Alzheimer's disease: From pathology to preventive measures;Maladie d'Alzheimer: De la pathogenie vers des mesures preventives?

Revue de Medecine Interne

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 524-532

  Nourhashemi F ^a   Ousset, P J ^a   Guyonnet, S ^a   Andrieu, S ^a   Rolland, Y ^a   Adoue, D ^a   Vellas, B ^a   Albarede J L ^a  

^a CHU PURPAN   (France)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Estrogen; NSAIDs; Nutrition; Protective measures

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMINO ACID; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; CYANOCOBALAMIN; ESTROGEN; HOMOCYSTEINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PYRIDOXINE;

AGING; ALLELE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME 19; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEMENTIA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HUMAN; NUTRITION; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

EID: 0034214183     PISSN: 02488663     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0248-8663(00)89228-0     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Small GW, Rabins PV, Barry PP, Buckholtz NS, DeKosky ST, Ferris SH, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. JAMA 1997 ; 278 : 1363-71.
2. Letenneur L, Commenges D, Dartigues JF, Barberger Gateau P. Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in elderly community residents of south western France. Int J Epidemiol 1991 ; 23 : 1256-61.
3. Agüero-Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Viitanen M, Von Strauss E, Winblad B. Dementia is the major cause of functional dependance in the elderly: 3 years follow-up data from a population-based study. Am J Public Health 1998 ; 88 : 1452-6.
4. Terry RD, Masliah E, Hansen LA. Structural basis of the cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease. In: Terry R, ed. Alzheimer's Disease. New York: Raven Press; 1994.
5. Styren SD, Kamboh MI, DeKosky ST. Expression of differential immune factors in temporal cortex and cerebellum: The role of α1-antichymotrypsin, apolipoprotein E, and reactive glia in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 1998 ; 396 : 511-20.
6. Goate A. Segregation of missense mutation in the amyloide precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 1991 ; 349 : 704-6.
7. Levy-Lahad E. A familial Alzheimer locus on chromosome 1. Science 1995 ; 269 : 970-3.
8. Sandbrink R, Hartmann T, Masters CL, Beyreuther K. Genes contributing to Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 1996 ; 1 : 27-40.
9. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, Pericak-Vance M, Enghild J, Salvesen GS, et al. Apolipoprotein E: High-avidity binding to β-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 ; 90 : 1977-81.
10. Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel D, St George-Hyslop PH, Pericak-Vance MA, Joo SH, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E allele E4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993 ; 43 : 1467-72.
11. Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science 1988 ; 240 : 622-30.
12. Chartier-Harlin MC, Parfitt M, Legrain S, Perez-Tur J, Brousseau T, Evans A, et al. Apolipoprotein E, epsilon 4 allele as a major risk factor for sporadic early and late-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 1994 ; 3 : 569-74.
13. Farrer LA, Cupples A, Haines JL, Hyman B, Kukull WA, Mayeux R, et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer's disease. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1997 ; 278 : 1349-56.
14. Martinez M, Campion D, Brice A, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Didierjean O, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and familial aggregation of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1998 ; 55 : 810-6.
15. Saunders AM, Hulette C, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Schmechel DE, Crain B, Burke JR, et al. Specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of apolipoprotein E genotyping for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996 ; 348 : 90-3.
16. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, et al. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 1993 ; 261 : 921-3
17. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Risch NJ, Strittmatter WJ, Schemechl DE, Gaskell PC, et al. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Nature Genet 1994 ; 7 : 180-4.
18. Roses AD. Apolipoprotein E alleles as risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Annu Rev Med 1996 ; 47 : 387-400.
19. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Goedert M, Weisgraber KH, Dong LM, Jakes R, et al. Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with microtubule associated protein tau: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 ; 91 : 1183-6.
