caps or dynamic stability?
134. Structural organization of the WD repeat protein-encoding gene HIRA in the DiGeorge syndrome critical region of human chromosome 22
135. Core histones and HIRIP3, a novel histone-binding protein, directly interact with WD repeat protein HIRA
136. Combined BMP-2 and FGF-4, but neither factor alone, induces cardiogenesis in non-precardiac embryonic mesoderm
137. The distribution and characterization of HNK-1 antigens in the developing avian heart
138. Hemodynamic abnormalities in fetuses with congenital heart disease
139. Developmental regulation of myosin gene expression in mouse cardiac muscle
140. Myogenic and morphogenetic defects in the heart tubes of murine embryos lacking the homeo box gene Nkx2-5
141. Mechanism of activation of latent recombinant transforming growth factor β1 by plasmin
142. HIRA, a mammalian homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional co-repressor, interacts with Pax3
143. Activin A and transforming growth factor β stimulate heart formation in axolotls but do not rescue cardiac lethal mutants
144. Does the subepicardial mesenchyme contribute myocardioblasts to the myocardium of the chick embryo heart? A quail-chick chimera study tracing the fate of the epicardial primordium
145. Structural development of endocardial cushions
146. Retinoic acid synthesizing enzymes in the embryonic and adult vertebrate
147. Modulation of L-type calcium channel expression during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of H9C2 cardiac cells
148. Multiple essential functions of neuregulin in development
149. Fibroblast growth factor receptor is required for in vivo cardiac myocyte proliferation at early embryonic stages of heart development
150. Myocardial specificity for initiating endothelial-mesenchymal cell transition in embryonic chick heart correlates with a particulate distribution of fibronectin
151. Transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cardiac muscle-specific expression of the alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene
152. Requirement of the transcription factor GATA4 for heart tube formation and ventral morphogenesis
153. Development of the cardiac conduction system
154. Different actin affinities of human cardiac essential myosin light chain isoforms
155. Myosin light chain-actin interaction regulates cardiac contractility
156. Roles of troponin isoforms in pH dependence of contraction in rabbit fast and slow skeletal and cardiac muscles
157. GATA-5 is involved in leukemia inhibitory factor-responsive transcription of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene in cardiac myocytes
158. GATA-5: A transcriptional activator expressed in a novel temporally and spatially-restricted pattern during embryonic development
159. Retinoids and mammalian development
160. Molecular cloning of rat cardiac troponin I and analysis of troponin I isoform expression in developing rat heart
161. Regulation of the rat cardiac troponin I gene by the transcription factor GATA-4
162. Well-defined growth factors promote cardiac development in axolotl mesodermal explants
163. Developmental analysis of tropomyosin gene expression in embryonic stem cells and mouse embryos
164. Myocardial regulation of transforming growth factor-β expression by outflow tract endothelium in the early embryonic chick heart
165. An autocrine function for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 in the transformation of atrioventricular canal endocardium into mesenchyme during chick heart development
166. Cardiomyocyte differentiation by GATA-4-deficient embryonic stem cells
167. An inductive role for the endoderm in Xenopus cardiogenesis
168. (2+) exchanger NCX1 is GATA factor dependent
169. Nkx2.6 expression is transiently and specifically restricted to the branchial region of pharyngeal-stage mouse embryos
170. (2+)-dependent actomyosin MgATPase activity and troponin T binding to tropomyosin-F-actin complex
171. (2+)-stimulated MgATPase activity in reconstituted actomyosin and isolated myofibrils, and decreases actin-myosin interactions
172. Effect of cardiac neural crest ablation on contractile force and calcium uptake and release in chick heart
173. Trabecular myocytes of the embryonic heart require N-cadherin for migratory unit identity
174. Immunohistochemical delineation of the conduction system. I: The sinoatrial node
175. Immunohistochemical delineation of the conduction system. II: The atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers
176. The mouse Nkx2-3 homeodomain gene is expressed in gut mesenchyme during pre- and postnatal mouse development
177. Targeted disruption of the homeobox transcription factor Nkx2-3 in mice results in postnatal lethality and abnormal development of small intestine and spleen
178. Simultaneous electrocardiograms and myograms of the isolated atrium, ventricle and conus of the embryonic chick heart
179. Differential rescue of visceral and cardiac defects in Drosophila by vertebrate tinman-related genes
180. Effects of total replacement of atrial myosin light chain-2 with the ventricular isoform in atrial myocytes of transgenic mice
181. Toward a molecular understanding of congenital heart disease
182. The origin of the subepicardial mesenchyme in the avian embryo, an immunohistochemical and quail-chick chimera study
183. A subpopulation of apoptosis-prone cardiac neural crest cells targets to the venous pole: Multiple functions in heart development?