20. Miyata M, Smith JD. Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxydative insults and beta-amyloid peptides. Nature Genet 1996 ; 14 : 55-61.
21. Leininger-Muller B, Jolivalt C, Bertrand P, Siest G. Oxidation of human apoliporotein E and cerebral enzymatic systems. Alzheimer's Reports 1998 ; 1 : 95-9.
22. Barger SW, Harmon AD. Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor and modulation by apolipoprotein E. Nature 1997 ; 388 : 878-81.
23. Slooter AJC, Van Duijn CM. Genetic epidemiology of Alzheimer disease. Epidemiol Rev 1997 ; 19 : 107-19.
24. Curran M, Middleton D, Edwardson J, Perry R, McKeith I, Morris C, et al. HLA-DR antigens associated with major risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 1997 ; 8 : 1467-9.
25. Payami H, Schellenberg GD, ZareparSi S, Kaye J, Sexton GJ, Head MA, et al. Evidence for association of HLA-A2 allele with onset age of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1997 ; 49 : 512-8.
26. Ballerini C, Nacmias B, Rombola G, Marcon G, Massacesi L, Sorbi S. HLA A2 allele is associated with age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1999 ; 45 : 397-400.
27. Pericak-Vance MA, Bass MP, Yamaoka LH, Gaskell PC, Scott WK, Terwedow HA, et al. Complete genomic screen in late onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Evidence for a new locus on chromosome 12. JAMA 1997 ; 278 : 1237-41.
28. Wu WS, Holmans P, Wavrant-DeVrièze F, Shears S, Kehoe P, Crook R, et al. Genetic studies on chromosome 12 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 1998 ; 280 : 619-22.
29. Petersen RC. Normal aging, mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. Neurologist 1995 ; 1 : 326-44.
30. Dawe B, Procter A, Philpot M. Concepts of mild memory impairment in the elderly and their relationship to dementia: A review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1992 ; 7 : 473-9.
31. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN, et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA 1995 ; 273 : 1274-8.
32. Petersen R, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment. Clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999 ; 56 : 303-8.
33. Aisen PS, Kenneth LD. Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's diseases: Implication for therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1994 ; 151 : 1105-13.
34. Perlmutter LS, Barron E, Chui HC. Morphologic association between microglia and senile plaque amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 1990 ; 119 : 32-6.
35. Dickson DW, Mattiace LA, Yen SH. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) immunoreactivities are expressed in microglia in human brain [abstract]. Soc Neurosci 1990 ; 16 : 1267.
36. McGeer PL, Rogers J. Anti-inflammatory agents as a therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1992 ; 42 : 447-9.
37. Uchihara T, Akiyama H, Kondo H, Ikeda K. Activated microglial cells are colocalized with perivascular deposits of amyloid-β protein in Alzheimer's disease brain. Stroke 1997 ; 28 : 1948-50.
38. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Glial cell reactions in neurodegenerative disease: Pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. Alz Dis Ass Disord 1998 ; 12 Suppl 2 : 1-6.
39. Mackenzie IRA, Munoz DG. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and Alzheimer-type pathology in aging. Neurology 1998 ; 50 : 986-90.
40. McGeer PL, Schulzer M, McGeer EG. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease. A review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology 1996 ; 47 : 425-32.
41. Breitner JCS, Gau BA, Welsh KA, Plassman BL, McDonald WM, Helms MJ, et al. Inverse association of anti-inflammatory treatments and Alzheimer's disease: Initial results of co-twin control study. Neurology 1994 ; 44 : 227-32.
42. Rich JB, Rasmusson DX, Folstein MF, Carson KA, Kawas C, Brandt J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995 ; 45 : 51-5.
43. MacKenzie IR, Munoz DG. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and Alzheimer type pathology in aging. Neurology 1998 ; 50 : 986-90.
44. Rogers J, Kirby LC, Hempelman SR, Berry DL, McGeer PL, Kaszniak AW, et al. Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993 ; 43 : 1609-11.
45. Bruce-Jones PNE, Crome P, Kalra L. Indomethacin and cognitive function in healthy elderly volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmac 1994 ; 38 : 45-51.
46. Pasinetti GM. Cyclooxygenase and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Experimental approaches and clinical interventions. J Neurosci Res 1998 ; 54 : 1-6.
47. Aronson MK, Ooi WL, Morgenstern H, Hafner A, Masur D, Crystal H, et al. Women myocardial infarction, and dementia in the very old. Neurology 1990 ; 40 : 1102-6.
48. Berlinger WG, Potter JF. Low body mass index in demented outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 973-8.
49. Kimura D. Estrogen replacement therapy may protect against intellectual decline in postmenopausal women. Horm Behav 1995 ; 29 : 312-21.
50. Henderson VW, Paganini-Hill A, Emanuel CK, Dunn ME, Buckwalter G. Estrogen replacement therapy in older women. Comparisons between Alzheimer's disease cases and nondemented control subjects. Arch Neurol 1994 ; 51 : 896-9.
51. Lerner A, Cole R, Debanne S, Esteban-Santillan L, Medera P, Koss E, et al. Immunological and endocrine conditions in an Alzheimer's disease case-control study. Neuroepidemiology 1995 ; 14 : 307.
52. Paganini Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med 1996 ; 156 : 2213-7.
53. Morrison A, Resnick S, Corrada M, Zonderman A, Kawas C. A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and risk of developping Alzheimer's disease in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Neurology 1996 ; 46 Suppl 2 : 435-6.
54. Balderedchi M, Di CArlo A, Lepore V, Bracco L, Maggi S, Grigoletto F, et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and Alzheimer's disease in the Italian longitudinal study on aging. Neurology 1998 ; 50 : 996-1002.
55. Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P, Gurland B, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996 ; 348 : 429-32.
56. Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D. Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women. JAMA 1993 ; 269 : 2637-41.
57. Heyman A, Wilkinson WE, Stafford JA, Helms MJ, Sigmon AH, Weinberg T. Alzheimer's disease: A study of epidemiological aspects. Ann Neurol 1984 ; 15 : 335-41.
58. Graves AB, White E, Koepsell TD, Reifler BV, Van Bell G, Larson EB, et al. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neuro 1990 ; 28 : 766-74.
59. Brenner DE, Kukull WA, Stergachis A, Van Belle G, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1994 ; 140 : 262-7.
60. Paganini Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1994 ; 140 : 256-61.
61. Henderson VW, Watt L, Buckwalter JG. Cognitive skills associated with estrogen replacement in women with Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1996 ; 21 : 421-30.
62. Yaffe K, Sawaya G, Lieberburg I, Grady D. Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Effetcs on cognitive function and dementia. JAMA 1998 ; 279 : 688-95.
63. Launer LJ, Andersen K, Dewey ME, Letenneur L, Ott A, Amaducci LA, et al. Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, results from euroderm pooled analyses. Neurology 1999 ; 52 : 78-84.
64. Caldwell BM. An evaluation of psychological effects of sex hormone administration in aged women. J Gerontol 1954 ; 9 : 168-74.
65. Kantor HI, Michael CM, Shore H. Estrogen for older women, a three year study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973 ; 116 : 115-8.
66. Honjo H, Tanaka K, Kashiwagi T, Urabe M, Okada H, Hayashi M, et al. Senile dementia-Alzheimer's disease type and estrogen. Horm Metab Res 1995 ; 27 : 204-7.
67. Fillit H, Weinreb H, Cholst I, Luine V, McEwen B, Amador R, et al. Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia-Alzheimer's type. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1986 ; 11 : 337-45.
68. Honjo H, Ogino Y, Naitoh K, Urabe M, Kashiwagi T, Ishihara S, et al. An effect of conjugated estrogen to cognitive impairement in women with senile dementia-Alzheimer's type: A placebo-controlled double blind study. J Jpn Menopause Soc 1993 ; 1 : 167-71.
69. Schneider LS, Farlow MR, Henderson VW, Pogoda JM. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on response to tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1996 ; 46 : 1580-4.
70. Wickelgren I. Estrogen stakes claim to cognition. Science 1997 ; 276 : 675-8.
71. André G. Estrogènes et maladie d'Alzheimer: Les mécanismes d'action. Reprod Hum Hormones 1996 ; 9 : 145-50.
72. Goodman Y, Bruce AJ, Cheng B, Mattson MP. Estrogens attenuate and corticosterone exacerbates excitotoxicity, oxidative injury, and amyloid B peptide toxicity in hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 1996 ; 66 : 1836-44.
73. Jaendel C, Nicolas MB, Dubois F, Nabet-Belleville F, Penin F, Cuny G. Lipid peroxydation and free radical scavengers in Alzheimer's disease. Gerontology 1989 ; 35 : 275-82.
74. Frey WH, Najarian MM, Kumar KS. Endogenous Alzheimer's brain factor and oxidised glutathione inhibit antagonist binding to the muscarinic receptor. Brain Res 1996 ; 714 : 87-94.
75. Masoro EJ. Dietary restriction and aging. J Am Geriat Soc 1993 ; 41 : 994-9.