184. Antibodies and a synthetic peptide that block cell-fibronectin adhesion arrest neural crest cell migration in vivo
185. Distribution of endoglin in early human development reveals high levels on endocardial cushion tissue mesenchyme during valve formation
186. Structure-function relationships in cardiac troponin T
187. Divergent roles for NK-2 class homeobox genes in cardiogenesis in flies and mice
188. Interactions at the NH2-terminal interface of cardiac troponin I modulate myofilament activation
189. Identification of upstream regulatory regions in the heart-expressed homeobox gene Nkx2-5
190. Chicken Nkx-2.8, a novel homeobox gene expressed in early heart progenitor cells and pharyngeal pouch-2 and -3 endoderm
191. Identification of an extracellular 130-kDa protein involved in early cardiac morphogenesis
192. The Hand1 bHLH transcription factor is essential for placentation and cardiac morphogenesis
193. Cloning and developmental expression analysis of chick Hira (Chira): A candidate gene for DiGeorge syndrome
194. Transforming growth factor-beta alters differentiation in cultures of avian neural crest-derived cells: Effects on cell morphology, proliferation, fibronectin expression, and melanogenesis
195. Location and movements of cardiogenic cells in the chick embryo: The heart-forming portion of the primitive steak
196. GATA factor-dependent regulation of cardiac m2 muscarinic acetylcholine gene transcription
197. An HF-1a/HF-1b/MEF-2 combinatorial element confers cardiac ventricular specificity and established an anterior-posterior gradient of expression
198. Cardiovascular defects associated with alcohol, retinoic acid, and other agents
199. Towards a molecular understanding of contractility
200. T-cadherin 2, molecular characterization, function in cell adhesion, and coexpression with T-cadherin and N-cadherin
201. Flexibility of regional pacemaking priority in early embryonic heart monitored by simultaneous optical recording of action potentials from multiple sites
202. The local expression of adult chicken heart myosins during development. II. Ventricular conducting tissue
203. TGFβ2 knockout mice have multiple developmental defects that are non-overlapping with other TGFbeta knockout phenotypes
204. The restriction of the heart morphogenetic field in Xenopus laevis
205. Development of cardiac beat rate in early chick embryos is regulated by regional cues
206. Protean patterns of gene expression in the heart conduction system
207. Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: Gene regulation and functional significance
208. Defects in cardiac outflow tract formation and pro-B-lymphocyte expansion in mice lacking Sox-4
209. Congenital heart disease caused by mutations in the transcription factor NKX2-5
210. A role for bone morphogenetic proteins in the induction of cardiac myogenesis
211. Induction of avian cardiac myogenesis by anterior endoderm
212. A GATA-dependent nkx-2.5 regulatory element activates early cardiac gene expression in transgenic mice
213. Analysis of Hox gene expression during early avian heart development
214. GATA-4 and Nkx-2.5 coactivate Nkx-2 DNA binding targets, role for regulating early cardiac gene expression
215. Regulation in the heart field of zebrafish
216. A requirement for Flk1 in primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis
217. Context-dependent transcriptional cooperation mediated by cardiac transcription factors Csx/Nkx-2.5 and GATA-4
218. Cardiac defects and altered ryanodine receptor function in mice lacking FKBP12
219. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C and Nkx2-5 up-regulate each other's expression and initiate cardiomyogenesis in P19 cells
220. Ventrally emigrating neural tube cells differentiate into heart muscle
221. Troponin and tropomyosin: Proteins that switch on and tune in the activity of cardiac myofilaments
222. Xenopus eHAND: A marker for the developing cardiovascular system of the embryo that is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins
223. Regulation of cardiac mesodermal and neural crest development by the bHLH transcription factor, dHAND
224. RXR alpha mutant mice establish a genetic basis for vitamin A signaling in heart morphogenesis
225. Anterior endoderm is a specific effector of terminal cardiac myocyte differentiation of cells from the embryonic heart forming region
226. Formation and early morphogenesis of endocardial endothelial precursor cells and the role of endoderm