76. Nolen G. Effects of various restricted dietary regimens on the growth, health, and longevity of albinos rats. J Nutr 1972 ; 102 : 1477-94.
77. Masoro EJ. Food restriction in rodents: An evaluation of its role in the study of aging. J Gerontol Biol Sci 1988 ; 43 Suppl 3 : 59-61.
78. Moore WA, Davey VA, Weindruch R, Walford R, Ivy GO. The effect of caloric restriction on lipofuscin accumulation in mouse brain with age. Gerontology 1995 ; 41 : 173-85.
79. Weed JL, Lane MA, Roth GS, Speer DL, Ingram DK. Activity measures in rhesus monkeys on long-term calorie restriction. Physiol Bahav 1997 ; 62 : 97-103.
80. Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Weindruch R. Dietary restriction and aging: The initiation of a primate study. J Gerontol Biol Sci 1990 ; 45 Suppl 5 : 148-63.
81. Yu BP, Yang R. Critical of the free radical theory of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996 ; 786 : 1-11.
82. Tan S, Wood M, Maher P. Oxidative stress induces a form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both apoptosis and nécrosis in neuronal cells. J Neurochem 1998 ; 71 : 95-105.
83. Tucker DM, Penland JG, Sandstead HH, Milne DB, Heck DG, Klevay LM. Nutrition status and brain function in aging. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 ; 52 : 93-102.
84. La Rue A, Koehler KM, Wayne SJ, Chiulli SJ, Haaland KY, Garry PJ. Nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a normally aging sample: A 6-y reassessment. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 ; 65 : 20-9.
85. Lauque S, Wegner A, Ousset PJ, Ghisolfi-Marque A, Faisant C, Baudoin M, et al. Étude comparative des apports alimentaires et des fonctions neuropsychologiques explorées par le test de code de Wais. Âge Nutr 1995 ; 6 : 68-72.
86. Perrig WJ, Perrig P, Stähelin B. The relation between antioxidants and memory performance in the old and very old. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 ; 45 : 718-24.
87. Ortega RM, Requejo AM, Andres P, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Quintas ME, Redondo MR, et al. Dietary intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 ; 66 : 803-9.
88. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, Klauber MR, Schafer K, Grundman M, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 1997 ; 336 : 1216-22.
89. Orgogozzo JM, Dartigues JF, Lafont S, Letenneur L, Commenges D, Salamon R, et al. Wine consumption and dementia in the elderly: A prospective community study in the Bordeaux area. Rev Neurol 1997 ; 153 : 185-92.
90. Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM, Garry PJ. Association between nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a healthy elderly population. JAMA 1983 ; 249 : 2917-21.
91. Riggs KM, Spiro A, Tucker K, Rush D. Relations of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1996 ; 63 : 306-14.
92. Hector M, Burton JR. What are the psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency? J Am Geriatr Soc 1988 ; 36 : 1105-12.
93. Levitt AJ, Karlinsky H. Folate, vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992 ; 86 : 301-5.
94. Kristensen MO, Gulmann NC, Christensen JEJ, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K. Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand 1993 ; 87 : 475-81.
95. Joosten E, Lesaffre E, Riezler R, Ghekiere V, Dereymaeker L, Pelemans W, et al. Is metabolic evidence for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency more frequent in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997 ; 52 Suppl : 76-9.
96. McCaddon A, Kelly CL. Familial Alzheimer's disease and vitamin B12 deficiency. Age Ageing 1994 ; 23 : 334-7.
97. Welch GN, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 1998 ; 338 : 1042-50.
98. McCaddon A, Davies G, Hudson P, Tandy S, Cattell H. Total serum homocystein in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998 ; 13 : 235-9
99. Clarke R, Smith D, Jobst KA, Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM. Folate, vitamine B12 and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1998 ; 55 : 1449-55.
100. Boushey CJ, Beresford SAA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. JAMA 1995 ; 274 : 1049-57.
101. Hoffman A, Ott A, Breteler MM, Bots ML, Slooter AJC, Van Harskamp F, et al. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam study. Lancet 1997 ; 349 : 151-4.
102. De la Torr JC, Mussivand T. Can disturbed brain microcirculation cause Alzheimer's disease? Neurol Res 1993 ; 15 : 146-53.
103. Krasinski SD, Russell RM, Samloff IM, Jacob RA, Dallal GE, McGandy RB, et al. Fundic atrophic gastritis in an elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986 ; 34 : 800-6.
104. Soininen HS, Riekkinen PJ. Apoliporotein E, memory and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 1996 ; 19 : 224-8.