227. Molecular architecture of membranes involved in excitation-contraction coupling of cardiac muscle
228. Relationship between fibronectin expression during gastrulation and heart formation in the rat embryo
229. Developmental and functional adaptation of contractile proteins in cardiac and skeletal muscles
230. The allocation of epiblast cells to the embryonic heart and other mesodermal lineages: The role of ingression and tissue movement during gastrulation
231. The cardiac homeobox gene Csx/Nkx2.5 lies genetically upstream of multiple genes essential for heart development
232. Spatial distribution of connexin43, the major cardiac gap junction protein, visualizes the cellular network for impulse propagation from sinoatrial node to atrium
233. A signaling cascade involving endothelin-1, dHAND and msx1 regulates development of neural-crest-derived branchial arch mesenchyme
234. Differences in action potential configuration in ventricular trabeculae correlate with differences in density of transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum couplings
235. Selective binding of FKBP12.6 by the cardiac ryanodine receptor
236. Relation of early hemodynamic changes to final cardiac phenotype and survival after neural crest ablation in chick embryos
237. Expression of troponin C genes during development in the chicken
238. Myocardialization of the cardiac outflow tract
239. Spatial distribution of connexin43, the major cardiac gap junction protein, in the developing and adult rat heart
240. Developmental changes of connexin40 and connexin43 mRNA distribution patterns in the rat heart
241. Location of pacemaker in chick embryo heart at the time of initiation of heartbeat
242. Early development of quail heart epicardium and associated vascular and glandular structures
243. Cardiac neural crest contribution to the pulmonary artery and sixth aortic arch artery complex in chick embryos aged 6 to 18 days
244. Association of the cardiac neural crest with development of the coronary arteries in the chick embryo
245. Cardiac neural crest is essential for the persistence rather than the formation of an arch artery
246. Connexin 43 expression reflects neural crest patterns during cardiovascular development
247. Cardiac neural crest cells provide new insight into septation of the cardiac outflow tract, aortic sac to ventricular septal closure
248. A novel role for cardiac neural crest in heart development
249. Atrial chamber-specific expression of the slow myosin heavy chain 3 gene in the embryonic heart
250. A positive GATA element and a negative vitamin D receptor-like element control atrial chamber-specific expression of a slow myosin heavy-chain gene during cardiac morphogenesis
251. Titin is an extraordinarily long, flexible, and slender myofibrillar protein
252. GATA transcription factors: Key regulators of hematopoiesis
253. Precardiac mesoderm differentiation in vitro. Actin-isotype synthetic transitions, myofibrillogenesis, initiation of heartbeat, and the possible involvement of collagen
254. The murine homologue of HIRA, a DiGeorge syndrome candidate gene, is expressed in embryonic structures affected in human CATCH22 patients
255. 2+ and altered dynamics of contraction and relaxation in transgenic cardiac cells that express beta-tropomyosin
256. Cardiac endothelial heterogeneity defines valvular development as demonstrated by the diverse expression of JB3, an antigen of the endocardial cushion tissue
257. A retinoic acid-inducible transgenic marker of sino-atrial development in the mouse heart
258. Sox4-deficiency syndrome in mice is an animal model for common trunk
259. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 acts synergistically with transforming growth factor-beta3 during endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in the developing chick heart
260. Cell adhesion events mediated by alpha 4 integrins are essential in placental and cardiac development
261. Expression of the atrial-specific myosin heavy chain AMHC1 and the establishment of anteroposterior polarity in the developing chicken heart
262. Cardiac troponin I phosphorylation increases the rate of cardiac muscle relaxation
263. EFIA/YB-1 is a component of cardiac HF-1A binding activity and positively regulates transcription of the myosin light-chain 2v gene
264. CARP, a cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, is downstream in the Nikx2-5 homeobox gene pathway